Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T03:29:34.765Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

NUMERACY OF RELIGIOUS MINORITIES IN SPAIN AND PORTUGAL DURING THE INQUISITION ERA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2019

Dácil Juif ,
Joerg Baten  and
Mari Carmen Pérez-Artés
Dácil Juif
Affiliation:
Universidad Carlos III de Madrida
Joerg Baten
Affiliation:
University of Tübingen, CEPR and CESifob
Mari Carmen Pérez-Artés
Affiliation:
University of Tübingenc
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

We assess the numeracy (age heaping) of religious minorities, particularly Jews, and other defendants of the Spanish and Portuguese Inquisitions, and compare it with the general Iberian population. Our database includes 13,000 individuals who took part in Inquisition trials, and 17,000 individuals recorded in censuses and parish registers who serve as a control group. We thoroughly discuss the representativeness of our samples for the populations we aim to capture. Our results point at a substantial numeracy advantage of the Judaism-accused over the Catholic majority. Furthermore, Catholic priests and other groups of the religious elite who were occasional targets of the Inquisition had a similarly high level of numeracy.

Resumen

RESUMEN

Estimamos las capacidades numéricas (numeracy) de minorías religiosas -judíos en particular- y otros reos de la Inquisición Española y Portuguesa, y las comparamos con el resto de la población ibérica. Nuestra base de datos incluye 13.000 individuos que participaron en juicios de la Inquisición, y 17.000 individuos recogidos en censos y registros parroquiales que sirven de grupo de control. Discutimos minuciosamente la representatividad de nuestras muestras para las poblaciones en cuestión. Nuestros resultados apuntan a una ventaja sustancial de los acusados de judaísmo con respecto a la mayoría católica. Asimismo, los sacerdotes católicos y otros grupos religiosos elitistas, que fueron el blanco de la Inquisición, tenían un nivel alto de habilidades numéricas.

Keywords

human capitalreligionminoritiesInquisitionPortugalSpainN33Z12numeracyreligiónminoríasInquisiciónPortugalEspaña
Type
Articles/Artículos
Information
Revista de Historia Economica - Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History , Volume 38 , Special Issue 1: Economic history of Portugal , March 2020 , pp. 147 - 184
Copyright
Copyright © Instituto Figuerola, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

a

Department of Social Sciences, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. djuif@clio.uc3m.es

b

Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, University of Tübingen, CEPR and CESifo. joerg.baten@uni-tuebingen.de

c

Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, University of Tübingen. mcperezartes@gmail.com

