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Cryopreservation of seeds of four coffee species (Coffea arabica, C. costatifructa, C. racemosa and C. sessiliflora): importance of water content and cooling rate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2008

Stéhane Dussert ,
Nathalie Chabrillange ,
Florent Engelmann ,
François Anthony ,
Jacques Louarn  and
Serge Hamon
Stéhane Dussert*
Affiliation:
ORSTOM, Laboratoire des Ressources Génétiques et Amélioration des Plantes Tropicales, BP 5045, 34032 Montpellier Cedex 1, France
Nathalie Chabrillange
Affiliation:
ORSTOM, Laboratoire des Ressources Génétiques et Amélioration des Plantes Tropicales, BP 5045, 34032 Montpellier Cedex 1, France
Florent Engelmann
Affiliation:
IPGRI, Via delle Sette Chiese 142, 00145 Rome, Italy
François Anthony
Affiliation:
CATIE, Apartado 59, 7170 Turrialba, Costa Rica
Jacques Louarn
Affiliation:
ORSTOM, BP 434 Man, Côte-d'lvoire
Serge Hamon
Affiliation:
ORSTOM, Laboratoire des Ressources Génétiques et Amélioration des Plantes Tropicales, BP 5045, 34032 Montpellier Cedex 1, France
*
*Correspondence E-mail stephane.dussert@mpl.orstom.fr
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Abstract

In the range of water contents studied (0.1–0.4 g H2O g dw−1), Coffea arabica seeds were less sensitive to desiccation than C. costatifructa, C. racemosa and C. sessiliflora seeds. At 0.20 g H2O g dw−1, 53% of C. arabica seeds germinated after direct immersion in LN (rapid cooling, 200°C min−1), but none of them developed into normal seedlings. By contrast, in C. costatifructa, C. racemosa and C. sessiliflora, when seeds were dehydrated to the optimal water content (0.19, 0.28 and 0.31 g H2O g dw−1, respectively), the percentages of seeds which developed into normal seedlings after LN exposure were 26, 78 and 31% of the desiccation control, respectively. Normal seedlings could be recovered from cryopreserved C. arabica seeds only if they were desiccated to 0.20 g H2O g dw−1 and precooled slowly to −50°C prior to immersion in LN. Precooling seeds at 2°C min−1 allowed 25% of seeds to develop into normal seedlings. The thawing rate had no effect on the survival of cryopreserved C. arabica seeds. In all cryopreservation experiments, the total germination did not reflect the percentage of seeds which developed into normal seedlings. Examination of excised embryos indicated a partial explanation of this difference since only the shoot apex was destroyed in abnormal embryos, whereas the hypocotyl and radicle were normal.

Keywords

Coffeacooling ratecryopreservationdesiccationgenetic resourcesseeds
Type
Physiology and biochemistry
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 8 , Issue 1 , March 1998 , pp. 9 - 15
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1998

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