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Rendering Inuit cancer “visible”: Geography, pathology, and nosology in Arctic cancer research

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 June 2021

Jennifer Fraser
Jennifer Fraser*
Affiliation:
Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology, University of Toronto
*
Email: jenniferlindsey.fraser@mail.utoronto.ca
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Argument

In August of 1977, Australian pathologist David W. Buntine delivered a presentation at the Annual Meeting of the Royal College of Pathologists of Australia in Melbourne, Victoria. In this presentation, he used the diagnostic category of “Eskimoma,” to describe a unique set of salivary gland tumors he had observed over the past five years within Winnipeg’s Health Sciences Center. Only found amongst Inuit patients, these tumors were said to have unique histological, clinical, and epidemiological features and were unlike any other disease category that had ever been encountered before. To understand where this nosological category came from, and its long-term impact, this paper traces the historical trajectory of the “Eskimoma.” In addition to discussing the methods and infrastructures that were essential to making the idea of Inuit cancer “visible,” to the pathologist, the epidemiologist, and to society at large, this paper discusses how Inuit tissue samples obtained, stored, and analyzed in Winnipeg, Manitoba, came to be codified into a new, racially based disease category – one that has guided Canadian and international understandings of circumpolar cancer trends and shaped northern healthcare service delivery for the past sixty years.

Keywords

CancerEpidemiologyClassificationPathologyIndigenous tissueCircumpolar Health
Type
Research Article
Information
Science in Context , Volume 33 , Issue 3 , September 2020 , pp. 195 - 225
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© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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