No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
Double Colonization: A Voice of the Voiceless in Leila Abouzeid's Year of the Elephant
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 March 2022
Abstract
Many Afro-Arab women novelists, if not all, have been addressing feminist issues for ages while homeland issues have been masculinized. Against this trend, Leila Abouzeid's academic interests span not only women's issues, but also those of men and of her country as well. Her book shows how a woman is dominated by patriarchy and colonization and how she herself appears to be an executioner. It also shows her struggle and resistance against patriarchy and imperial power, without sacrificing her commitment to her national and religious identity. In contrast to secular feminism, Abouzeid views religion as a source of relief and solace. The study also argues that the men happily adopt the colonial culture whereas their women resist it. Tackling the experience of double colonization in Year of the Elephant captures the experiences of millions of women in both the eastern and western hemispheres who rebel over the laws that govern their lives.
- Type
- Special Focus: Spotlight on Pedagogical Perspectives and the Politics of Representation
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Middle East Studies Association of North America, Inc.
References
1 Ashcroft, B., Gareth, G., and Helen, T., Post-colonial Studies: The key concepts (2nd ed.) (London: Routledge, 2007), 66Google Scholar.
2 Bukari, Leila Abouzeid, “Pioneer Moroccan Woman Writer,” Journal of the African Literature Association 2.2 (2008): 224–51, 247Google Scholar, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21674736.2008.11690088 doi:10.1080/21674736.2008.11690088.
3 Moane, G., Gender and Colonialism: A Psychological Analysis of Oppression (New York, USA: Palgrave Macmillan, 1999), 37Google Scholar.
4 Ibid., 13.
5 Moane, Gender and Colonialism.
6 Double colonization is a term coined in the mid 1980s and usually is identified with Holst Petersen and Rutherford's “A Double Colonization: Colonial and Post-Colonial Women's Writing” which deals with the question of female visibility and struggles of female writers in a male-dominated world. The term refers to women who are oppressed by both patriarchy and colonization.
7 Ahmed, S.M., “Double Colonization: A Postcolonial Feminist Study of Sia Figiel's,” Scholaria: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan 9.1 (Winter 2019): 1–10CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Retrieved June 25, 2020, https://ejournal.uksw.edu/scholaria/article/view/2062/1083.
8 R.J. Young, Postcolonialism: An Historical Introduction (Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2001), 379.
9 B. Shaban, “Qalaq Al-Madhee: Qira'a fi A'am al fil [Past Anxiety: Reading in Year of the Elephant],” Works of the Women's Writing Seminar - Imagining and Receiving, (2005 ) 253–257. Retrieved September 5, 2020. http://search.mandumah.com/Record/515648.
10 R. Strohman, Literature in the Language of Life: The Importance of Writing in Colloquial Moroccan Arabic (2011), 13. https://dra.american.edu/islandora/object/1011capstones:118.
11 Khannous, T. Islam, “Gender, and Identity in Leila Abouzeid's The Last Chapter: A Postcolonial Critique,” West Chester University 37.1 (Winter 2010): 174–89. 76. doi: 10.1353/lit.0.0088Google Scholar
12 N. Greg, “Year of the Elephant: A Moroccan Woman's Journey Toward Independence,” The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs 10.2 (Summer 1991): 3. Retrieved November 12, 2020. https://search.proquest.com/docview/218800453?accountid=35493.
13 Ibid., 2.
14 H. Frances, “Briefly Noted: Arab Writers,” University of Texas 6.4 (Summer, 1991: 1–4. Retrieved October 10, 2020. https://search.proquest.com/docview/222399305?accountid=35493.
15 S. Moukhlis, “‘A History of Hopes Postponed’: Women's Identity and the Postcolonial State in ‘Year of the Elephant,’” Research in African Literatures 34.3 (Fall 2003): 69. Retrieved October 2015. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3821250.
16 Ibid., 68.
17 Ibid., 68.
18 L. Abouzeid, A'am Al Feal [Year of the Elephant] (Beirut: Arab Cultural Center, 2011), 8.
19 Ibid., 26.
20 Ibid., 25.
21 Ibid., 31.
22 Ibid., 31.
23 Bukari, “Pioneer Moroccan Woman Writer,” 233.
24 E. Said, Orientalism (New York: Vintage Books,1978), 6.
25 Abouzeid, Year of the Elephant, 106.
26 Ibid., 31
27 Ibid., 31
28 Ibid., 24
29 Pakri & Anandan, A Feminist-Postcolonial Analysis of Power and Ideology in Ayaan Hirsi Ali's Infidel (Elsevier Ltd., 2015), 200. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.196.
30 Abouzeid, Year of the Elephant, 29.
31 Ibid., 32
32 Ibid., 15
33 Ben Bouza, “Al-haweea wal-Ikhtilaf fi alriwaya alneeswaea fi Maghreb al arabi [Identity and difference in the feminist narrative in Morroco” (PhD diss., Haji Al-Khader University, 2007/2008), 110. Retrieved April 11, 2020. http://theses.univ-batna.dz/index.php/component/docman/doc_details/3097-------
34 Abouzeid, Year of the Elephant, 7.
35 Ibid., 24.
36 Moukhlis, “‘A History of Hopes Postponed,’” 73.
37 Afif, C., “Al nedham Alabawee wadwar Al-muthqaf [Patriarchy and the role of the intellectual],” Philosophical Papers 7.7 (Winter 2002): 152Google Scholar. Retrieved May 6, 2020. http://search.mandumah.com/Record/625450.
