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ACCOUNTS OF MAJOR JOHN HALFORD, 1640–1641

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 November 2024

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Royal Historical Society Camden Fifth Series , Volume 68: THE HOUSEHOLD ACCOUNTS OF ROBERT AND KATHERINE GREVILLE, LORD AND LADY BROOKE, AT HOLBORN AND WARWICK, 1640–1649 , December 2024 , pp. 35 - 120
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal Historical Society

Figure 3. Bird's Eye View of Warwick, 1654, by Wenceslaus Hollar, RCIN 802944. The Royal Collection Trust / © His Majesty King Charles III 2023.

[Front cover]

Major John Halford'sFootnote 1 Accounts from Midsummer 1640 to Midsummer 1641

[p. 1]

Midsummer 1640. Receipts

[p. 2]

Receipts

[p. 3]

Receipts

[p. 4]

Receipts

[p. 5]

Receipts

1004-14-03

2243-03-00

385-19-06

52-16-06

20-12-04

3707-07-07

[p. 6]

[Blank]

[p. 7]

Midsummer 1640. Diet

[p. 8]

Diet

[p. 9]

Diet

22-6-01

[p. 10]

Diet

Brooke House

[p. 11]

Diet

[p. 12]

Diet

[p. 13]

197-00-10

99-13-08

44-18-02

181-07-08½

277-01-10½

218-18-04

Diet     1019-00-07ex

[p. 14]

Diet

[p. 15]

Diet

12-14-00

03-06-04

Board wages 16-00-04ex

[p. 16]

Reparations

[p. 17]

Repairs

47-01-02

23-08-05

Repairs    70-09-07ex

[p. 18]

Necessaries

[p. 19]

Necessaries

[p. 20]

Necessaries

[p. 21]

Necessaries

[p. 22]

Necessaries

[p. 23]

Necessaries

[p. 24]

Necessaries

[p. 25]

Necessaries

[p. 26]

Necessaries

[p. 27]

Necessaries

[p. 28]

Necessaries

[p. 29]

Necessaries

[p. 30]

Necessaries

[p. 31]

Necessaries

[p. 32]

[p. 33]

37-15-06

22-10-10

41-04-00

08-18-06

39-15-08

07-04-11

31-12-08

15-19-08

06-00-04½

38-11-10½

10-19-08

29-06-00

11-16-10

06-02-03

03-00-07

Necessaries: 310-19-04ex

[p. 34]

Midsummer 1640, Garden charge

[p. 35]

Garden charge

Brooke House

[p. 36]

Garden

[p. 37]

Garden charge

[p. 38]

Garden charge

26-16-09

17-15-03½

28-18-04

13-01-06

04-03-09

Garden  90-15-07½ex

[p. 39]

Midsummer 1640. Stables

[p. 40]

Stables

[p. 41]

Stables

[p. 42]

32-06-08½

49-12-03

220-18-02

Stables 302-17-01½ ex

[p. 43]

Midsummer 1640. Husbandry

[p. 44]

Travelling charges

[p. 45]

Travelling charges

[p. 46]

Travelling charges

[p. 47]

Travelling charges

[p. 48]

Travelling charges

[p. 49]

Travelling charges

10-10-05

55-17-07

12-18-01

07-03-08

05-03-05

03-00-00

Travel Charges:  94-13-02ex

[p. 50]

Portage

[p. 51]

Portage

29-08-04

06-00-03

Portage     35-08-07ex

[p. 52]

Wages

[p. 53]

Wages

[p. 54]

Wages

[p. 55]

Wages

[p. 56]

50-07-02

78-13-00

76-02-08

86-02-06

291-05-04ex

20-00-00

311-05-04ex

[p. 57]

Midsummer 1640. Annuities, Rents & Taxes

311-05-04ex

[p. 58]

Annuities, Rents & Taxes

311-05-04ex

[p. 59]

Annuities, Rents & Taxes

31-14-06

90-19-08

215-10-00

Rents: Taxes:   338-04-02ex

311-05-04ex

[p. 60]

Gifts

311-05-04ex

[p. 61]

Gifts

311-05-04ex

[p. 62]

Gifts

311-05-04ex

[p. 63]

Gifts

311-05-04ex

[p. 64]

Gifts

311-05-04ex

[p. 65]

Gifts

[p. 66]

13-05-00

22-06-10

06-15-00

48-08-00

06-16-06

45-15-11

Gifts   143-07-03 ex

311-05-04ex

[p. 67]

Foreign payments

311-05-04ex

[p. 68]

Children & liveries

05-10-04

311-05-04ex

[p. 69]

Children & liveries

311-05-04ex

[p. 70]

Children & liveries

05-10-04

18-19-06

54-01-01

78-10-11ex

311-05-04ex

[p. 71]

Household furniture

12-00-00

27-10-00

29-05-00

24-00-00

00-01-00

06-11-00

18-15-00

20-02-00

[p. 72]

Apparel

311-05-04ex

[p. 73]

Apparel

311-05-04ex

[p. 74]

Apparel

311-05-04ex

[p. 75]

Apparel

15-04-06

18-08-09

25-12-03

98-09-02

Apparel   157-14-08ex

311-05-04ex

[p. 76]

Moneys to my Lord

[p. 77]

Moneys to my Lady

[p. 78]

Debts

[p. 79]

[Blank]

[p. 80]

The accountant's discharge by the several disbursements under the titles following (vizt)

[p. 81]

Major John Halford's account wherewith he chargeth himself for one year's receipt ending at Midsummer 1641.

William Bridges, 10 June 1648

[p. 82]

This is a true copy of the original book remaining in Major John Halford's hands, examined 11 July 1648, by us William Bridges, Francis BridgesFootnote 195

References

1 For John Halford, see App. 4.

2 For Henry Hunt, see App. 4.

3 For William Halford, see App. 4.

4 For John Fisher, see App. 4.

5 For Richard Cross, see App. 4.

6 For Joseph Hawksworth, see App. 4.

7 Clardon is probably Claverdon, 4 miles west of Warwick: EPNS Warwickshire, 206.

8 For William Bridges, see App. 4.

9 For George Sadeskey or Sedascue, see App. 4.

10 For Charles Johnson, see App. 4.

11 For William Jessop, see App. 4.

12 Indigo was a dye and a commodity widespread in the Spanish Caribbean, taken as a prize here by an English privateer: OED; we are grateful to Richard Blakemore for this information.

13 For Godfrey Bosvile, see App. 4.

14 For John Wescott, see App. 4.

15 For Charles Worthington, see App. 4.

16 For Thomas Terrill, see App. 4.

17 For Francis Edes / Eades, see App. 4.

18 Bartholomew Heath was a Greville tenant at Wedgnock, in Warwick.

19 For Thomas Fish, see App. 4.

20 Burr: siliceous rock capable of being employed for millstones; whetstone: OED.

21 For Richard Roe, see App. 4.

22 Strike: a denomination of dry measure, often identical to the bushel: OED.

23 Constantine Heath was a servant of the Grevilles, paid £8 p.a.

24 Edward Rainsford (the younger), son of the deputy recorder of Warwick.

25 This was the more rural location of Brooke House, Hackney.

26 For Dorothy, Lady Haselrig, sister to Robert, 2nd Lord Brooke see App. 4.

27 For Sir Greville Verney, see App. 4.

28 Beeves: beef carcasses: OED, beef 3a.

29 Barm: a fermenting agent; yeast: OED.

30 Sweetmeats: food such as sugared cakes or pastries, preserved or candied fruits, sugared nuts: OED.

31 Rundlet: a cask or vessel of carrying capacity: OED.

32 Bedford House, the London seat of Lord Brooke's father-in-law the earl of Bedford, was on the Strand, ¾ mile south-west of Brooke House.

33 Sallet: an early variant spelling of salad: OED.

34 Woburn, Bedfordshire, was rebuilt by Inigo Jones in the 1630s. It became the seat of Katherine, Lady Brooke's parents, Francis Russell, 4th earl of Bedford and his wife, Catherine.

35 Kilderkin: a cask for liquids, fish etc. of a definite capacity (half a barrel): OED.

36 Pottle: a pot, tankard, or similar container: OED.

37 For Thomas Hinde, see App. 4.

38 Meaning of contraction unknown.

39 Lamp-black: a pigment consisting of almost pure carbon in a state of fine division; made by collecting the soot produced by burning oil: OED.

40 Hod: an open receptacle for carrying mortar: OED.

41 For Anne Fisher, see App. 4.

42 Tartar: probably cream of tartar being used as a cleaning agent: OED.

43 For Robert Greville, see App. 4.

44 For Francis Greville, see App. 4.

45 Wedgnock was the site of Lord Brooke's deer park in St Mary's parish, Warwick: EPNS Warwickshire, 263.

46 Beadle: an inferior parish officer appointed by the vestry to keep order in church, punish petty offenders, and act as the servitor or messenger of the parish generally: OED.

47 The election of Brooke's half-brother, Godfrey Bosvile to the Long Parliament as MP for the borough of Warwick.

48 Peel: a pole with a broad flat disc at one end, used to place loaves in an oven: OED.

49 For Simeon Ashe, see App. 4.

50 For George Medley, see App. 4.

51 The election of knights of the shire as MPs for the county elections in Warwickshire to the Long Parliament.

52 Jarsey, variant of jersey: wool which has been combed and is ready for spinning: OED.

53 Worsted: a fabric made from closely twisted yarn spun from long-staple wool: OED.

54 For Hannah, wife of Thomas Dugard, see App. 4.

55 Loo-bell: a bell used in trapping birds, usually at night: OED.

56 Expenses for the election of Godfrey Bosvile to the Long Parliament as MP for the borough of Warwick.

57 Possibly hunting with a loo-bell (see note above).

58 Battledore: a wooden paddle-shaped implement formerly used in washing clothes for beating and stirring: OED.

59 The Royal Exchange at Cornhill, in the City of London.

60 Suiting: to make something for a purpose: OED.

61 Elizabeth Cavendish, née Cecil (1620–1689), wife of future royalist exile, William Cavendish, 3rd earl of Devonshire.

62 Arnde: to journey on horseback: OED.

63 Reference to Charles I and his soap monopoly.

64 Broken Wharf sits on the north bank of the River Thames, directly south of St Paul's Cathedral.

65 Comfits: a sweetmeat made of some fruit, root etc., preserved with sugar; a small round mass of sugar enclosing a caraway seed or almond: OED.

66 Orris: the orris root used in perfumery and medicine: OED.

67 This entry suggests that Charles I's suspicions that Lord Brooke was plotting with the Scots Covenanters in the spring of 1641 were correct.

68 Children's dolls.

69 The London residence, also in Holborn, of the prominent opposition peer, Robert Rich, earl of Warwick.

70 Baize: a coarse woollen stuff used for linings, coverings and curtains: OED.

71 Syllabub: a drink or dish made of milk or cream, curdled by the admixture of wine or cider, and often sweetened and flavoured: OED.

72 Formerly a private hunting space, there was greater public access allowed to Hyde Park as a place of recreation during the reign of Charles I.

73 John Dillingham, see App. 4.

74 Snuffer: an instrument used for snuffing, or snuffing out candles: OED.

75 For Edward Greville, see App. 4.

76 Ivy Bridge stood on the north bank of the Thames next to Salisbury House, off the Strand. With thanks to Charlotte Young.

77 Reference to the execution of Thomas Wentworth, earl of Strafford, on Tower Hill on 12 May 1641.

78 For Lady Diana Russell, see App. 4.

79 Home of William Russell, earl of Bedford and his wife, Lady Anne Carr, daughter of Frances Howard and Robert Carr, earl of Somerset, and childhood home of Katherine, Lady Brooke.

