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Passive and dynamic gait measures for biped mechanism: formulation and simulation analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 October 2012

Carlotta Mummolo  and
Joo H. Kim
Carlotta Mummolo
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of New York University (NYU-Poly), Brooklyn, New York, USA Department of Mechanical and Management Engineering, Polytechnic of Bari, Bari, Italy
Joo H. Kim*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of New York University (NYU-Poly), Brooklyn, New York, USA
*
*Corresponding Author. E-mail: jhkim@poly.edu
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Summary

Understanding and mimicking human gait is essential for design and control of biped walking robots. The unique characteristics of normal human gait are described as passive dynamic walking, whereas general human gait is neither completely passive nor always dynamic. To study various walking motions, it is important to quantify the different levels of passivity and dynamicity, which have not been addressed in the current literature. In this paper, we introduce the initial formulations of Passive Gait Measure (PGM) and Dynamic Gait Measure (DGM) that quantify passivity and dynamicity, respectively, of a given biped walking motion, and the proposed formulations will be demonstrated for proof-of-concepts using gait simulation and analysis. The PGM is associated with the optimality of natural human walking, where the passivity weight functions are proposed and incorporated in the minimization of physiologically inspired weighted actuator torques. The PGM then measures the relative contribution of the stance ankle actuation. The DGM is associated with the gait stability, and quantifies the effects of inertia in terms of the Zero-Moment Point and the ground projection of center of mass. In addition, the DGM takes into account the stance foot dimension and the relative threshold between static and dynamic walking. As examples, both human-like and robotic walking motions during single support phase are generated for a planar biped system using the passivity weights and proper gait parameters. The calculated PGM values show more passive nature of human-like walking as compared with the robotic walking. The DGM results verify the dynamic nature of normal human walking with anthropomorphic foot dimension. In general, the DGMs for human-like walking are greater than those for robotic walking. The resulting DGMs also demonstrate their dependence on the stance foot dimension as well as the walking motion; for a given walking motion, smaller foot dimension results in increased dynamicity. Future work on experimental validation and demonstration will involve actual walking robots and human subjects. The proposed results will benefit the human gait studies and the development of walking robots.

Keywords

Biped systemDynamic gait measure (DGM)OptimizationPassive dynamic walkingPassive gait measure (PGM)Passivity weightStabilityStatic walkingZero-moment point (ZMP)
Type
Articles
Information
Robotica , Volume 31 , Issue 4 , July 2013 , pp. 555 - 572
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012 

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