38 Abouzeid, Year of the Elephant, 7.
39 Khannous, “Gender and Identity in Leila Abouzeid's The Last Chapter,” 176.
40 Z. A. Rani, “What Is Islamic Feminism?” (Proceeding of the 2nd International Conference on Management and Muamalah, 2015, 252. Retrieved January 25, 2021. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309661059_WHAT_IS_ISLAMIC_FEMINISM_PROMOTING_CULTURAL_CHANGE_AND_GENDER_EQUALITY.
41 Moukhlis, “‘A History of Hopes Postponed,’” 73.
42 Abouzeid, Year of the Elephant, 7.
43 Ibid., 91.
44 A. Loomba, Colonalism/Postcolonalism (London & New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2005), 184.
45 Abouzeid, Year of the Elephant, 106.
46 Ibid., 91.
47 Moukhlis, “‘A History of Hopes Postponed,’” 71.
48 Bukari, “Pioneer Moroccan Woman Writer,” 235.
49 E. Hunter, “Feminism, Islam and the Modern Moroccan Woman in the Works of Leila Abouzeid,” African Studies 65.2 (Winter 2006): 147. doi:10.1080=00020180601035567.
50 Afif, C. Al nedham Alabawee wadwar Al-muthqaf [Patriarchy and the role of the intellectual]. Philosophical Papers 7, no. 7 (Winter,2002): 149–54.152. Retrieved May 6, 2020. http://search.mandumah.com/Record/625450.
51 Bukari, “Pioneer Moroccan Woman Writer,” 235.
52 Hunter, “Feminism, Islam and the Modern Moroccan Woman,” 147. 7
53 Said, Orientalism, 187.
54 Abouzeid, Year of the Elephant, 32.
55 Ibid., 32.
56 Ibid., 32.
57 Ibid., 91.
58 Afif, “Patriarchy and the role of the intellectual,” 149.
59 Abouzeid, Year of the Elephant, 62–63.
60 Ibid., 160.
61 F. Sadiqi, “The Central Role of the Family Law in the Moroccan Feminist Movement,” British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 35.3 (2008): 327. Retrieved January 23, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20455613.
62 Moukhlis, “‘A History of Hopes Postponed,’” 74.
63 Said, Orientalism, 3.
64 Ibid., 67.
65 Ibid., 92.
66 Strohman, Literature, 34.
67 Abouzeid, Year of the Elephant, 18.
68 J. Mcleod, Beginning Postcolonalism (Manchester & New York: Manchester University Press, 2010), 24.
69 B. Ashcroft, G. Griffiths, & H. Tiffin, The Empire Writes Back: Theory and practice in post-colonial literatures (London & New York: Routledge, 2002), 7.
70 Hunter, “Feminism, Islam and the Modern Moroccan Woman,” 146.
71 Sadiqi, “The Central Role of the Family Law,” 332.
72 Abouzeid, Year of the Elephant, 90.
73 Ibid., 89.
74 Bukari, “Pioneer Moroccan Woman Writer,” 234.
75 Afif, “Patriarchy and the role of the intellectual,” 152.
76 Abouzeid, Year of the Elephant, 112.
77 Mcleod, Beginning Postcolonalism, 26.
78 Abouzeid, Year of the Elephant, 35.
79 Ibid., 46.
80 Ibid., 75.
81 R.R. Wulan, Analysis of Postcolonial Feminism Theory: Note of a Woman's Struggle in Novel “Panggil Aku Kartini Saja” (2015), 7. Retrieved December 4, 2020. https://repository.telkomuniversity.ac.id/pustaka/files/…f/article_f.pdf.
82 Abouzeid, Year of the Elephant, 90.
83 Ibid., 113.
84 Strohman, Literature, 9.
85 Ibid., 35.
86 R.P. Adhikary, “Adichie's The Thing Around Your Neck: A Postcolonial Feminist Reading,” International Journal of Language and Linguistics 8.4 (Summer 2020): 140. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20200804.13
87 Abouzeid, Year of the Elephant, 6.
88 Moane, Gender and Colonialism, 11.
89 Abouzeid, Year of the Elephant, 62.
90 Moukhlis, “‘A History of Hopes Postponed,’” 72.
91 Shaban, “Qalaq Al-Madhee,” 254.
92 Abouzeid, Year of the Elephant, 62.
93 Ibid., 34.
94 Ibid., 64.
95 W. H. Malik and T. A. Umrani, “A Post-colonial Reading of Muneeza Shamsie's That Heathen Air,” International Journal of English and Education 4.2 (Winter 2015): 400. Retrieved December 4, 2020. https://www.academia.edu/11760633/A_Postcolonial_Reading_of_Muneeza_Shamies_That_Heathen_Air
96 Rausch, M., Bodies, Boundaries and Spirit Possession: Moroccan Women and the Revision of Tradition (Wetzlar, Germany: Transaction Publishers, 2000), 68Google Scholar.
97 Moukhlis, “‘A History of Hopes Postponed,’” 71.
98 Strohman, Literature in the Language of Life, 30. 8
99 Abouzeid, Year of the Elephant, 101.
100 Ibid., 115.
101 Ibid., 30.
102 Ibid., 40.
103 Ibid., 40
104 Hunter, “Feminism, Islam and the Modern Moroccan Woman,” 150. 7
105 H. Michael, “A'am Al Fil Qira'a Binatheria Ma-b'ad Al-Istimar [Year of the Elephant: A postcolonial reading],” Works of the Women's Writing Seminar - Imagining and Receiving (2005): 273. Retrieved December 4, 2020. http://search.mandumah.com/Record/515651.
106 Ibid.,271.
107 Moukhlis, “‘A History of Hopes Postponed,’” 79.