Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T19:26:37.023Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Pericarp structure of Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach (Asteraceae) cypselae controls water uptake during germination

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 April 2015

Giuseppe Puglia ,
Simona Grimaldi ,
Angelino Carta ,
Pietro Pavone  and
Peter Toorop
Giuseppe Puglia*
Affiliation:
Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, Plant Biology Section, University of Catania, via Empedocle 58, 95128, Catania, Italy Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo (CNR-ISAFOM) U.O.S. Catania, via Empedocle, 58, 95128, Catania, Italy
Simona Grimaldi
Affiliation:
Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, Plant Biology Section, University of Catania, via Empedocle 58, 95128, Catania, Italy
Angelino Carta
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Unit of Botany, University of Pisa, via Luca Ghini 13, I-56126, Pisa, Italy
Pietro Pavone
Affiliation:
Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, Plant Biology Section, University of Catania, via Empedocle 58, 95128, Catania, Italy
Peter Toorop
Affiliation:
Seed Conservation Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex, RH17 6TN, UK
*
*Correspondence E-mail: puglia.giuseppe@gmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach is a common Mediterranean weed producing distinctive central and peripheral dormant cypselae with a hard fruit coat, which was previously hypothesized to impose physical dormancy. Analysis of water uptake in cypselae and in naked seeds showed that it preferentially takes place at the basal end of the fruit; however, seeds within an intact pericarp do not fully imbibe when compared with naked seeds. Germination was not significantly different between the two heteromorphs, and afterripening or cold stratification did not increase germination, while warm stratification at 35/20°C, as revealed by logistic regression, resulted in a significant improvement. However, loss of viability was also rapid at these high temperatures. Central and peripheral cypselae generally showed very low germination. In both heteromorphs, faster and higher germination (60–70%) was reached only after extensive scarification of pericarp tissue, and full germination was observed only after complete removal of pericarp tissue. Although the pericarp significantly reduced water uptake, no palisade layer(s) of macrosclereids could be observed. Xylem-vessel elements were found running through the basal end of the pericarp and forming the main point of water entry. We reject the hypothesis that G. coronaria cypselae have physical dormancy. Instead, water uptake and germination are impeded by: (1) directed water uptake, mainly through a pericarp-spanning channel-like structure; and (2) mechanical constraint on embryo growth exerted by the hard pericarp. The channel-like structure forms the principal system for controlling seed germination.

