Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T12:27:46.128Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Methanol, pectin and pectinesterase changes during soybean seed maturation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 February 2007

James L. Koch ,
Marcin Horbowicz  and
Ralph L. Obendorf
James L. Koch
Affiliation:
Seed Biology, 617 Bradfield Hall, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853–1901, USA
Marcin Horbowicz
Affiliation:
Seed Biology, 617 Bradfield Hall, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853–1901, USA Research Institute of Vegetable Crops, 96–100 Skierniewice, Poland
Ralph L. Obendorf*
Affiliation:
Seed Biology, 617 Bradfield Hall, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853–1901, USA
*
*Correspondence Tel: +1 607 255 1709 Fax: +1 607 255 2644 Email: rlo1@cornell.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Methanol accumulates in maturing seeds, correlating with preharvest deterioration. Since the source of methanol may be from pectin de-methylation, methanol, cell wall uronic acid, pectin methyl esterification, pectinesterase (PE; EC 3.1.1.11) activity, and neutral sugar composition and partitioning of cell wall polysaccharides were determined during soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) seed development, maturation, and desiccation in planta. Axis cell wall polysaccharides were more easily solubilized, richer in uronic acid, rhamnose, and xylose, and less rich in galactose than cotyledon cell wall polysaccharides. Methanol accumulated to 9.7 μg per two cotyledons and 0.5 μg per axis; total methanol decreased to 3 μg per two cotyledons during loss of green color. Total uronic acid increased from 0.12 to 0.27 mg per axis and 0.9 to 4 mg per cotyledon between 24 and 50 days after flowering (DAF). After loss of green color, pectin methyl esterification in axes increased from 7 to 24 mole% between 50 and 60 DAF but decreased to 14 mole%by 62 DAF in latter stages of seed desiccation. In cotyledons, methyl esterification ranged from 25 to 40 mole% and was 31 mole% after desiccation. PE activity increased 100 fold in axes, including a 30-fold increase in activity after loss of green color at 46 DAF. Cotyledon PE activity was 40-fold higher than in axes at 24 DAF, declined 75% by 56 DAF, and then increased 5 fold during desiccation. Pectin methyl de-esterification by PE is sufficient to be the sole source for methanol accumulation in seed tissues during development and maturation.

