Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T02:32:01.406Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Role of rehabilitation in fall recovery and prevention

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 November 2008

A John Campbell
A John Campbell*
Affiliation:
Otago University Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand
*
Professor AJ Campbell, Chairman, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Medical School, PO Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Rehabilitation
Information
Reviews in Clinical Gerontology , Volume 2 , Issue 1 , February 1992 , pp. 53 - 65
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1Rubenstein, LZ, Robbins, AS, Josephson, KR, Schulman, BC, Osterweil, D.The value of assessing falls in an elderly population. A randomized clinical trial. Ann Intern Med 1990; 113: 308–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2Tinetti, ME, Williams, TF, Mayewski, R.Fall risk index for elderly patients based on number of chronic disabilities. Am J Med 1986; 80: 429–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3Campbell, AJ, Borne, MJ, Spears, GF.Risk factors for falls in a community-based prospective study of people 70 years and older. J Gerontol Med Sci 1989; 44: M112–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4Speechley, M, Tinetti, ME.Falls and injuries in frail and vigorous community elderly person. J Am Ceriatr Soc 1991; 39: 46–52.Google Scholar
5Brody, EM, Kleban, MH, Moss, MS, Kleban, F.Predictors of falls among institutionalised women with Alzheimer's disease. J Am Ceriatr Soc 1984; 32: 877–82.Google ScholarPubMed
6Obony, OT, Drummond, M, Isaacs, B.Domiciliary physiotherapy for old people who have fallen. Int Rehabil Med 1984; 5: 157–60.Google Scholar
7Campbell, AJ, Borrie, MJ, Spears, GFS, Jackson, SL, Brown, JS, Fitzgerald, JL.Circumstances and consequences of falls experienced by a community population 70 years and over during a prospective study. Age Ageing 1990; 19: 136–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8Cumming, RG, Kelsey, JL, Nevitt, MC.Methodological issues in the study of frequent and recurrent health problems. Falls in the elderly. Ann Epidemiol 1990; 1: 49–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9Swift, C. Health care of the elderly: the concept of progress. In: Warnes, AM ed. Human ageing and laterlife. Multidisciplinary perspectives. London: Edward Arnold, 1989: 135–45.Google Scholar
10Fairweather, DS, Campbell, AJ.Diagnostic accuracy. The effects of multiple aetiology and the degradation of information in old age. J R Coll Physicians Land 1991; 25: 105–10.Google ScholarPubMed
11Svanstrom, L.Falls on stairs: an epidemiological accident study. Scand J Soc Med 1974; 2: 113–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12Hyatt, RH, Whitelaw, MN, Bhat, A, Scott, S, Maxwell, JD.Association of muscle strength with functional status of elderly people. Age Ageing 1990; 19: 330–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13Cummings, SR, Nevitt, MC.A hypothesis: the causes of hip fracture. J Gerontol Med Sci 1989; 44: M107–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14Nevitt, MC, Cummings, SR, Kidd, S, Black, D.Risk factors for recurrent nonsyncopal falls. JAMA 1989; 261: 2663–68.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15Myers, DB, Grennan, DM, Palmer, DG, Handgrip function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1980; 61: 369–73.Google Scholar
16Whipple, RH, Wolfson, LI, Amerman, PM.The relationship of knee and ankle weakness to falls in nursing home residents: an isokinetic study. J Am Geriatr Soc 1987; 35: 13–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17Grimby, G, Danneskiold-Smasoe, B, Huid, K, Saltin, B.Morphology and enzymatic capacity in arm and leg muscle in 78–81 year old men and women. Acta Physiol Scand 1982; 115: 125–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18Larsson, L, Grimby, G, Karlsson, J.Muscle strength and speed of movement in relation to age and muscle morphology. J Appl Physiol 1979; 45: 451–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19Davies, CTM, Thomas, DO, White, MJ.Mechanical properties of young and elderly human muscle. ActaMed Scand [Suppl] 1986; 811: 219–26.Google Scholar
20Aniansson, A, Gustafsson, E.Physical training in old men with special reference to quadriceps muscle strength and morphology. Clin Physiol 1981; 1: 87–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21Aniansson, A, Ljungberg, P, Rundgren, A, Weiterqvist, H.Effects of a training programme of pensioners on condition and muscle strength. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1984; 3: 229–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22Fiatarone, MA, Marks, EE, Ryan, ND, Meredith, CW, Lipsitz, CA, Evans, WJ.High intensity strength training in nonagenarians. JAMA 1990; 263: 3029–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23Pocock, NA, Eisman, JA, Yeates, MG, Sambrook, PN, Erbel, S.Physical fitness is a major determinant of femoral neck and lumbar spine bone mineral density. J Clin Invest 1986; 78: 618–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24Sorock, GS, Bush, TL, Golden, AL, Fried, L, Breuer, B, Hale, WE.Physical activity and fracture risk in a free-living elderly cohort. J Gerontol Med Sci 1988; 43: M134–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25Eriksson, SAV, Lindgren, JU.Outcome of falls in women: endogenous factors associated with fracture. Age Ageing 1989; 18: 303–308.