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Development of a reliable GC-MS method for fatty acid profiling using direct transesterification of minimal quantities of microscopic orchid seeds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 December 2015

Louise Colville ,
Tim R. Marks ,
Hugh W. Pritchard ,
Ceci C. Custódio  and
Nelson B. Machado-Neto
Louise Colville
Affiliation:
Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex, RH17 6TN, UK
Tim R. Marks
Affiliation:
Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex, RH17 6TN, UK
Hugh W. Pritchard
Affiliation:
Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex, RH17 6TN, UK
Ceci C. Custódio
Affiliation:
Agronomy College – UNOESTE, Rodovia Raposo Tavares Km 572, Presidente Prudente SP, Brazil 19067175
Nelson B. Machado-Neto*
Affiliation:
Agronomy College – UNOESTE, Rodovia Raposo Tavares Km 572, Presidente Prudente SP, Brazil 19067175
*
*Correspondence E-mail: nbmneto@unoeste.br
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Abstract

Orchid seeds are among the smallest seeds in nature and they are naturally rich in fatty acids. However, the fatty acid composition of orchid seeds has not been investigated because the sample masses utilized for widely used methods for fatty acid profiling would generally require prohibitively large numbers (i.e. 10,000s) of seeds. The present work aimed to develop a method for fatty acid analysis using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry on small quantities (mg) of seeds. The method was developed using the seeds of two species, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, a temperate terrestrial, and Grammatophyllum speciosum, a tropical epiphyte. A range of sample masses was tested to determine the minimum mass required to achieve reliable fatty acid composition data. A direct transesterification method was used, which did not require extraction of fatty acids from seeds prior to analysis, and the effects of seed processing (crushed versus intact seeds) and incubation time in toluene on fatty acid yield were tested. Stable fatty acid profiles were obtained using as little as 10 mg of seeds. Neither crushing the seeds nor extending the toluene incubation step had much effect on the fatty acid yield. The simple direct transesterification method presented will enable the fatty acid composition of orchid seeds, and possibly other small seeds, to be determined reliably for studies into seed development, storage and germination.

Keywords

Dactylorhiza fuchsiigas chromatography–mass spectrometryGrammatophyllum speciosumlipidOrchidaceae
Type
Technical Update
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 26 , Issue 1 , March 2016 , pp. 84 - 91
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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