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Fluctuating temperatures terminate dormancy in Cynara cardunculus seeds by turning off ABA synthesis and reducing ABA signalling, but not stimulating GA synthesis or signalling

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 May 2014

H. Roberto Huarte ,
Virginia Luna ,
Eduardo A. Pagano ,
Jorge A. Zavala  and
Roberto L. Benech-Arnold
H. Roberto Huarte*
Affiliation:
Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Católica Argentina, 183 Ramón Freire, 1426, CABA, Argentina
Virginia Luna
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Rio Cuarto, Argentina
Eduardo A. Pagano
Affiliation:
Cátedra de Bioquímica; Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 4453 San Martín Avenue, 1417DSE, CABA, Argentina
Jorge A. Zavala
Affiliation:
INBA/Cátedra de Bioquímica; Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 4453 San Martín Avenue, 1417DSE, CABA, Argentina
Roberto L. Benech-Arnold
Affiliation:
IFEVA/Cátedra de Cultivos Industriales/CONICET/Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 4453 San Martín Avenue, 1417DSE, CABA, Argentina
*
*Correspondence Email: robertohuarte@uca.edu.ar
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Abstract

Fluctuating temperatures terminate seed dormancy in many species, including Cynara cardunculus (L.) var. sylvestris. Termination of physiological dormancy requires low ratios of abscisic acid (ABA)/gibberellins (GA). In a previous paper we have shown that physiological responses to fluctuating temperatures comprise a reduction of abscisic acid (ABA) content and sensitivity. However, a possible stimulation of GA synthesis was also suggested as part of the mechanism. That possible stimulation, as well as the identification of potential regulatory sites for ABA and GA metabolism and signalling involved in the termination of dormancy by fluctuating temperatures, are yet to be determined. In this study, we measured GA content and sensitivity in seeds incubated under constant and fluctuating temperatures. We also assessed the expression of several genes involved in ABA and GA metabolism and signalling. Our results show that fluctuating temperatures reduce ABA/GA ratios through a reduction in ABA accumulation during incubation but without altering GA synthesis as compared to that observed under constant temperatures. On the other hand, fluctuating temperatures did not increase sensitivity to GA. Fluctuating temperatures reduced the expression of CycaNCED and CycaABI5 (ABA synthesis and signalling genes) with a temporal pattern that coincides with the interruption of ABA accumulation that precedes germination of seeds incubated under fluctuating temperatures. However, fluctuating temperatures did not modify the expression of CycaCYP707A2 (ABA inactivation) as compared to that observed under constant temperatures. Consistent with our determinations of GA content and sensitivity, fluctuating temperatures did not modify the expression of GA synthesis (CycaGA3ox) and signalling genes (CycaRGL2 and CycaGAI) in relation to that observed at constant temperatures. These results show that fluctuating temperatures terminate dormancy in Cynara cardunculus seeds through an interruption in ABA accumulation and a reduction in ABA signalling exerted at the level of CycaNCED and CycaABI5 expression.

Keywords

abscisic aciddormancyfluctuating temperaturesgene expressiongibberellins
Type
Research Papers
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 24 , Issue 2 , June 2014 , pp. 79 - 89
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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