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Buckwheat seed set in planta and during in vitro inflorescence culture: Evaluation of temperature and water deficit stress

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 February 2007

Jolanta Slawinska  and
Ralph L. Obendorf
Jolanta Slawinska
Affiliation:
Seed Biology, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 617 Bradfield Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1901, USA Plant Physiology Department, Horticultural Faculty, Agricultural University, 31-425 Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, Poland
Ralph L. Obendorf*
Affiliation:
Seed Biology, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 617 Bradfield Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1901, USA
*
*Correspondence Fax: +1 607 255 2644 E-mail: rlo1@cornell.edu
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Abstract

Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) plants produce many flowers, but fewer seeds. Seed set is highly variable among years, between plants, and during the period of flowering within a plant or raceme. Seasonal variations suggest that temperature and water-deficit stresses are important factors for seed set. The effects of mild temperature and water-deficit stresses on seed set and seed filling were determined in planta and in vitro. An in vitro method to culture matched sets of racemes from individual plants was used for precise comparisons between experimental treatments. Buckwheat racemes form new flowers continuously during several weeks in planta. Seed set resulting in yield occurs during the first 2–3 weeks of flowering and then rapidly declines in planta independently of mild stresses. Plants grown at 18°C have 40% increased seed set, set seeds over a longer duration, and produce 40% more dry matter per seed than plants grown at 25°C. Similar patterns occurred in vitro. A 3-day water-deficit stress during the first week of flowering reduced the number of seeds by 50%without a reduction in seed size and dry weight, or the number of flowers formed in planta or in vitro. The effect of water-deficit stress continued after rewatering and subsequently was expressed as a reduction in fertility in newly formed flowers, both in planta and in vitro. Mild temperature and water-deficit stresses affected both female and male components of seed set in common buckwheat, resulting in a persistent but non-additive reduction in sink strength.

Keywords

buckwheatseed setFagopyrum esculentum Moenchin vitro inflorescence culturetemperaturewater-deficit stress
Type
Research Article
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 11 , Issue 3 , September 2001 , pp. 223 - 233
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2001

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