Keywords

dormancygarland chrysanthemumgerminationGlebionis coronariaheterocarpyimbibitionpericarp constraint
Type
Research Papers
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 25 , Issue 3 , September 2015 , pp. 255 - 266
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aguado, M., Martínez-Sánchez, J.J., Reig-Arminana, J., García-Breijo, F.J., Franco, J.A. and Vicente, M.J. (2011) Morphology, anatomy and germination response of heteromorphic achenes of Anthemis chrysantha J. Gay (Asteraceae), a critically endangered species. Seed Science Research 21, 283–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bañón, S., Martinez-Sánchez, J.J., Vicente, M.J., Conesa, E., Franco, J.A. and Fernández, J.A. (2009) Effect of applying commercial gibberellins on seed germination of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. Acta Horticulturae 813, 435–439.Google Scholar
Baskin, C.C. and Baskin, J.M. (1998) Seeds: Ecology, biogeography and evolution of dormancy and germination. San Diego, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (2004) A classification system for seed dormancy. Seed Science Research 14, 1–16.Google Scholar
Baskin, J.M., Baskin, C.C. and Li, X. (2000) Taxonomy, anatomy and evolution of physical dormancy in seeds. Plant Species Biology 15, 139–152.Google Scholar
Baskin, J.M., Lu, J.J., Baskin, C.C. and Tan, D.Y. (2013) The necessity for testing germination of fresh seeds in studies on diaspore heteromorphism as a life-history strategy. Seed Science Research 23, 83–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bastida, F. and Menéndez, J. (2004) Germination requirements and dispersal timing in two heterocarpic weedy Asteraceae. Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences 69, 67–76.Google Scholar
Bastida, F., Gonzáles-Andújar, J.L., Monteagudo, F.J. and Menéndez, J. (2010) Aerial seed bank dynamics and seedling emergence patterns in two annual Mediterranean Asteraceae. Journal of Vegetation Science 21, 541–550.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boesewinkel, F.D. and Bouman, F. (1995) The seed: structure and function. pp. 1–24 in Kigel, J.; Galili, G. (Eds) Seed development and germination. New York, Marcel Dekker.Google Scholar
Brändel, M. (2007) Ecology of achene dimorphism in Leontodon saxatilis . Annals of Botany 100, 1189–1197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carlquist, S. (2001) Comparative wood anatomy: systematic, ecological, and evolutionary aspects of dicotyledon wood. New York, Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carta, A., Bedini, G., Müller, J.V. and Probert, R.J. (2013) Comparative seed dormancy and germination of eight annual species of ephemeral wetland vegetation in a Mediterranean climate. Plant Ecology 214, 339–349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cook, R. and Talley, T.S. (2014) The invertebrate communities associated with a Chrysanthemum coronarium-invaded coastal sage scrub area in Southern California. Biological Invasions 16, 365–380.Google Scholar
Corkidi, L., Rincon, E. and Vazquez-Yanes, C. (1991) Effects of light and temperature on germination of heteromorphic achenes of Bidens odorata (Asteraceae). Canadian Journal of Botany 69, 574–579.Google Scholar
Cousens, R.D., Young, K.R. and Tadayyon, A. (2010) The role of the persistent fruit wall in seed water regulation in Raphanus raphanistrum (Brassicaceae). Annals of Botany 105, 101–108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
de Souza, T.V., Voltolini, C.H., Santos, M. and Silveira Paulilo, M.T. (2012) Water absorption and dormancy-breaking requirements of physically dormant seeds of Schizolobium parahyba (Fabaceae – Caesalpinioideae). Seed Science Research 22, 169–176.Google Scholar
Debeaujon, I., Lepiniec, L., Pourcel, L. and Routaboul, J.M. (2007) Seed coat development and dormancy. pp. 25–49 in Bradford, K.J.; Nonogaki, H. (Eds) Seed development, dormancy and germination. Oxford, Blackwell Publishing.Google Scholar
Doussi, M.A. and Thanos, C.A. (2002) Ecophysiology of seed germination in Mediterranean geophytes. 1. Muscari spp. Seed Science Research 12, 193–201.Google Scholar
Forsyth, C. and Brown, N.A.C. (1982) Germination of the dimorphic fruits of Bidens pilosa L. New Phytologist 90, 151–164.Google Scholar
Hawes, C., Begg, G.S., Squire, G.R. and Iannetta, P.P.M. (2005) Individuals as the basic accounting unit in studies of ecosystem function: functional diversity in shepherd's purse, Capsella . Oikos 109, 521–534.Google Scholar
Imbert, E. (2002) Ecological consequences and ontogeny of seed heteromorphism. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 5, 13–36.Google Scholar
Lloyd, D.G. (1984) Variation strategies of plants in heterogeneous environments. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 21, 357–385.Google Scholar
Lu, J., Tan, D., Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (2010) Fruit and seed heteromorphism in the cold desert annual ephemeral Diptychocarpus strictus (Brassicaceae) and possible adaptive significance. Annals of Botany 105, 999–1014.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mandák, B. (2003) Germination requirements of invasive and non-invasive Atriplex species: a comparative study. Flora 198, 45–54.Google Scholar
McDonough, W.T. (1975) Germination polymorphism in Grindelia squarrosa . Northwest Science 49, 190–200.Google Scholar
McEvoy, P.B. (1984) Dormancy and dispersal in dimorphic achenes of tansy ragwort Senecio jacobaea . Oecologia 61, 160–168.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meusel, H., Jäger, E. and Weinert, E. (1965) Comparative chorology of the Central European flora. Jena, Gustav Fischer.Google Scholar
Orozco-Segovia, A., Márquez-Guzmán, J., Sánchez-Coronado, M.E., De Buen, A.G., Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (2007) Seed anatomy and water uptake in relation to seed dormancy in Opuntia tomentosa (Cactaceae, Opuntioideae). Annals of Botany 99, 581–592.Google Scholar
Picó, F. and Koubek, T. (2003) Inbreeding effects on fitness traits in the heterocarpic herb Leontodon autumnalis L. (Asteraceae). Acta Oecologica 24, 289–294.Google Scholar
Pignatti, S. (1982) Flora d'Italia. Bologna, Edagricole.Google Scholar
R Development Core Team (2013) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria, R Foundation for Statistical Computing.Google Scholar
Rocha, O.J. (1996) The effects of achene heteromorphism on the dispersal capacity of Bidens pilosa L. International Journal of Plant Sciences 157, 316–322.Google Scholar
Schütz, W., Milberg, P. and Lamont, B.B. (2002) Seed dormancy, after-ripening and light requirements of four annual Asteraceae in south-western Australia. Annals of Botany 90, 707–714.Google Scholar
Skordilis, A. and Thanos, C.A. (1995) Seed stratification and germination strategy in the Mediterranean pines Pinus brutia and P. halepensis . Seed Science Research 5, 151–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, H.Z., Lu, J.J., Tan, D.Y., Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (2009) Dormancy and germination characteristics of the trimorphic achenes of Garhadiolus papposus (Asteraceae), an annual ephemeral from the Junggar Desert, China. South African Journal of Botany 75, 537–545.Google Scholar
Tanowitz, B.D., Salopek, P.F. and Mahall, B.E. (1987) Differential germination of ray and disc achenes in Hemizonia increscens (Asteraceae). American Journal of Botany 74, 303–312.Google Scholar
Toorop, P.E., Cuerva, R.C., Begg, G.S., Locardi, B., Squire, G.R. and Iannetta, P.P. (2012) Co-adaptation of seed dormancy and flowering time in the arable weed Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepherd's purse). Annals of Botany 109, 481–489.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Venable, D.L., Burquez, A., Corral, G., Morales, E. and Espinosa, F. (1987) The ecology of seed heteromorphism in Heterosperma pinnatum in central Mexico. Ecology 68, 65–76.Google Scholar
Wang, Z.B., Chen, Y.F. and Chen, Y.H. (2009) Functional grouping and establishment of distribution patterns of invasive plants in China using self-organizing maps and indicator species analysis. Archives of Biological Sciences 61, 71–78.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: Image

Puglia supplementary material

Figure S1

Download Puglia supplementary material(Image)
Image 16.8 MB