Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-11T08:54:34.490Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

TRADING IN AN EMERGING MARKET: E. JOHNSTON & CO AND THE BRAZILIAN COFFEE TRADE 1840-1880

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 July 2019

Carlos Gabriel Guimarães Open the ORCID record for Carlos Gabriel Guimarães [Opens in a new window]  and
Robert Greenhill
Carlos Gabriel Guimarães
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal Fluminense Niteróia
Robert Greenhill
Affiliation:
University of Liverpoolb
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The article analyses the development of the coffee export business of the British company Edward Johnston & Co. in the years 1840-1880. Established in 1842 in the city of Rio de Janeiro, the firm's senior partner was the English merchant Edward Johnston. The departure of partners and the crisis of 1847 made Edward Johnston reorganise the firm in Brazil. In the 1850s, the company established itself as a family business based in Liverpool and then in London in the 1860s. The expansion of the coffee market in the United States made Edward Johnston create a network of firms which consolidated the company as a major exporter of Brazilian coffee by the late 1870s.

Resumen

RESUMEN

El artículo analiza el desarrollo del negocio de exportación de café de la empresa británica Edward Johnston & Co. en los años de 1840 a 1880. Organizada en 1842 en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, la firma comercial tenía como principal socio al comerciante inglés Edward Johnston. La salida de los socios y la crisis de 1847 hicieron que Edward Johnston reorganizara la firma en Brasil. En los años 1850, la compañía se estableció como una empresa familiar basada en Liverpool y después en Londres en la década de 1860. La expansión del mercado de café en los Estados Unidos hizo a Edward Johnston crear nuevas firmas y esta red comercial consolidó la firma como una gran exportadora del café brasileño en fines de la década de 1870.

Keywords

BrazilBrazilian coffee tradeexportsemerging marketEnglish merchantsF10N76Brasilcomercio de café brasileñoexportacionesmercado emergentecomerciantes ingleses
Type
Articles/Artículos
Information
Revista de Historia Economica - Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History , Volume 39 , Issue 1 , March 2021 , pp. 157 - 190
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Instituto Figuerola, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

a

Departamento de História, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. cgg@uol.com.br

b

Honorary Research Fellow, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK robertgreenhill122@btinternet.com