80 Carduus Benedictus: a form of medicinal water made from thistles: OED.

81 Maidenhair: a type of fern, used in medicine: OED.

82 See respasses on p. 345 (also respes here below); see OED under respesses: raspberries.

83 For Mary Terrill, see App. 4.

84 Alkermes: dried bodies of insects used in dyes and medicines: OED.

85 Cordials.

86 Mithridate: a paste or syrup used for medical purposes: OED.

87 Powder blue: a powdered smalt to wash clothes: OED.

88 Besom: a broom: OED.

89 Jackline: various types of thin rope or line, used for a particular purpose: OED.

90 Noggin: a small drinking vessel, mug, cup or ladle: OED.

91 Probably tobacco grown on the Varina plantation in Virginia, in the style of Spanish American tobacco.

92 Surcingle: a girth for a horse: OED.

93 Sumpter: a packhorse: OED.

94 Dingle: a deep dell or hollow, closely wooded or shaded with trees: OED.

95 John Overton was a senior servant in the household. He had a chamber in Brooke House, Holborn in 1643, and he was left 20 marks p.a. in Robert, 2nd Lord Brooke's will.

96 Slipp: slip: a cutting from a plant: OED.

97 Patica: hepatica or liverwort: OED.

98 Osiers: any of several willows with tough pliant branches, often used in basketwork: OED.

99 Identity unclear.

100 Cypress and lilac trees.

101 Snead: the shaft or pole of a scythe: OED.

102 Awl: a small tool, having a slender, cylindrical, tapering, sharp-pointed blade, with which holes may be pierced: OED.

103 A parish in south Gloucestershire, 4 miles from Chipping Sodbury.

104 Mash: a mixture of ground malt and hot water, which is left to stand until the sugars from the malt dissolve to form wort: OED.

105 Probably Frances Cecil, countess of Exeter, who was widowed in 1623 and thereafter resided in Fulham and Parsons Green: ODNB.

106 For Peter Sterry, see App. 4.

107 Noseley in east Leicestershire, the seat of Lord Brooke's brother-in-law, Sir Arthur Haselrig.

108 Stratton Audley, 3 miles from Bicester, in Oxfordshire.

109 Broughton Castle, near Banbury, Oxfordshire, was the residence of Lord Brooke's friend and ally, William Fiennes, Viscount Saye and Sele.

110 Drayton Bassett, 3 miles south of Tamworth in Warwickshire.

111 For Francis Leigh, Lord Dunsmore, see App. 4.

112 For Gualter Frost, see App. 4.

113 This was probably in connection with Brooke's presence in Yorkshire on a commission to treat with the Scots Covenanters at Ripon.

114 Greatworth, a village near Brackley in the south of Northamptonshire.

115 For William Bosvile, see App. 4.

116 Thomas Wriothesley, 4th earl of Southampton voted against the earl of Strafford's attainder in 1641 and became a royalist in 1642, although he remained committed to a negotiated settlement: ODNB.

117 Elizabeth Fiennes, daughter of Sir John Elliot who died a prisoner in the Tower of London in 1632, and who married Nathaniel Fiennes, MP, second son of Brooke's ally, William Fiennes, Viscount Saye and Sele: ODNB.

118 For John, 2nd Lord Robartes of Truro, see App. 4.

119 Most likely Philip, Lord Herbert, later 5th earl of Pembroke.

120 John, Lord Finch was the Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, requested by Charles I to prepare the earl of Strafford's defence, but he fled to the Netherlands in December 1640: ODNB.

121 This was the funeral of Lord Brooke's father-in-law, Francis Russell, earl of Bedford, at Chenies in Buckinghamshire in May 1641.

122 Ostler: a man who attends to horses at an inn, a stableman: OED.

123 Mr Unett Harcourt is present in the Vestry Minutes of St Andrew Holborn in April 1644 and so the annuity paid to Mr Harcourt, might be to him as a curate or lecturer: London Metropolitan Archives, P82/AND/B/001, St Andrew's Holborn, vestry minutes, 1624–1797, p. 51.

124 William Cecil, 2nd earl of Salisbury was a political moderate who offered the opposition Junto limited support in 1641 but sought to avoid alignment thereafter and did not commit himself to either side: ODNB.

125 Waltham Holy Cross, Essex, seat of James Hay, earl of Carlisle, husband to Lady Margaret Russell.

126 Mansion in Bloomsbury, London, and the residence of Thomas Wriothesley, 4th earl of Southampton.

127 Carman: a carter or carrier: OED.

128 Possibly a black servant: see https://www.ourwarwickshire.org.uk/content/article/oranges-lemons-greville-gardens-portraits-part-one (accessed 12 September 2024) for a portrait thought to be of Robert or Francis Greville with a black servant.

129 The lower parish in Warwick was St Nicholas's parish.

130 For Thomas Dugard, see App. 4.

131 Bishops Tachbrook, a parish 3 miles south-east of Warwick.

132 Chevage or cheifage: an annual payment due to a feudal lord: OED.

133 Brittain Lane is a mile east of Warwick Castle on the south side of Myton Road.

134 Richard Loseby was probably the puritan minister ordained in 1623, but without a living until 1647 and ejected from a Warwickshire living in 1662: Matthews, A.G. (ed.), Calamy Revised: Being a Revision of Edmund Calamy's Account of the Ministers and Others Ejected and Silenced, 1660–2 (Oxford, 1988), 328Google Scholar.

135 The upper parish in Warwick was St Mary's parish.

136 For Dr Isaac Dorislaus, see App. 4.

137 Leonard Lechford was preacher in the parish of St Andrew's Holborn in 1639–40: CCEd.

138 A poll tax was imposed by Parliament in June 1641. It ranged from £100 for noblemen down to 6d for everyone over the age of sixteen years not in receipt of alms. It was intended to pay off the Scots Army of the Covenant to end their occupation of England's northern counties: Russell, Conrad, ‘England's Last Poll Tax’, History Today, 37:10 (1987), 9–11Google Scholar. Middlesex raised £4,700 by 24 August 1641: CJ, II, 269.

139 Edson was Edstone, a hamlet in Wootton Wawen parish: EPNS Warwickshire, 243.

140 Beauchamp Court, in the parish of Alcester: EPNS Warwickshire, 194.

141 For William Greville, see App. 4.

142 The wife of Peter Burgoyne of Coventry, gentleman.

143 Oboe: hautboy: a wooden double-reed wind instrument of high pitch: OED.

144 For Henry Darley, see App. 4.

145 Wroxall, a parish 6 miles north-west of Warwick: EPNS Warwickshire, 229.

146 Possibly Haseley: EPNS Warwickshire, 210.

147 Sir Richard Skeffington was a Warwickshire JP and active on the parliamentarian county committee in Coventry during the 1640s. He also held land in Staffordshire, for which county he was elected recruiter MP in 1646: Hughes thesis, 208, 224, 295.

148 For Sir Thomas Lucy, see App. 4.

149 John Hales of White Friars, Coventry, esq., a leading county committeeman during the civil war: Hughes thesis, 32, 224.

150 Probably Joan, wife of William Purefoy of Caldecote, Warwickshire, esq.

151 William Combe of Stratford, alongside Sir Francis Nethersole the failed candidate for the Long Parliament by election. Later a moderate parliamentarian in the administration of Warwickshire: Hughes.

152 Robert Phippes of Coventry, physician, was commissioned a captain by Lord Brooke in 1642: Hughes thesis, 260, 306, 329.

153 The lower parish in Warwick was St Nicholas's parish.

154 Monsieur St Giles was a French theologian in exile favoured by Brooke: Hughes, Ann, ‘Thomas Dugard and his circle in the 1630s: A “Parliamentary–Puritan” connexion?’, Historical Journal, 29:4 (1986), 776Google Scholar.

155 William Craven, earl of Craven, was a favourite of Elizabeth, queen of Bohemia with whom he spent much of the Civil War years at the Hague: ODNB

156 For Catherine Russell, countess of Bedford, see App. 4.

157 For Sir Peter Temple, see App. 4.

158 The Mews stood on the north side of Charing Cross.

159 The Scotch commissioners were lodged in a house owned by the city corporation, that adjoined St Antholin's church, which they were granted as a base for preaching and worship: Macray, William Dunn (ed.), History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England Begun in the Year 1641 by Edward, Earl of Clarendon, 6 vols (Oxford, 1888), I, 251Google Scholar.

160 Mountjoy Blount, earl of Newport (c.1597–1666), associated with the earl of Bedford in 1641 but arrested for royalism in 1643: ODNB.

161 Essex, Lady Bevill, who married Edward Montagu, then Viscount Mandeville, in 1642.

162 Henry Somerset, 1st marquess of Worcester (1577–1646) was a leading Roman Catholic royalist, and titular commander of the royalist garrison in Raglan Castle, Monmouthshire, dying in prison soon after Raglan surrendered.

