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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 August 2009
In the popular imagination, the fall and death of Parnel was for Ireland the beginning of a long period of deep despair and dejection. Actually, the heroic period in modern Irish history only begins when that great man was dragged from his high place, and his magnificent creation, the Irish Parliamentary Party, was shattered into petty factions. His death and the destruction of his political legacy were the neccessary preliminary to the release of the Irish people, which had been for so long subordinated to the national cause. The twenty-five years that encompass the fall in 1891 of Ireland's “uncrowned king” and the rising in 1916, are the years in which the Irish people did great things. It was the period when they secured to them selves the art of representative goverment, created a new literature, and laid the foundations for their welfare state. In truth it was an exhilarating period and Ireland was never more in tellectually alive.
* Part of the research for this article was made possible by grants-in-aid from the American Philosophical Society and the Social Science Research Council.
1 Irish Catholic (Dublin), 12 27, 1890Google Scholar. “Well did Mr. Parnell know when he took the field the enormous disadvantage at which the Patriot Party was placed, and the powerful influences to be arrayed in his own favour. There was his own high position, the unquestioned leader of a week ago. There was the charm of his prestige and name. There was the magnetic spell of his personality. There was the passionate loyalty with which the Celtic peasant clings to the fate and fortunes of their leaders, even when ruined and overthrown.”
2 Freeman's Journal (Dublin), 12 10, 1890.Google Scholar
3 Ibid.
4 Ibid.
5 Walsh to Manning, December 4, 1890, Manning Papers, St. Mary of the Angels, Bayswater, London. Courtesy of the Abbe Chapeau. Quoted in Leslie, Shane, Henry Edward Manning (London, 1921), p. 439.Google Scholar
6 McGennis to Walsh, December 5, 1890, Walsh Papers, Archbishop's House, Drumcondra, Dublin. Courtesy of the Archbishop of Dublin.
7 Woodlock to Walsh, December 6, 1890, Walsh Papers.
8 Lynch to Walsh, December 6, 1890, Walsh Papers.
9 Woodlock to Walsh, op. cit.
10 Woodlock to Walsh, December 9, 1890, Walsh Papers. “I am sorry your Grace hopes — in re the tone of the Freeman — were not realized yesterday. You have no idea of the mischief it is doing here in the country. I believe the mass of our people is sound and will stand with the Priests and the Bishops; but their views will not be published, or will be misrepresented.”
11 Walsh to Manning, December 14, 1890, Manning Papers.
12 Croke to Walsh, December 16, 1890, Walsh Papers.
13 Walsh to Manning, op. cit.
14 Ibid.
15 Ibid.
16 Times (London), 12 9, 1890Google Scholar.
17 Pope-Hennessy to Redmond, December 9, 1890, Redmond Papers, National Library of Ireland, pc 262 (xiv).
18 Walsh to Manning, December 14, 1890, Manning Papers.
19 Croke to Walsh, December 16, 1890, Walsh Papers.
20 ibid., December 19, 1890.
21 Ibid.
22 Ibid.
23 Irish Catholic, December 27, 1890.
24 Ibid., December 13, 1890.
25 Ibid.
26 Ibid.
27 Ibid.
28 Freeman's Journal, 12 20, 1890Google Scholar.
29 Lyons, F. S. L., The Fall of Parnell, 1890–91 (London, 1960), p. 173Google Scholar. Harrington, Timothy, to O'Brien, William, 12 27, 1890, Gill Papers, National Library of Ireland, DublinGoogle Scholar.
30 O'Brien, William and Ryan, Desmond (eds.), Devoy's Post-Bag, II, 317–8Google Scholar, quoted in Lyons, loc. cit., n. 1.
31 Croke to Walsh, December 16, 1890, Walsh Papers.
32 O'Brien, William, Evening Memories (London, 1907), pp. 478–79Google Scholar, quoted in Lyons, , op. cit., p. 194.Google Scholar
33 Croke to Walsh, December 19, 1890, Walsh Papers.
34 Healy to Walsh, January 5, 1891, Walsh Papers.
35 Ibid.
36 Ibid.
37 Ibid.
38 Croke to Walsh, January 9, 1891, Walsh Papers.
39 Ibid.
40 Ibid.
41 Irish Catholic, January 17, 1891, quoted in Walsh, Patrick J., Walsh, William J., Archbishop of Dublin (Dublin, 1928), pp. 422–23Google Scholar.
42 Ibid., quoted in Walsh, , op. cit., p. 423Google Scholar.
43 Ibid.
44 O'Donnell to Walsh, January 11, 1891, Walsh Papers. “I was personally acquainted with Madame Raffalovich for nearly a year before Mr. O'Brien's marriage to her daughter. I saw her three or four times while I was in Paris with Dr. Healy on Irish College business. She has been very generous to the evicted tenants. The letter I take the liberty of enclosing is the draft of a better one I am sending her by this post. The only improvement however is in the turn of an occasional clause and a strong wind up about the necessity of Parnell disappearing decisively. … I am careful to say nothing about the Conference as one living so far North cannot know and cannot be supposed to know how Irish feeling regards them. Your Grace can burn this enclosure whether you read it or not. … P.S. Independently of Your Grace's kind letter, I intended writing to this lady. Your allusion spurred me on.”
45 O'Brien to Walsh, January 17, 1891, Walsh Papers.
46 Walsh to Gladstone, January 28, 1891, Gladstone Papers, British Museum, Additional Manuscripts, 44512.
47 Healy to Walsh, January 31, 1891, Walsh Papers.
48 Ibid.
49 Ibid., February 4, 1891.
50 Ibid.
51 Dillon to Walsh, February 6, 1891, Walsh Papers.
52 Logue to Walsh, February 9, 1891, Walsh Papers.
53 Healy to Walsh, February 10, 1891, Walsh Papers.
54 O'Brien to Walsh, February 10, 1891, Walsh Papers.
55 Ibid.
56 Irish Catholic, February 21, 1891.
57 Healy to Walsh, February 10, 1891, Walsh Papers.
58 Ibid., February 13, 1891.
59 Murphy to Walsh, December 27, 1890, Walsh Papers.
60 Ibid.
61 Healy to Walsh, January 2, 1891, Walsh Papers.
62 Croke to Walsh, December 16, 1890, Walsh Papers.
63 O'Donnell to Walsh, December 26, 1890, Walsh Papers.
64 Gillooly to Walsh, December 30, 1890, Walsh Papers.
65 O'Donnell to Walsh, January 2, 1891, Walsh Papers.
66 Healy to Walsh, January 5, 1891, Walsh Papers.
67 Healy to Walsh, February 13, 1891.
68 Ibid.
69 Irish Catholic, February 14, 1891.
70 Ibid., February 21, 1891.
71 Ibid.
72 Ibid., March 7, 1891.
73 Ibid.
74 Ibid.
75 Ibid.
76 Ibid.
77 Ibid.
78 Ibid.
79 Ibid., March 14, 1891.
80 Ibid., March 21, 1891.
81 Ibid. March 14, 1891.
82 Walsh to Manning, March 6, 1891, Manning Papers.
83 Ibid.
84 Ibid. March 12, 1891.
85 Ibid.
86 Ibid., March 9, 1891.
87 Ibid. March 10, 1891.
88 Manning to Gladstone, Christmas, 1890, Gladstone Papers, B.M., Add. MS., 44250.
89 Ibid., April 9, 1891.
90 Ibid.