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26Wyke, B.Cervical articular contributions to posture and gait: their relation to senile disequilibrium. Age Ageing 1979; 8: 251–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27Tinetti, ME, Speechley, M, Ginter, SF.Risk factors for falls among elderly persons living in the community. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 1701–1707.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28Tinetti, ME.Performance-oriented assessment of mobility problems in elderly patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 1986; 34: 119–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29Tinetti, ME, Ginter, SF.Identifying mobility dysfunctions in elderly patients: standard neuromuscular examination or direct assessment? JAMA 1988; 259: 1190–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30Duncan, PW, Weiner, DK, Chandler, J, Studenski, S.Functional reach: a new clinical measure of balance. J Gerontol Med Sci 1991; 45: M192–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31Overstall, PW, Exton-Smith, AN, Imms, FJ, Johnson, AL.Falls in the elderly related to postural imbalance. Br Med J 1977; 1: 261–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32Ring, C, Nayak, USC, Isaacs, B.Balance function in elderly people who have and who have not fallen. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1988; 69: 261–64.Google ScholarPubMed
33Wolfson, LI, Whipple, R, Amerman, P, Kleinberg, A.Stressing the postural response. A quantitative method for testing balance. J Am Geriatr Soc 1986; 34: 845–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
34Swift, CG, Haythorne, JM, Clarke, P, Stevenson, IH.The effect of ageing on measured responses to single doses of oral temazepam. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1981; 11: 413P–14P.Google Scholar
35Campbell, AJ, Somerton, DT.Benzodiazepine drug effect on body sway in elderly subjects. J Clin Exp Gerontol 1982; 4: 341–17.Google Scholar
36Sharma, JC, Maclennan, WJ.Causes of ataxia in patients attending a falls laboratory. Age Ageing 1988; 17: 94–102.Google ScholarPubMed
37Daleiden, S.Weight shifting as a treatment for balance deficits: a literature review. Physiotherapy Canada 1990; 42: 81–87.Google Scholar
38Overstall, PW.Prevention of falls in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 1980; 28: 481–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
39Sudarsky, L.Gait disorders in the elderly. N Engl J Med 1990; 322: 1441–46.Google ScholarPubMed
40Nayak, USL, Gabell, A, Simons, MA, Isaacs, B.Measurement of gait and balance in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 1982; 30: 516–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
41Koller, WC, Glatt, SC, Fox, JH.Senile gait. A distinct neurologic entity. Clin Geriatr Med 1985; 1: 661–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
42Klenerman, L, Dobbs, RJ, Weller, C, Leeman, AL, Nicholson, PW.Bringing gait analysis out of the laboratory and into the clinic. Age Ageing 1988; 17: 397–400.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
43Guimaraes, RM, Isaacs, B.Characteristics of the gait in old people who fall. Int Rehabil Med 1980; 2: 177–80.Google ScholarPubMed
44Wild, D, Nayak, USL, Isaacs, B.How dangerous are falls in old people at home? Br Med J 1981; 282: 266–68.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
45Robbins, AS, Rubenstein, LZ, Josephson, KR, Schulman, BL, Osterweil, D, Fine, G.Predictors of falls among elderly people. Arch Intern Med 1989; 149: 1628–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
46Sudarsky, L, Ronthal, M.Gait disorders among elderly patients: a survey of 50 patients. Arch Neural 1983; 40: 740–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
47Young, A.Exercise physiology in geriatric practice. Acta Med Scand [Suppl] 1986; 711: 227–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
48Morris, HA, Morrison, GW, Barr, M, Thomas, DW, Nordin, BE.Vitamin D and femoral neck fracture in elderly South Australian women. Med J Aust 1984; 140: 519–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
49Campbell, AJ.Drug treatment as a cause of falls in old age. A review of the offending agents. Drugs Aging 1991; 1: 289–302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
50Castleden, CM, George, CF, Marcer, D, Hallet, C.Increased sensitivity to nitrazepam in old age. Br Med J 1981; 282: 10–12.Google Scholar
51Lennox, IM, Williams, BO.Postural hypotension in the elderly. J Clin Exp Gerontol 1980; 2: 313–28.Google Scholar
52Stephen, PJ, Williamson, T.Drug-induced Parkinsonism in the elderly. Lancet 1984; ii: 1082–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
53Campbell, AJ, Spears, GF, Borrie, MJ.Examination by logistic regression modelling of the variables which increase the relative risk of elderly women falling compared to elderly men. J Clin Epidemiol 1990; 43: 1415–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
54Sorock, GS, Shimkin, EE.Benzodiazepine sedatives and the risk of falling in a community-dwelling elderly cohort. Arch Intern Med 1988; 148: 2441–44.Google Scholar
55Ray, WA, Griffin, MR, Schaffner, W, Baugh, DK, Melton, LJ.Psychotropic drug use and the risk of hip fracture. N Engl J Med 1987; 316: 363–69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
56Ray, WA, Griffin, MR, Downey, W.Benzodiadepines of long and short elimination half-life and the risk of hip fracture. JAMA 1989; 262: 3303–3307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
57Grisso, JA, Kelsey, JL, Strom, BL et al. Risk factors for falls as a cause of hip fracture in women. N Engl J Med 1991; 324: 1326–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
58Bixler, EO, Kales, A, Manfredi, RC, Vgontzas, AN, Tyson, KL, Kales, JD.Next day memory impairment with triazolam use. Lancet 1991; 337: 827–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
59Davie, JW, Blunenthal, MD, Robinson-Hawkins, S.A model of risk of falling for psychogeriatric patients. Arch Cen Psychiatry 1981; 38: 463–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
60Duncan, AJ, Campbell, AJ.Antidepressant drugs in the elderly: are the indications as long term as the therapy? Br Med J 1988; 296: 1230–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
61Wollner, L, McCarthy, ST, Soper, NOW, Macy, DJ.Failure of cerebral autoregulation as a cause of brain dysfunction in the elderly. Br Med J 1979; i: 1117–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
62Lipsitz, LA, Nyquist, RP, Wei, JY, Rowe, JW.Postprandial reduction in blood pressure in the elderly. N Engl J Med 1983; 309: 81–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
63Jonsson, PV, Lipsitz, LA, Kelley, RN, Koestner, J.Hypotensive responses to common daily activities in institutionalized elderly. Arch Intern Med 1990; 150: 1518–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
64Lipsitz, LA.Orthostatic hypotension in the elderly. N Engl J Med 1989; 321: 952–57.Google ScholarPubMed
65Prudham, D, Evans, JG.Factors associated with falls in the elderly: a community study. Age Ageing 1981; 10: 141–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
66Leonard, E.Balance tests and balance responses: performance changes following a CVA. A review of the literature. Physiotherapy Canada 1990; 42: 68–72.Google Scholar
67Blake, AJ, Morgan, K, Bendall, MJ et al. Falls by elderly people at home: prevalence and associated factors. Age Ageing 1988; 17: 365–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
68Stokes, M, Young, A.The contribution of reflex inhibition to arthrogenous muscle weakness. Clin Sci 1984; 67: 7–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
69Leibowitz, HW, Shupert, CL.Spatial orientation mechanisms and their implications for falls. Clin Geriatr Med 1985; 1: 571–80.Google ScholarPubMed
70Owen, DH.Maintaining posture and avoiding tripping: optical information for detecting and controlling orientation and locomotion. Clin Geriatr Med 1985; 1: 581–600.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
71Sekular, R, Hutman, LP, Owlsley, CJ.Human aging and spatial vision. Science 1980; 209: 1255–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
72Lord, SR, Clark, RD, Webster, IW.Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in relation to falls in an elderly population. Age Ageing 1991; 20: 175–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
73Tobis, JS, Reinsch, S, Swanson, JKM, Byrd, M, Scharr, T.Visual perception dominance of fallers among community-dwelling adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 1985; 33: 330–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
74Pykko, I, Jantti, P, Aalto, H.Postural control in elderly subjects. Age Ageing 1990; 19: 215–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
75Gabell, A, Simons, MA, Nayak, USL.Falls in the healthy elderly: predisposing causes. Ergonomics 1985; 28: 965–75.Google ScholarPubMed
76White, EG, Mulley, GP.Footcare for very elderly people: a community survey. Age Ageing 1989; 18: 275–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
77Rubenstein, LZ, Robbins, AS, Schulman, BL, Rosado, J, Osterweil, D, Josephson, KR.Falls and instability in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 1988; 36: 266–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
78Tideiksaar, R.Falls in the elderly. Bull NY Acad Med 1988; 64: 145–63.Google ScholarPubMed
79Tinetti, ME, Speechley, M.Prevention of falls among the elderly. N Engl J Med 1989; 320: 1055–1059.Google ScholarPubMed
80Kellogg International Working Group. The prevention of falls in later life. Dan Med Bull [Suppl] 1987; 4.Google Scholar
81Hindmarsh, JJ, Estes, EH.Falls in older persons. Causes and Interventions. Arch Intern Med 1989; 149: 2217–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
82Vellas, B, Cayla, F, Bocquet, H, De Pemille, F, Albarede, JL.Prospective study of restriction of activity in old people after falls. Age Ageing 1987; 16: 189–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
83Cwikel, J, Kaplan, G, Barell, V.Falls and subjective health rating among the elderly: evidence from two Israeli samples. Soc Sci Med 1990; 31: 485–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
84Mossey, JM, Mutran, E, Knott, K, Craik, R.Determinants of recovery 12 months after hip fracture: the importance of psychosocial factors. Public Health 1989; 79: 279–86.Google ScholarPubMed
85Vetter, NJ, Ford, D.Anxiety and depression scores in elderly fallers. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1989; 4: 159–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
86Tinetti, ME, Richman, D, Powell, L.Falls efficacy as a measure of fear of falling. J Gerontol Psychol Sci 1990; 45: 239–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
87Sainsbury, R, Mulley, G.Walking sticks used by the elderly. Br Med J 1982; 284: 1751.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
88Campbell, AJ, Spears, GFS, Borrie, MJ, Fitzgerald, JL.Falls, elderly women and the cold. Gerontology 1988; 34: 205–208.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed