No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
Liturgical Polyphony in the Pre-Reformation English Parish Church: A Provisional List and Commentary
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 January 2020
Extract
The great majority of late-medieval lay people encountered the Universal Church most directly, and in some cases exclusively, through their local parish church. The parish has therefore been at the heart of research into lay piety, as witnessed in a range of detailed studies of pre-Reformation beliefs, rituals, rites of passage, clergy, episcopal oversight, parochial administration and social organization. Until recently, however, the ‘soundscape’ of the pre-Reformation parish has received less exhaustive attention, perhaps because the parish has been seen as peripheral or subordinate to the mainstream of musicological research (few first-rank composers are known to have worked within English parish churches), but also because the documentary sources are more disparate and often less complete and informative than the archives of more superficially prestigious institutions. Nevertheless, if the widespread cultivation of polyphonic singing within divine worship was one of the seminal cultural achievements of late-medieval England, what contribution did the parish make towards this revolution? How many parishes maintained polyphonic choirs? What role did the laity play in promoting liturgical polyphony? And what might such initiatives reveal concerning lay attitudes towards liturgical music? Studies of Bristol, London, Louth, Ludlow and York have highlighted the potential of the parish as a focus for musicological research, and have begun to answer some of these questions. The following handlist, an earlier form of which was prepared for the 2002 Harlaxton Medieval Symposium, is intended to serve as a springboard for further research in this field. Although neither complete nor definitive, its aims are to bring together, as comprehensively as possible, the available evidence concerning the singing of liturgical polyphony before 1559, and to provide an overview of the contextual factors which have informed the underlying methodology: to this end, the list itself is preceded by an extended commentary.
- Type
- Articles
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © Royal Musical Association, 2005
Footnotes
1
I should like to thank Dr Clive Burgess, Mr Dominic Gwynn, Prof. John Harper, Miss Joan Jeffery and the anonymous reader of this article, for their helpful comments and suggestions.
Bibliographical citations are given in abbreviated form throughout the text: a full bibliography can be found below at pp. 17–22. RISM sigla are used throughout, where available, to indicate libraries and archives. The following generic bibliographical abbreviations have been used:
HMC Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts (established 1869): reports and appendices
NG The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 2nd edn, ed. Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell, 29 vols. (London, 2001)
Valor Valor Ecclesiasticus Temp. Henry VIII Auctoritate Regia Institutus, 6 vols. (London, 1810–34)
VCH The Victoria History of the Counties of England (1900–)
References
Bibliography
1. Parish Records, Published and UnpublishedGoogle Scholar
Ashburton Churchwardens’ Accounts of Ashburton, 1479–1580, ed. Hanham, Alison, Devon and Cornwall Record Society, new series 15 (1970)Google Scholar
Banwell Somerset Record Office, D/P/ban/4/1/1 (unfoliated)Google Scholar
Bethersden Churchwardens’ Accounts at Betrysden, 1515–1573, ed. Mercer, F.R., Kent Records, 5 (1928)Google Scholar
Bishops Stortford The Early Churchwardens’ Accounts of Bishops Stortford, 1431–1558, ed. Doree, S.G., Hertfordshire Record Society Publications, 10 (1994)Google Scholar
Bristol AS 1 The Pre-Reformation Records of All Saints’, Bristol, I: The All Saints’ Church Book, ed. Burgess, Clive, Bristol Record Society, 46 (1995)Google Scholar
Bristol AS 2 The Pre-Reformation Records of All Saints’ Church, Bristol, II: The Churchwardens’ Accounts, ed. Burgess, Clive, Bristol Record Society, 53 (Bristol, 2000)Google Scholar
Bristol AS 3 The Pre-Reformation Records of All Saints’ Church, Bristol, III: Wills, The Halleway Chantry Records and Deeds, ed. Burgess, Clive, Bristol Record Society, 56 (Bristol, 2004)Google Scholar
Bristol CC Bristol Record Office, P/Xch/ChW/1(a)Google Scholar
Bristol MR Bristol Record Office, P/StMR/ChW/1gGoogle Scholar
Bristol SE The Church Book of St Ewen's, Bristol, 1454–1584, ed. Masters, B.R. and Ralph, E., Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society Records Section, 6 (1967)Google Scholar
Bristol SJ Bristol Record Office, P/StJB/ChW/1(b)Google Scholar
Cambridge HT Cambridge Record Office, P22/5/1Google Scholar
Cambridge SM Churchwardens’ Accounts of St Mary the Great in Cambridge from 1504 to 1635, ed. Foster, J.E., Cambridge Antiquarian Society, octavo series, 35 (1905)Google Scholar
Canterbury SA ‘Churchwardens’ Accounts of the Parish of St Andrew, Canterbury, from A.D. 1485 to A.D. 1625’, ed. Cotton, C., Archaeologia Cantiana, 32–4 (1917–20)Google Scholar
Canterbury SD ‘Accounts of the Churchwardens of St Dunstan's, Canterbury, A.D. 1484–1580’, ed. Cowper, J., Archaeologia Cantiana, 16 (1886–7)Google Scholar
Dartmouth Dartmouth, I: Pre-Reformation, ed. Watkin, H. R., Parochial Histories of Devonshire, 5 (n.p., 1935)Google Scholar
Denham Norfolk Record Office, PD 136/56Google Scholar
Lambeth Lambeth Churchwardens’ Accounts, 1504–1645, and Vestry Book, 1610, 1, ed. Drew, Charles, Surrey Record Society, 40 (1941)Google Scholar
Leverington Wisbech and Fenland Museum, Wisbech, LEV/CA/1Google Scholar
London AH The Church Records of St Andrew Hubbard, Eastcheap, c.1450–c.1570, ed. Burgess, Clive, London Record Society, 34 (1999)Google Scholar
London DW London, Guildhall Library, MS 2968/1Google Scholar
London MC The Accounts of the Churchwardens of the Parish of St. Michael, Cornhill, in the City of London from 1456 to 1608, ed. Overall, W.H. (London, 1869)Google Scholar
London MM London, Guildhall Library, MS 3476/1Google Scholar
London MWn Guildhall, MS 1002AGoogle Scholar
London NS London, St Bartholomew's Hospital, MS SNC 1Google Scholar
London SW London, Guildhall Library, MS 3103Google Scholar
Louth 1 The First Churchwardens’ Book of Louth, 1500–1524, ed. Duddine, R.C. (Oxford 1941)Google Scholar
Louth 2 Lincolnshire Archives, Louth, St James Parish 7/2Google Scholar
Ludlow Churchwardens’ Accounts of the Town of Ludlow in Shropshire from 1540 to the End of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, ed. Wright, Thomas, Camden Society, original series 102 (London, 1869)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mildenhall Suffolk Record Office, EL 110/5/3Google Scholar
Oxford SM Oxfordshire County Record, MS D. D. Par. Oxford, St Martin's, a. 1Google Scholar
Pilton Church-Wardens’ Accounts of Croscombe, Pilton, Yatton, Tintinhull, Morebath, and St Michael's, Bath, Ranging from AD 1349 to 1560, ed. Hobhouse, Bishop E. (London, 1890)Google Scholar
Reading SG Berkshire Record Office, D/P 96/5/1Google Scholar
Rye East Sussex Record Office, Rye MS 147/1Google Scholar
Salisbury SE Churchwardens’ Accounts of S. Edmund & S. Thomas, Sarum, 1443–1702, ed. Swayne, H.J.F., Wiltshire Record Society, 1 (1896)Google Scholar
Salisbury ST Churchwardens’ Accounts of S. Edmund & S. Thomas, Sarum, 1443–1702, ed. Swayne, H.J.F., Wiltshire Record Society, 1 (1896)Google Scholar
Sherborne ‘Sherborne All Hallows Church Wardens’ Accounts’, ed. Fowler, J., Notes & Queries for Somerset & Dorset, 24 (1943–6)Google Scholar
Peacock, Stratton Edward, ‘On the Churchwardens’ Accounts of the Parish of Stratton, in the County of Cornwall’, Archaeologia, 46 (1880)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thame Extracts from the Accounts of the Proctors and Stewards of the Prebendal Church of the Blessed Virgin of Thame, ed. Lupton, H. (Thame, 1852)Google Scholar
Tilney AS The Transcript of the Churchwardens’ Accounts of the Parish of Tilney All Saints, Norfolk, 1443 to 1589, ed. Stallard, A.D. (London, 1922)Google Scholar
Tintinhull See CWA PiltonGoogle Scholar
Walberswick Walberswick Churchwardens’ Accounts, A.D. 1450–1499, ed. Lewis, R.W.M. (London, 1947)Google Scholar
Walsall ‘The Walsall Church-Wardens’ Accounts’, ed. Mander, G., Collections for a History of Staffordshire, 52 (1928)Google Scholar
Worcester MB The Churchwardens’ Accounts of St Michael's in Bedwardine, Worcester, from 1539 to 1603, ed. Amphlett, J., Worcestershire Historical Society (Oxford, 1896)Google Scholar
Yeovil Somerset Record Office, D/P/yeo/4/1/6Google Scholar
York SM Churchwardens’ Accounts of St Michael, Spurriergate, York, 1518–1548, ed. Webb, C.C., 2 vols. continuously paginated, Borthwick Texts and Calendars, 20 (York, 1997)Google Scholar
Nottingham The Account Books of the Gilds of St. George and of St. Mary in the Church of St. Peter, Nottingham, ed. Hodgkinson, R.F.B., Thoroton Society Record Series, 7 (1939), 37Google Scholar
Boston 2 Lincolnshire Archives, MS Boston Borough 4/C/l/l (ditto, 1525–6)Google Scholar
Louth Lincolnshire Archives, MS Monson 7/1 (aldermen's accounts, Lady Guild, Louth, 1473–1504)Google Scholar
Warren, Bardwell F.E., ‘Gild of S. Peter in Bardwell’, in Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology, 11 (1903), 81–110Google Scholar
Wisbech Wisbech, Wisbech and Fenland Museum, Holy Trinity Guild Book 1379–1547Google Scholar
2. Other Sources
Ashbee, Andrew, and Lasocki, David: A Biographical Dictionary of English Court Musicians, 1485–1714, 2 vols. (Aldershot, 1998)Google Scholar
Atkins, Ivor: The Early Occupants of the Office of Organist and Master of the Choristers of the Cathedral Church of Christ and the Blessed Virgin Mary, Worcester (London, 1918)Google Scholar
Baillie, Hugh: ‘A London Church in Early Tudor Times’, Music & Letters, 36 (1955), 55–64CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baillie, Hugh: ‘A London Gild of Musicians, 1460–1530’, Proceedings of the Royal Musical Association, 83 (1956/7), 15–28CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baillie, Hugh: ‘London Churches, Their Music and Musicians, 1485–1560’ (Ph.D. dissertation, Cambridge University, 1958)Google Scholar
Baillie, Hugh: ‘Some Biographical Notes on English Church Musicians, Chiefly Working in London (1485–1569)’, Royal Musical Association Research Chronicle, 2 (1962), 18–57Google Scholar
Barnwell, Paul; Cross, Claire, and Rycraft, Ann, eds.: Mass and Parish in Late Medieval England: The Use of York (Reading, 2005)Google Scholar
Barron, Caroline: ‘The Parish Fraternities of Medieval London’, in C. Barron and C. Harper-Bill eds., The Church in Pre-Reformation Society: Essays in Honour of F.RH. DuBoulay (Woodbridge, 1985), 13–37Google Scholar
Blair, John, ed.: Minsters and Parish Churches: the Local Church in Transition (Oxford, 1988)Google Scholar
Blair, John, and Golding, Brian, eds.: The Cloister and the World: Essays in Medieval History in Honour of Barbara Harvey (Oxford, 1996)Google Scholar
Bowers, Roger: ‘Choral Institutions within the English Church: Their Constitution and Development, 1340–1500’ (Ph.D. dissertation, University of East Anglia, 1975)Google Scholar
Bowers, Roger: ‘The Cultivation and Promotion of Music in the Household and Orbit of Thomas Wolsey’, in S.J. Gunn and G. Lindley eds., Cardinal Wolsey: Church, State and Art (Cambridge, 1991) Bowers, Roger: ‘The Almonry Schools of the English Monasteries, c. 1265–1540’, in Benjamin Thompson ed., Monasteries and Society in Medieval Britain, Harlaxton Medieval Studies, 6 (Stamford, 1999)Google Scholar
Bowers, Roger: ‘The Music and Musical Establishment of St George's Chapel in the 15th Century’, in Richmond, Colin and Scarff, Eileen eds., St George's Chapel, Windsor in the Late Middle Ages, Historical Monographs Relating to St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, 17 (Windsor, 2001), 171–214Google Scholar
Bowers, Roger: ‘The Vernacular Litany of 1544 During the Reign of Henry VIII’, in G.W. Bernard and S.J. Gunn eds., Authority and Consent in Tudor England: Essays Presented to C.S.L. Davies (Aldershot, 2002), 151–78Google Scholar
Bowker, Margaret: The Secular Clergy of the Diocese of Lincoln, 1495–1520 (Cambridge, 1968)Google Scholar
Bowker, Margaret: The Henrician Reformation: the Diocese of Lincoln under John Longland, 1521–1547 (Cambridge, 1981)Google Scholar
Brown, Cornelius: A History of Newark-on-Trent, Being the Life Story of an Ancient Town, ii: From the Reign of Edward VI to that of Edward VII (Newark, 1907)Google Scholar
Burgess, Clive: ‘Chantries in Fifteenth-Century Bristol’ (D.Phil. dissertation, Oxford University, 1981)Google Scholar
Burgess, Clive: ‘“For the Increase of Divine Service”: Chantries in the Parish in Late Medieval Bristol’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 36 (1985), 46–65CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgess, Clive: ’ “A Vain Thing Fondly Invented”: An Essay on Purgatory and Pious Motive in Later Medieval England’, in S.J. Wright ed., Parish, Church and People: Local Studies in Lay Religion (London, 1988), 56–84Google Scholar
Burgess, Clive: ‘Shaping the Parish: St Mary at Hill, London, in the Fifteenth Century’, in John Blair and Brian Golding eds., The Cloister and the World: Essays in Medieval History in Honour of Barbara Harvey (Oxford, 1996), 246–86CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgess, Clive: ‘Pre-Reformation Churchwardens’ Accounts and Parish Government: Lessons from London and Bristol’, English Historical Review, 117 (2002), 306–32CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgess, Clive, and Duffy, Eamon, eds.: The Late Medieval English Parish, Harlaxton Medieval Studies, 14 (Donington, forthcoming)Google Scholar
Burgess, Clive, and Wathey, Andrew: ‘Mapping the Soundscape: Church Music in English Towns, 1450–1550’, Early Music History, 19 (2000), 1–46CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christie, James: Some Account of Parish Clerks, More Specially of the Ancient Fraternity (Bretherne and Sisterne) of St. Nicholas, Now Known as the Worshipful Company of Parish Clerks (privately printed, 1893)Google Scholar
Colton, Lisa: ‘Music in Pre-Reformation York: a New Source and Some Thoughts on the York Masses’, Plainsong and Medieval Music, 12 (2003), 71–88CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colton, Lisa: ‘Choral Music in York, 1400–1540’, in Paul Barnwell, Cross, Claire and Ann Rycraft eds., Mass and Parish in Late Medieval England: The Use of York (Reading, 2005), 41–56Google Scholar
Darlington, I.: London Consistory Court Wills, 1492–1547, London Record Society Publications, 3 (1967)Google Scholar
Dillow, Kevin B.: ‘The Social and Ecclesiastical Significance of Church Seating Arrangements and Pew Disputes, 1500–1740’ (D.Phil. dissertation, Oxford University, 1990)Google Scholar
Drew, Charles: Early Parochial Organization: the Origins of the Office of Churchwarden (London, 1954)Google Scholar
Duffy, Eamon: The Stripping of the Altars: Traditional Religion in England, 1400–1580 (New Haven and London, 1992)Google Scholar
Dymond, D., and Paine, C.: The Spoil of Melford Church: the Reformation in a Suffolk Parish (n.p.: Salient Press, 1989)Google Scholar
Farnhill, Ken: ‘Gilds and the Parish Community in Late Medieval East Anglia, c. 1470–1550’ (Ph.D. dissertation, Cambridge University, 1998)Google Scholar
Flynn, Jane: ‘The Education of Choristers in England during the Sixteenth Century’, in John Morehen ed., English Choral Practice, 1400–1650 (Cambridge, 1995), 180–99CrossRefGoogle Scholar
French, Katherine: The People of the Parish: Community Life in a Late Medieval English Diocese (Philadelphia 2000)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
French, Katherine; Gibbs, Gary, and Kümin, Beat, eds.: The Parish in English Life, 1400–1600 (Manchester, 1997)Google Scholar
Freshfield, E.: ‘Some Remarks upon the Book of Records and History of the Parish of St. Stephen, Coleman Street’, Archaeologia, 1 (1887)Google Scholar
Fry, E.A.: ‘Dorset Chantries’, Dorset Natural History & Antiquarian Field Club, 27 (1907)Google Scholar
Graham, R. (and Craib, T.), ed.: The Chantry Certificates for Oxfordshire and the Edwardian Inventories of Church Goods for Oxfordshire, Alcuin Club Collections, 23 (London, 1920)Google Scholar
Haggh, Barbara: ‘Foundations or Institutions? On Bringing the Middle Ages into the History of Medieval Music’, Acta Musicologica, 68 (1996), 87–128CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harper, John: ‘The Organ and the Liturgy of a Late Medieval Parish Church: a Case Study of St Andrew, Ashburton, Devon, 1479–1580’, unpublished paper, London/Oxford, 1997Google Scholar
Harrison, Frank Ll.: ‘The Repertory of an English Parish Church in the Early Sixteenth Century’, in Jozef Robijns et al eds., Renaissance-Muziek, 1400–1600: Donum Natalicium René Bernard Lenaerts (Leuven, 1969), 143–7Google Scholar
Heywood, James, and Wright, Thomas: The Ancient Laws of the Fifteenth Century for King's College, Cambridge, and for the Public School of Eton College (London, 1850)Google Scholar
HMC 5th Report: Fifth Report of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts (London, 1876)Google Scholar
HMC Rutland: The Manuscripts of His Grace the Duke of Rutland, i, HMC 12th Report, Appendix v/1 (London, 1888)Google Scholar
HMC Wells: Calendar of the Manuscripts of the Dean and Chapter of Wells, ii, HMC (London, 1914)Google Scholar
Hope, W.H. St John, ed.: ‘Inventories of the Parish Church of St Peter Mancroft, Norwich’, Norfolk Archaeology, 14 (1901)Google Scholar
Howden, M., ed.: The Register of Richard Fox, Lord Bishop of Durham, 1494–1501, Surtees Society, 147 (1932)Google Scholar
Hoyle, Richard W.: The Pilgrimage of Grace and the Politics of the 1530s (Oxford, 2001)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hutton, Ronald: The Rise and Fall of Merry England: the Ritual Year, 1400–1700 (Oxford, 1994)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
James, N.W., and James, V.A., eds.: The Bede Roll of the Fraternity of St Nicholas, 2 vols., London Record Society, 39 (London, 2004).Google Scholar
Jones, E., ed.: Calendar of Plea and Memoranda Rolls Preserved Among the Archives of the Corporation of the City of London at the Guildhall, A.D. 1458–1482 (Cambridge, 1961)Google Scholar
Jones, Michael K., and Underwood, Malcom G.: The King's Mother: Lady Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby (Cambridge, 1992)Google Scholar
Kerry, Charles: A History of the Municipal Church of St Lawrence, Reading (Reading, 1883)Google Scholar
Kirby, T.F.: Annals of Winchester College from its Foundation in the Year 1382 until the Present Time (London, 1892)Google Scholar
Kisby, Fiona: ‘Music and Musicians of Early Tudor Westminster’, Early Music, 23 (1995), 223–42Google Scholar
Kisby, Fiona: ‘A Mirror of Monarchy: Music and Musicians in the Household of the Lady Margaret Beaufort, Mother of Henry VII’, Early Music History, 16 (1997), 203–34CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kisby, Fiona: ‘Officers and Office-Holding at the English Court: A Study of the Chapel Royal, 1485–1547’, Royal Musical Association Research Chronicle, 32 (1999), 1–62CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kisby, Fiona: ‘Books in London Parish Churches before 1603: Some Preliminary Observations’, in CM. Barron and J. Stratford eds., The Church and Learning in Later Medieval Society: Essays in Honour of R. B. Dobson, Harlaxton Medieval Studies, 11 (Donington, 2002)Google Scholar
Kitching, C.J.: London and Middlesex Chantry Certificate, 1548, London Record Society, 16 (1980)Google Scholar
Knowles, David, and Hadcock, R. Neville: Medieval Religious Houses: England and Wales (London, 1971)Google Scholar
Kreider, Alan: English Chantries: The Road to Dissolution (Cambridge MA and London, 1979)Google Scholar
Kümin, Beat: The Shaping of a Community: the Rise and Reformation in the English Parish, c. 1400–1560 (Aldershot, 1996)Google Scholar
Lee-De Amici, Beth: 'Ad Sustentacionem Fidei Christiani: Sacred Music and Ceremony in Medieval Oxford’ (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 1999)Google Scholar
Legg, John Wickham: The Clerk's Book of 1549, Henry Bradshaw Society, 25 (London, 1903)Google Scholar
Lloyd, Richard: ‘Music at the Parish Church of St Mary at Hill, London’, Early Music, 25 (1997), 221–6CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lloyd, Richard: ‘Provision for Music in the Parish Church in Late Medieval London’ (Ph.D. dissertation, London University, 1999)Google Scholar
Maxwell Lyte, H.C., and Dawes, M.C.B.: The Register of Thomas Bekynton, Bishop of Bath and Wells, 1443–1465, i, Somerset Record Society, 49 (1934), 139Google Scholar
McHardy, A.K., ed.: Clerical Poll-Taxes of the Diocese of Lincoln, 1377–1381, Lincolnshire Record Society, 81 (1992)Google Scholar
Morgan, Nigel: ‘The Scala Coeli Indulgence and the Royal Chapels’, in Benjamin Thompson ed., The Reign of Henry VII, Harlaxton Medieval Studies, 5 (Stamford, 1995), 82–103Google Scholar
Orme, Nicholas: ‘Children and the Church in Medieval England’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 45 (1994), 563–87CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Owen, A.E.B.: ‘The Louth Parish Clerks in 1500: a Missing Leaf of the Churchwardens’ Accounts’, Lincolnshire Architectural and Archaeological Society Reports and Papers, 52/1 [NS 10/1] (Lincoln, 1963), 134–7Google Scholar
Owen, Dorothy M.: Church and Society in Medieval Lincolnshire, History of Lincolnshire, 5 (Lincoln, 1990)Google Scholar
Page, Christopher: ‘An English Motet of the 14th Century in Performance: Two Contemporary Images’, Early Music, 25 (1997), 7–32CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Page, William, ed.: The Certificate of the Commissioners Appointed to Survey the Chantries, Guilds, Hospitals, etc., in the County of York, 2 vols., Surtees Society, 91–2 (1892–5)Google Scholar
Page, William, ed.: The Inventories of Church Goods for the Counties of York, Durham and Northumberland, Surtees Society, 97 (1897)Google Scholar
Peter, Richard, and Peter, Otho: The Histories of Launceston and Dunheved in the County of Cornwall (Plymouth, 1885)Google Scholar
Pounds, Norman: A History of the English Parish: the Culture of Religion from Augustine to Victoria (Cambridge, 1999)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosser, Gervase: ‘Communities of Parish and Guild’, in S.J. Wright ed., Parish, Church and People: Local Studies in Lay Religion (London, 1988) 29–55Google Scholar
Rosser, Gervase: ‘The Guild of St Mary and St John the Baptist, Lichfield: Ordinances of the Late Fourteenth Century’, Collections for a History of Staffordshire, 4th series 13 (1988)Google Scholar
Rosser, Gervase: ‘Going to the Fraternity Feast: Commensality and Social Relations in Late Medieval England’, Journal of British Studies, 33 (1994), 430–46CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salmon, Philip: Electoral Reform at Work: Local Politics and National Parties, 1832–1841 (Woodbridge, 2002)Google Scholar
Salter, Herbert, ed.: A Subsidy Collected in the Diocese of Lincoln in 1526, Oxford Historical Society, 63 (1909)Google Scholar
Shaw, David Gary: The Creation of a Community: the City of Wells in the Middle Ages (Oxford, 1993)Google Scholar
Skinner, David: ‘At the Mynde of Nycholas Ludford: New Light on Ludford from the Churchwardens’ Accounts of St Margaret's, Westminster’, Early Music, 22 (1994), 393–413CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skinner, David, and Williamson, Magnus: Music and Purgatory in Late-Medieval England (forthcoming)Google Scholar
Smith, Alan: ‘Parish Church Musicians in England in the Reign of Elizabeth I (1558–1603): An Annotated Register’, Royal Musical Association Research Chronicle, 4 (1966), 42–82Google Scholar
Stevenson, W.H., and Raine, J., eds.: Records of the Borough of Nottingham, iii: 1485–1547 (London, 1882)Google Scholar
Stapleton, Thomas: The Life and Illustrious Martyrdom of Sir Thomas More, ed. Ernest E. Reynolds and Philip Hallett (London, 1966)Google Scholar
Temperley, Nicholas: The Music of the English Parish Church, 2 vols. (Cambridge, 1979)Google Scholar
Thompson, A. Hamilton, ed.: Visitations in the Diocese of Lincoln, 1517–1531, 3 vols., Lincolnshire Record Society, 33, 35 and 37 (Lincoln, 1940–7)Google Scholar
Thompson, A. Hamilton: ‘English Colleges of Chantry Priests’, Transactions of the Ecclesiological Society, new series 1 (1943), 92–108Google Scholar
Thompson, John A.F.: The Early Tudor Church and Society, 1485–1529 (London and New York, 1993)Google Scholar
Tymms, S., ed.: Wills and Inventories from the Registers of the Commissary of Bury St Edmunds and the Archdeacon of Sudbury, Camden Society, original series 49 (London, 1850)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vallance, Aymer: ‘Cranbrook Church Inventory’, Archaeologia Cantiana, 41 (1929), 57–68Google Scholar
Wathey, Andrew: ‘Lost Books of Polyphony in England: a List to 1500’, Royal Musical Association Research Chronicle, 21 (1988), 1–19CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watkin, Dom Aelred, ed.: Dean Cosyn and Wells Cathedral Miscellanea, Somerset Record Society, 56 (1941)Google Scholar
Weaver, F.W., ed.: Somerset Medieval Wills (Second Series) 1501–1530, with some Somerset Wills Preserved at Lambeth, Somerset Record Society, 19 (1903)Google Scholar
Weaver, F.W., ed.: Somerset Medieval Wills, 1531–1558, Somerset Record Society, 21 (London, 1905)Google Scholar
Williamson, Magnus: ‘The Eton Choirbook: its Institutional and Historical Background’ (D.Phil dissertation, Oxford University, 1997)Google Scholar
Williamson, Magnus: ‘The Role of Religious Guilds in the Cultivation of Ritual Polyphony in England: the Case of Louth, 1450–1550’, in Fiona Kisby ed., Music and Musicians in Renaissance Towns and Cities (Cambridge, 2001), 82–93Google Scholar
Williamson, Magnus: ‘Evangelicalism at Boston, Oxford and Windsor under Henry VIII: John Foxe's Narratives Recontextualized’, in David Loades ed., John Foxe at Home and Abroad (Aldershot, 2004), 31–46Google Scholar
Wilson, J.M., ed.: Accounts of the Priory of Worcester for the year 13–14 Henry VIII, A.D. 1521–2, Worcestershire Historical Society (Oxford, 1907)Google Scholar
Wood-Legh, K.L.: Kentish Visitations of Archbishop William Warham and His Deputies, 1511–1512, Kent Records, 24 (Maidstone, 1984)Google Scholar
Wright, S.J., ed.: Parish, Church and People: Local Studies in Lay Religion (London, 1988)Google Scholar