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Selection of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides against glutathione S-transferase Mu

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 January 2003

PETER A.C. 'T HOEN ,
RUUD OUT ,
JAN N.M. COMMANDEUR ,
NICO P.E. VERMEULEN ,
F.H.D. (EKE) VAN BATENBURG ,
MUTHIAH MANOHARAN ,
THEO J.C. VAN BERKEL ,
ERIK A.L. BIESSEN  and
MARTIN K. BIJSTERBOSCH
PETER A.C. 'T HOEN
Affiliation:
Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands Division of Molecular Toxicology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
RUUD OUT
Affiliation:
Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
JAN N.M. COMMANDEUR
Affiliation:
Division of Molecular Toxicology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
NICO P.E. VERMEULEN
Affiliation:
Division of Molecular Toxicology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
F.H.D. (EKE) VAN BATENBURG
Affiliation:
Division of Theoretical Biology and Phylogenetics, Institute for Environmental and Ecological Sciences, Leiden University, Kaiserstraat t3, 2311 GP, Leiden, The Netherlands
MUTHIAH MANOHARAN
Affiliation:
ISIS Pharmaceuticals, 2292 Faraday Avenue, Carlsbad, California 92008, USA
THEO J.C. VAN BERKEL
Affiliation:
Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
ERIK A.L. BIESSEN
Affiliation:
Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
MARTIN K. BIJSTERBOSCH
Affiliation:
Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to identify functional antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) against the rat glutathione S-transferase Mu (GSTM) isoforms, GSTM1 and GSTM2. These antisense ODNs would enable the study of the physiological consequences of GSTM deficiency. Because it has been suggested that the effectiveness of antisense ODNs is dependent on the secondary mRNA structures of their target sites, we made mRNA secondary structure predictions with two software packages, Mfold and STAR. The two programs produced only marginally similar structures, which can probably be attributed to differences in the algorithms used. The effectiveness of a set of 18 antisense ODNs was evaluated with a cell-free transcription/translation assay, and their activity was correlated with the predicted secondary RNA structures. Four phosphodiester ODNs specific for GSTM1, two ODNs specific for GSTM2, and four ODNs targeted at both GSTM isoforms were found to be potent, sequence-specific, and RNase H-dependent inhibitors of protein expression. The IC50 value of the most potent ODN was approximately 100 nM. Antisense ODNs targeted against regions that were predicted by STAR to be predominantly single stranded were more potent than antisense ODNs against double-stranded regions. Such a correlation was not found for the Mfold prediction. Our data suggest that simulation of the local folding of RNA facilitates the discovery of potent antisense sequences. In conclusion, we selected several promising antisense sequences, which, when synthesized as biologically stable oligonucleotides, can be applied for study of the physiological impact of reduced GSTM expression.

Keywords

carcinogenesisgenetic polymorphismin vitro translationRNA accessible sitesRNA foldingRNase H
Type
METHOD
Information
RNA , Volume 8 , Issue 12 , December 2002 , pp. 1572 - 1583
Copyright
2002 RNA Society

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