163 Sir Arthur Ingram (d.1642) was MP for Windsor and Callington in the Short and Long Parliaments. His third wife was Mary, daughter of Sir Edward Greville of Milcote, Warwickshire: ODNB.

164 Sir Walter Roberts, 2nd Baronet of Glassenbury in Kent: Cokayne, G.E., Complete Baronetage (Exeter, 1900), I, 151Google Scholar.

165 For William Fiennes, Viscount Saye and Sele, see App. 4.

166 James, later duke of Hamilton was on very good terms with the opposition peers in early 1641, sponsoring ‘bridge appointments’ to the Privy Council, including the earl of Bedford, and Viscount Saye and Sele: ODNB.

167 For Anne, Lady Digby, née Lady Anne Russell, see App. 4.

168 Possibly a scribal error for Dillingham.

169 For James Hay, earl of Carlisle, see App. 4.

170 Thomas Wentworth, earl of Strafford (1593–1641), was voted guilty of treason by Bill of Attainder, and beheaded on Tower Hill by order of the Long Parliament on 12 May 1641: ODNB.

171 Pouldron: a piece of plate armour covering the shoulder: OED.

172 These payments for military hardware suggest that Brooke was increasing his security arrangements around the time of Strafford's execution.

173 Cartouche: a roll or case of paper, parchment, etc., containing the charge of powder and shot for a gun or pistol; a cartridge: OED.

174 Blunderbuss: a short gun with a large bore, firing many balls or slugs, and capable of doing execution within a limited range without exact aim: OED.

175 Fire cane: ‘a cane used to light a fire by friction’, or, ‘a long pole tipped with a flammable substance and set alight, used to set fire to enemy vessels’: OED.

176 Nathaniel Browne, a nephew of Sir Nathaniel Rich, who accompanied John Halford on a voyage to Virginia and New England in 1634–1635: Kupperman, Karen Ordahl, Providence Island: The Other Puritan Colony 1630–1641 (Cambridge, 1995), 331Google Scholar.

177 Robert Greville (1638–1677), see App. 4.

178 Linsey-woolsey: a textile woven from coarse wool and flax: OED.

179 Around 30 April 1641, Katherine Lady Brooke discovered some red spots on the skin of her father, Francis Russell, earl of Bedford. Francis had the family evacuated and he died from smallpox on 9 May 1641: Adamson, Noble Revolt, 275.

180 Lockram: a linen fabric used for clothing and household items: OED.

181 Expenses for mourning attire for the household to attend Bedford's funeral at Chenies in Buckinghamshire.

182 Serge: a durable woollen fabric: OED.

183 Perpetuana: a durable woollen fabric widely made and used in England during the 17th and 18th centuries: OED.

184 Civet: a yellowish or brownish unctuous substance, having a strong musky smell, obtained from sacs or glands in the anal pouch of several animals of the Civet genus, especially of the African Civet-cat … used in perfumery: OED.

185 Cullor: to impregnate with colour: OED.

186 Galoshes or ‘goloschooes’: over-shoes worn to protect the ordinary shoe or boot from wet or dirt: OED.

187 Holland: a linen fabric from the province of Holland in the Netherlands: OED.

188 Possibly in connection to the death of Lord Brooke's father-in-law, the earl of Bedford, on 9 May 1641.

189 Busk: a type of linen Holland cloth: OED.

190 This was for the death of Katherine, Lady Brooke's father, the earl of Bedford, on 9 May 1641.

191 Tinning: to coat or plate with tin: OED.

192 Gorget: in this context an item of female attire covering the neck and breast, or an ornament for the neck: OED.

193 John, Lord Poulett, of Hinton St George in Somerset became a royalist commander in the Civil War: ODNB.

194 For John Bridges (the elder), see App. 4.

195 For Francis Bridges, see App. 4.

Figure 0

Figure 3. Bird's Eye View of Warwick, 1654, by Wenceslaus Hollar, RCIN 802944. The Royal Collection Trust / © His Majesty King Charles III 2023.