References

REFERENCES

A'Hearn, B., Baten, J., and Crayen, D. (2009): «Quantifying Quantitative Literacy: Age Heaping and the History of Human Capital». Journal of Economic History 69 (3), pp. 783-808.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, R. W. (2015): «Inquisitions and Scholarship». Social Science History 39 (4), pp. 677-702.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashraf, Q., and Galor, O. (2011): «Cultural Diversity, Geographical Isolation, and the Origin of the Wealth of Nations». National Bureau of Economic Research (No. w17640).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becker, S. O., and Woessmann, L. (2009): «Was Weber Wrong? A Human Capital Theory of Protestant Economic History». Quarterly Journal of Economics 124 (2), pp. 531-596.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Botticini, M., and Eckstein, Z. (2005): «Jewish Occupational Selection: Education, Restrictions, or Minorities?» Journal of Economic History 65 (4), pp. 922-948.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Botticini, M., and Eckstein, Z. (2007): «From Farmers to Merchants, Conversions and Diaspora: Human Capital and Jewish History». Journal of the European Economic Association 5 (5), pp. 855-926.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Botticini, M., and Eckstein, Z. (2012): The Chosen Few: How Education Shaped Jewish History, 70-1492. Oxford and Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chiswick, B. R. (1991): «Jewish Immigrant Skill and Occupational Attainment at the Turn of the Century». Explorations in Economic History 28 (1), pp. 64-86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Contreras, J. (1982): El Santo Oficio de la Inquisición de Galicia. Madrid: Akal Universitaria.Google Scholar
Contreras, J., and Henningsen, D. (1986): «Forty-four Thousand Cases of the Spanish Inquisition (1540-1700): Analysis of a Historical Data Bank», in Henningsen, G. and Tedeschi, J. (eds), The Inquisition in Early Modern Europe. Studies in Sources and Methods. Dekalb, Illinois: Northern Illinois University Press, pp. 100-129.Google Scholar
Crayen, D., and Baten, J. (2010): «Global Trends in Numeracy 1820-1949 and its Implications for Long-term Growth». Explorations in Economic History 47 (1), pp. 82-99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delgado Criado, B. (ed.) (1993): Historia de la educación en España y América, Vol. 2: La educación en la España moderna (siglos XVI-XVIII). Madrid: Ediciones SM.Google Scholar
Fajardo Spinola, F. (2005): Las victimas de la Inquisición en las Islas Canarias. La Laguna: Editorial Universidad de La Laguna.Google Scholar
Garcia Fuentes, J. M. (2006): Visitas de la Inquisición al Reino de Granada. Granada: Editorial Universidad De Granada.Google Scholar
Gracia Boix, R. (1983): Autos de Fe y Causas de la Inquisición Española. Córdoba: Diputación Provincial.Google Scholar
Gross, N. (ed.) (1975): Economic History of the Jews. New York: Schocken Books.Google Scholar
Hanushek, E. A., and Woessmann, L. (2012): «Do Better Schools Lead to More Growth? Cognitive Skills, Economic Outcomes, and Causation». Journal of Economic Growth 17 (4), pp. 267-321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henningsen, G. (2004): The Salazar Documents, Inquisitor Alonso de Salazar Frías and Others on the Basque Witch Persecution. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Iannaccone, L. R. (1998): «Introduction to the Economics of Religion». Journal of Economic Literature 36 (3), pp. 1465-1495.Google Scholar
Iyer, S. (2016): «The New Economics of Religion». Journal of Economic Literature 54 (2), pp. 395-441.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, N. D., and Koyama, M. (2019): Persecution & Toleration: The Long Road to Religious Freedom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Juif, D., and Baten, J. (2013): «On the Human Capital of «Inca» Indios before and after the Spanish Conquest. Was there a «Pre-Colonial Legacy»?» Explorations in Economic History 50 (2), pp. 227-241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kamen, H. (1965): The Spanish Inquisition. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.Google Scholar
Kamen, H. (1988): «The Mediterranean and the Expulsion of Spanish Jews in 1492». Past & Present 119 (1), pp. 30-55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katz, S. (1937): The Jews in the Visigothic and Frankish Kingdoms of Spain and Gaul. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Mediaeval Academy of America.Google Scholar
Kuznets, S. (1960): «Economic Structure and Life of the Jews», in Finkelstein, L. (ed.), The Jews: Their History, Culture, and Religion. New York: Jewish Publication Society of America, pp. 1597-1666.Google Scholar
Kuznets, S. (1972): «Economic Structure of U.S. Jewry: Recent Trends». Working paper, Institute of Contemporary Jewry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Ladero Quesada, M. A. (1988): Granada después de la conquista: repobladores y mudéjares. Madrid: Diputación Provincial.Google Scholar
Ladero Quesada, M. A. (2007): «De nuevo sobre los judíos granadinos al tiempo de su expulsión». España Medieval 30, pp. 281-315.Google Scholar
Llorente, J. A. (1822): Historia crítica de la Inquisición de España, vol. 3. Madrid: Imprenta del Censor.Google Scholar
McCleary, R. M., and Barro, R. J. (2006): «Religion and Political Economy in an International Panel». Journal for the Scientific study of religion 45 (2), pp. 149-175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mokyr, J. (1983): Why Ireland Starved: A Quantitative and Analytical History of the Irish Economy, 1800-1850. London and Boston: Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
Myers, R. (1976): «An Instance of Reverse Heaping of Ages». Demography 13 (4), pp. 577-580.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nadal, J. (1984). La población española (siglos XVI al XX), Barcelona: Ed. Ariel.Google Scholar
Netanyahu, B. (1995): The Origins of the Inquisition in Fifteenth-Century Spain. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Nunziata, L., and Rocco, L. (2016): «A Tale of Minorities: Evidence on Religious Ethic and Entrepreneurship». Journal of Economic Growth 21 (2), pp. 189-224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nunziata, L., and Rocco, L. (2018): «The Protestant Ethic and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Religious Minorities in the Former Holy Roman Empire». European Journal of Political Economy 51, pp. 27-43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ó Gráda, C. (2006): «Dublin Jewish Demography a Century Ago». The Economic and Social Review 37 (2), pp. 123-147.Google Scholar
De Oliveira Marques, A. H., and Alves Dias, J. J. (1994). A População Portuguesa Nos Séculos XV E XVI. Coimbra: Biblos Coimbra, pp. 171-196.Google Scholar
Oster, E. (2004): «Witchcraft, Weather and Economic Growth in Renaissance Europe». The Journal of Economic Perspectives 18 (1), pp. 215-228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pérez, J. (2005): Los judíos en España. Madrid: Marcial Pons.Google Scholar
Pérez, J. (2012): Breve historia de la Inquisición en España. Barcelona: Crítica.Google Scholar
Pérez, J. (2014): Historia de una tragedia: la expulsión de los judíos de España. Barcelona: Crítica.Google Scholar
Ploetz, J. (2013): «Central American Human Capital, 1800-1950». Tübingen University, Bachelor thesis.Google Scholar
Rawlings, H. (2006): The Spanish Inquisition. Malden, USA: Blackwell Publishing.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodriguez, M. C., and Bennassar, B. (1978) : «Signatures et niveau culturel des témoins et accusés dans les procès d'inquisition du ressort du Tribunal de Tolède (1525-1817) et du ressort du Tribunal de Cordoue (1595-1632)». Cahiers du monde hispanique et luso-brésilien 31, pp. 17-46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roth, C. (1938): The Jewish Contribution to Civilization. London: Macmillan & Co.Google Scholar
Roth, N. (1995): Conversos, Inquisition and the Expulsion of the Jews from Spain. Madison, USA: The University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Saraiva, A. S. (2001): The Marrano Factory: The Portuguese Inquisition and Its New Christians 1536-1765. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Sierra, J. (2006): Procesos de la Inquisicion de Toledo (1575-1610). Manuscrito de Halle. Madrid: Editorial Trotta.Google Scholar
Sombart, W. (1911): The Jews and Modern Capitalism. Kitchener: Batoche Books, 2001.Google Scholar
Soria Mesa, E. (2014): «De la represión inquisitorial al éxito social. La capacidad de recuperación de los judeoconversos andaluces entre los siglos XV-XVII: el ejemplo del linaje Herrera». Medievalismo 24, pp. 399-417.Google Scholar
Tollnek, F., and Baten, J. (2016): «Age-heaping-based Human Capital Estimates», in Diebolt, D. and Haupert, M. (eds), Handbook of Cliometrics. Heidelberg, Berlin: Springer, pp. 131-154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tollnek, F., and Baten, J. (2017): «Farmers at the Heart of the «Human Capital Revolution»? Decomposing the Numeracy Increase in Early Modern Europe». The Economic History Review 70 (3), pp. 779-809.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Leeuwen, M. H. D., Maas, I., and Miles, A. (2002): HISCO: Historical International Standard Classification of Occupations. Leuven: Leuven University Press.Google Scholar
Vidal-Robert, J. (2013): «War and Inquisition: Repression in Early Modern Spain». CAGE Working Paper Series, 119.Google Scholar
Vidal-Robert, J. (2014): «Long-run Effects of the Spanish Inquisition». CAGE Online Working Paper Series, 192.Google Scholar
Villanueva, J. P., and Bonet, B. E. (1984): Historia de la Inquisición en España y América, tomo III. Madrid: Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos.Google Scholar
Wachtel, N. (2007): La Fé del recuerdo: Laberintos marranos. Buenos Aires: Fondo de Cultura Económica.Google Scholar
Weber, M. (1905): The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. London: Unwin, 1956.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Juif et al. supplementary material

Juif et al. supplementary material

Download Juif et al. supplementary material(File)
File 67 KB