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Hyponatraemia in older patients: a clinical and practical approach

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 January 2015

I Runkle ,
E Gomez-Hoyos ,
M Cuesta-Hernández ,
J Chafer-Vilaplana  and
P de Miguel
I Runkle*
Affiliation:
Endocrinology and Nutrition Department and Innovation Unit, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid
E Gomez-Hoyos
Affiliation:
Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
M Cuesta-Hernández
Affiliation:
Endocrinology Department. Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
J Chafer-Vilaplana
Affiliation:
Endocrinology and Nutrition Department and Innovation Unit, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid
P de Miguel
Affiliation:
Endocrinology and Nutrition Department and Innovation Unit, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid
*
Address for correspondence: Dr Isabelle Runkle, c/Martin Lagos s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain. Email: isabelle.runkle@salud.madrid.org
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Summary

Hyponatraemia is frequent in older people and induces marked motor and cognitive dysfunction, even in patients deemed ‘asymptomatic’. Nutritional status is worse than in euvolaemic-matched controls, and the risk of fracture is increased following incidental falls. Yet hyponatraemia is undertreated, in spite of the fact that its correction is accompanied by a clear improvement in symptoms. Both evaluation of neurological symptoms and classification by volaemia are essential for a correct diagnosis and treatment of the hyponatraemic elderly patient. The syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is the most common cause of hyponatraemia in older people. Nutritional status and chronicity of SIADH should be taken into account when deciding therapy. We propose an 8-step approach to the management of the elderly patient with hyponatraemia.

Keywords

hyponatremiaSIADHfluid restrictiontolvaptanhypoaldosteronismhypertonic saline
Type
Review Article
Information
Reviews in Clinical Gerontology , Volume 25 , Issue 1 , February 2015 , pp. 31 - 52
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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