Keywords

cell wallGlycine maxmethanolpectinpectinesterase (EC 3.1.1.11)seed maturationsoybean
Type
Research Article
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 9 , Issue 4 , April 1999 , pp. 311 - 320
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahmed, A.E.R. and Labavitch, J.M. (1977) A simplified method for accurate determination of cell wall uronide content. Journal of Food Biochemistry 1, 361–365.Google Scholar
Al-Kaisey, M.T. and Wilkie, K.C.B. (1992) The polysaccharides of agricultural lupin seeds. Carbohydrate Research 227, 147–161.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aspinall, G.O., Begbie, R., Hamilton, A. and Whyte, J.N.C. (1967) Polysaccharides of soybeans. Part III. Extraction and fractionation of polysaccharides from cotyledon meal. Journal of the Chemical Society C11, 1065–1070.Google Scholar
Bils, R.F. and Howell, R.W. (1963) Biochemical and cytological changes in developing soybean cotyledons. Crop Science 3, 304–308.Google Scholar
Blumenkrantz, N. and Asboe-Hansen, G. (1973) New method for quantitative determination of uronic acids. Analytical Biochemistry 54, 484–489.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brillouet, J.M. and Carré, B. (1983) Composition of cell walls from cotyledons of Pisum sativum, Vicia faba and Glycine max. Phytochemistry 22, 841–847.Google Scholar
Dubois, M., Gilles, K.A., Hamilton, J.K., Rebers, P.A. and Smith, F. (1956) Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry 28, 350–356.Google Scholar
Frenkel, C., Peters, J.S., Tieman, D.M., Tiznado, M.E. and Handa, A.K. (1998) Pectin methylesterase regulates methanol and ethanol accumulation in ripening tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruit. Journal of Biological Chemistry 273, 4293–4295.Google Scholar
Honig, D.H. and Rackis, J.J. (1975) Volatile components of maturing soybeans. Cereal Chemistry 52, 396–402.Google Scholar
Huber, D.J. and Nevins, D.J. (1979) Autolysis of the cell wall b-D-glucan in corn coleoptiles. Plant and Cell Physiology 20, 201–212.Google Scholar
Huisman, M.M.H., Schols, H.A. and Voragen, A.G.J. (1998) Cell wall polysaccharides from soybean meal. Isolation and characterization. Carbohydrate Polymers 37, 87–95.Google Scholar
Kato, Y., Ito, S., Iki, K. and Matsuda, K. (1982) Xyloglucan and b-D-glucan in cell walls of rice seedlings. Plant and Cell Physiology 23, 351–364.Google Scholar
Kato, Y. and Nevins, D.J. (1984) Enzymic dissociation of Zea shoot cell wall polysaccharides. I. Preliminary characterization of the water-insoluble fraction of Zea shoot cell walls. Plant Physiology 75, 740–744.Google Scholar
Knox, J.P., Linstead, P.J., King, J., Cooper, C. and Roberts, K. (1990) Pectin esterification is spatially regulated both within cell walls and between developing tissues of root apices. Planta 181, 512–521.Google Scholar
Koch, J.L. and Nevins, D.J. (1989) The tomato fruit cell wall. I. The use of purified tomato polygalacturonase and pectinmethylesterase to identify developmental changes in pectins. Plant Physiology 91, 816–822.Google Scholar
Kollöffel, C. and Linssen, P.W.T. (1984) The formation of intercellular spaces in the cotyledons of developing and germinating pea seeds. Protoplasma 120, 12–19.Google Scholar
Labavitch, J.M. (1981) Cell wall turnover in plant development. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 32, 385–406.Google Scholar
Lott, J.N.A. (1974) Cell walls in Cucurbita maxima cotyledons in relation to imbibition. Canadian Journal of Botany 52, 1465–1468.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MarkoviË, O. and Obendorf, R.L. (1998) Soybean seed pectinesterase. Seed Science Research 8, 455–461.Google Scholar
Moore, P.J. and Staehelin, L.A. (1988) Immunogold localization of the cell-wall-matrix polysaccharides rhamnogalacturonan I and xyloglucan during cell expansion and cytokinesis in Trifolium pratense L.; implication for secretory pathways. Planta 174, 433–445.Google Scholar
Moore, S. and Stein, W.H. (1954) A modified ninhydrin reagent for the photometric determination of amino acids and related compounds. Journal of Biological Chemistry 211, 907–913.Google Scholar
Nemecek-Marshall, M., MacDonald, R.C., Franzen, J.J., Wojciechowski, C.L. and Fall, R. (1995) Methanol emission from leaves. Enzymatic detection of gas-phase methanol and relation of methanol fluxes to stomatal conductance and leaf development. Plant Physiology 108, 1359–1368.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nishitani, K. and Nevins, D.J. (1988) Enzymic analysis of feruloylated arabinoxylans (feraxan) derived from Zea mays cell walls. I. Purification of novel enzymes capable of dissociating feraxan fragments from Zea mays coleoptile cell wall. Plant Physiology 87, 883–890.Google Scholar
Obendorf, R.L., Koch, J.L., Górecki, R.J., Amable, R.A. and Aveni, M.T. (1990) Methanol accumulation in maturing seeds. Journal of Experimental Botany 41, 489–495.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Obendorf, R.L., Rytko, G.T. and Byrne, M.C. (1983) Soya bean seed growth and maturation by in vitro pod culture. Annals of Botany 51, 217–227.Google Scholar
Ricard, J., Noat, G., Crasnier, M. and Job, D. (1981) Ionic control of immobilized enzymes. Kinetics of acid phosphatase bound to plant cell walls. Biochemical Journal 195, 357–367.Google Scholar
Webb, M.A. and Arnott, H.J. (1982) Cell wall conformation in dry seeds in relation to the preservation of structural integrity during desiccation. American Journal of Botany 69, 1657–1668.Google Scholar
Wood, P.J. and Siddiqui, I.R. (1971) Determination of methanol and its application to measurement of pectin ester content and pectin methylesterase activity. Analytical Biochemistry 39, 418–428.Google Scholar
Zhang, M., Nagata, S., Miyazawa, K., Kikuchi, H. and Esashi, Y. (1997) A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify acetaldehyde-protein adducts that accumulate in dry seeds during aging. Plant Physiology 113, 397–402.Google Scholar
Zhang, M., Nakamaru, Y., Tsuda, S., Nagashima, T. and Esashi, Y. (1995a) Enzymatic conversion of volatile metabolites in dry seeds during storage. Plant and Cell Physiology 36, 157–164.Google Scholar
Zhang, M., Yoshiyama, M., Nagashima, T., Nakagawa, Y., Yoshioka, T. and Esashi, Y. (1995b) Aging of soybean seeds in relation to metabolism at different relative humidities. Plant and Cell Physiology 36, 1189–1195.Google Scholar