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Grain dormancy loss is associated with changes in ABA and GA sensitivity and hormone accumulation in bread wheat, Triticum aestivum (L.)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2015

Keiko M. Tuttle ,
Shantel A. Martinez ,
Elizabeth C. Schramm ,
Yumiko Takebayashi ,
Mitsunori Seo  and
Camille M. Steber
Keiko M. Tuttle
Affiliation:
Molecular Plant Sciences, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA99164-6420, USA
Shantel A. Martinez
Affiliation:
Molecular Plant Sciences, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA99164-6420, USA
Elizabeth C. Schramm
Affiliation:
Molecular Plant Sciences, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA99164-6420, USA
Yumiko Takebayashi
Affiliation:
RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa230-0045, Japan
Mitsunori Seo
Affiliation:
RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa230-0045, Japan
Camille M. Steber*
Affiliation:
Molecular Plant Sciences, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA99164-6420, USA USDA-ARS Wheat Genetics, Quality, Physiology and Disease Research Unit, Washington State University, Pullman, WA99164-6420, USA
*
*Correspondence E-mail: csteber@wsu.edu
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Abstract

Knowledge about the hormonal control of grain dormancy and dormancy loss is essential in wheat, because low grain dormancy at maturity is associated with the problem of pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) when cool and rainy conditions occur before harvest. Low GA (gibberellin A) hormone sensitivity and high ABA (abscisic acid) sensitivity were associated with higher wheat grain dormancy and PHS tolerance. Grains of two PHS-tolerant cultivars were very dormant at maturity, and insensitive to GA stimulation of germination. More PHS-susceptible cultivars were less sensitive to ABA inhibition of germination, and were either more GA sensitive or germinated efficiently without GA at maturity. As grain dormancy was lost through dry afterripening or cold imbibition, grains first gained GA sensitivity and then lost ABA sensitivity. These changes in GA and ABA sensitivity can serve as landmarks defining stages of dormancy loss that cannot be discerned without hormone treatment. These dormancy stages can be used to compare different cultivars, seed lots and studies. Previous work showed that wheat afterripening is associated with decreasing ABA levels in imbibing seeds. Wheat grain dormancy loss through cold imbibition also led to decreased endogenous ABA levels, suggesting that reduced ABA signalling is a general mechanism triggering dormancy loss.

Keywords

abscisic acidafterripeningcold stratificationdormancygibberellinpre-harvest sproutingTriticum aestivum
Type
Research Papers
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 25 , Special Issue 2: Seed Dormancy , June 2015 , pp. 179 - 193
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015. This is a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States. 

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