References

REFERENCES

Abreu, M., and Lago, L. (2010): A Economia Brasileira e o Império, 1822-1889. Rio de Janeiro: PUC-RJ.Google Scholar
Absell, C., and Tena-Junguito, A. (2017): «The Reconstruction of Brazil's Foreign Trade Series, 1821-1913». Revista de Historia Económica, Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 36 (1), pp. 87-115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ahvenainen, J. (2004): The European Cable Companies in South America before the First World War. Helsinki: Finnish Academy of Science and Letters.Google Scholar
Anderson, B. L., and Cottrell, P. N. (1975): «Another Victorian Capital Market: A Study of Banking and Bank Investors on Merseyside». Economic History Review, XXVIII (1975), pp. 598-615.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bacha, E., and Greenhill, R. (1992): 150 Anos de Café. Rio de Janeiro. Salamandra Cosultoria Editorial, 2nd ed.Google Scholar
Casson, M. (1999): «The Economics of the Family Firm». Scandinavian Economic History Review 47 (1), pp. 10-23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casson, M., and Lopes, T. (2013): «Foreign Direct Investment in High Risk Environments: An Historical Perspective». Business History LV, pp. 375-404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, S. D. (1992): Merchant Enterprise in Britain. From the Industrial Revolution to World War I. Cambridge, New York and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Church, R. (1993): «The Family Firm in Industrial Capitalism: International Perspectives on Hypotheses and History». Business History XXXV (4), pp. 17-43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarence-Smith, W. G. and Topik, S. (eds) (2003): The Global Coffee Economy in Africa, Asia and Latin America 1500-1989. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colli, A., Fernández Pérez, P., and Rose, M. B. (2003): «National Determinants of Family Firm Development? Family Firms in Britain, Spain and Italy in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries». Enterprise and Society, IV (1), pp. 28-64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cox, G. S. (2009): The Guernsey Merchants and Their World in the Georgian Era. Guernsey: Toucan Press.Google Scholar
Dawson, F. G. (1990): The First Latin American Debt Crisis: The City of London and the 1822-1825 Loan Bubble. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Eltis, D., and Richardson, D. (eds) (2008): Extending the Frontiers: Essays on the New Transatlantic Slave Trade Database. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Florentino, M. (2002): «Alforrias e etnicidade no Rio de Janeiro oitocentista: notas de pesquisa». Topoi, Rio de Janeiro, set. 2002, pp. 9-40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forrester, R. E. (2014): British Mail Steamers to South America 1851-1965: A History of the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company and Royal Mail Lines. Farnham, Surrey, England; Burlington, VT: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Graden, D. T. (2007): «O envolvimento dos Estados Unidos no comércio transatlântico de escravos para o Brasil, 1840-1858». Afro-Asia 35, pp. 9-35.Google Scholar
Graham, R. (1968): Britain and the Onset of Modernisation in Brazil, 1850-1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenhill, R. G. (1995): «Investment Group, Free-Standing Company or Multinational? Brazilian Warrant, 1909-52». Business History XXXVII, pp. 86-111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guimarães, C. G. (2012). A presença inglesa nas Finanças e no Comércio no Brasil Imperial: os casos da Sociedade Bancária Mauá, MacGregor & Co. (1854-1866) e da firma inglesa Samuel Phillips & Co. (1808-1840). São Paulo: Editora Alameda.Google Scholar
Guimarães, C. G. (2015): «English Presence in the Brazilian Empire: Edward Johnston & Co. and the Exports Trade, 1842-1852». Revista Tempo 2 (37), pp. 187-207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horne, G. (2010): The Deepest South: The United States, Brazil and the African Slave Trade. New York, New York University Press.Google Scholar
Jarnagin, L. (2008): A Confluence of Transatlantic Networks: Elites, Capitalism and Confederate Migration to Brazil. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.Google Scholar
Joel, G. C. (1942): One Hundred Years of Coffee. London.Google Scholar
Joslin, D. (1963): A Century of Banking in Latin America: Bank of London and South America Limited 1862-1962. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Llorca-Jaña, M. (2016): The Globalisation of Merchant Banking before 1850: The Case of Huth & Co. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Luna, F. V., and Klein, H. (2014): The Economic and Social History of Brazil since 1889. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marques, L. (2016): The United States and the Transatlantic Slave Trade to the Americas, 1776-1867. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, R. M., and Greenhill, R. G. (2008): «Liverpool and South America, 1850-1930», in Haggerty, S., Webster, A. and White, N. J. (eds), The Empire in One City: Liverpool's Inconvenient Imperial Past. Manchester: Manchester University Press, pp. 78-99.Google Scholar
Milne, G. J. (2000): Trade and Traders in Mid-Victorian Liverpool: Mercantile Business and the Making of a World Port. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearson, R., and Richardson, D. (2001): «Business Networking in the Industrial Revolution». Economic History Review LIV, pp. 657-679.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Platt, D. C. M. (1972): Latin America and British Trade 1806-1914. London: Adam and Charles Black.Google Scholar
Ridings, E. (1994): Business Interest Groups in Nineteenth Century Brazil. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, R. (1992): Schroders: Merchants and Bankers. Basingstoke and London, Macmillan Press Ltd.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robson, M. (2011): Britain, Portugal and South America in the Napoleonic Wars: Alliances and Diplomacy in Economic Martime Conflict. London and New York: I. B. Tauris & Co.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rose, M. B. (1993): «Beyond Buddenbrooks: The Family Firm and the Management of Succession in Nineteenth Century Britain», in Brown, J. and Rose, M. B. (eds), Entrepreneurship, Networks and Modern Business. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, pp. 127-143.Google Scholar
Rose, M. B. (1994): «The Family Firm in British Business, 1780-1914», in Rose, M. B. (ed.), Business Enterprise in Modern Britain. From the Eighteenth to the Twentieth Century. London; New York: Routledge, pp. 61-87.Google Scholar
Rose, M. B. (2000): Firms, Networks and Business Values; The British and American Cotton Industries Since 1750. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santos, A. (2014): «A Firma Maxwell Wright & Co no comércio do Império do Brasil (c1827-c1850)». Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, MA Thesis.Google Scholar
Summerhill, W. (2015): Inglorious Revolution: Political Institutions, Sovereign Debt and Financial Underdevelopment in Imperial Brazil. New Haven. London: Yale University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sweigart, J. (1987): Coffee Factorage and the Emergence of a Brazilian Capital Market, 1850-1888. New York: Garland Press.Google Scholar
Thomas, H. (1997): The Slave Trade: The Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade 1840-1870. New York, Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
Tombolo, G., and Sampaio, A. (2013): «O PIB brasileiro nos séculos XIX e XX: duzentos anos de flutuações econômicas». Revista de Economia 39 (3) (ano 37), pp. 181-216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Topik, S., and Samper, M. (2006): «The Latin American Coffee Commodity Chain: Brazil and Costa Rica», in Topik, S., Marichal, C. and Frank, Z. (eds), From Silver to Cocaine: Latin American Commodity Chains and the Building of the World Economy, 1500-2000. Durham, London: Duke University Press, pp. 118-146.Google Scholar
Ward-Perkins, C. N. (1950): «The Commercial Crisis of 1847». Oxford Economic Papers, II (1950), pp. 75-94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar