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Pericarp structure of Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach (Asteraceae) cypselae controls water uptake during germination

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 April 2015

Giuseppe Puglia ,
Simona Grimaldi ,
Angelino Carta ,
Pietro Pavone  and
Peter Toorop
Giuseppe Puglia*
Affiliation:
Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, Plant Biology Section, University of Catania, via Empedocle 58, 95128, Catania, Italy Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo (CNR-ISAFOM) U.O.S. Catania, via Empedocle, 58, 95128, Catania, Italy
Simona Grimaldi
Affiliation:
Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, Plant Biology Section, University of Catania, via Empedocle 58, 95128, Catania, Italy
Angelino Carta
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Unit of Botany, University of Pisa, via Luca Ghini 13, I-56126, Pisa, Italy
Pietro Pavone
Affiliation:
Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, Plant Biology Section, University of Catania, via Empedocle 58, 95128, Catania, Italy
Peter Toorop
Affiliation:
Seed Conservation Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex, RH17 6TN, UK
*
*Correspondence E-mail: puglia.giuseppe@gmail.com
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Abstract

Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach is a common Mediterranean weed producing distinctive central and peripheral dormant cypselae with a hard fruit coat, which was previously hypothesized to impose physical dormancy. Analysis of water uptake in cypselae and in naked seeds showed that it preferentially takes place at the basal end of the fruit; however, seeds within an intact pericarp do not fully imbibe when compared with naked seeds. Germination was not significantly different between the two heteromorphs, and afterripening or cold stratification did not increase germination, while warm stratification at 35/20°C, as revealed by logistic regression, resulted in a significant improvement. However, loss of viability was also rapid at these high temperatures. Central and peripheral cypselae generally showed very low germination. In both heteromorphs, faster and higher germination (60–70%) was reached only after extensive scarification of pericarp tissue, and full germination was observed only after complete removal of pericarp tissue. Although the pericarp significantly reduced water uptake, no palisade layer(s) of macrosclereids could be observed. Xylem-vessel elements were found running through the basal end of the pericarp and forming the main point of water entry. We reject the hypothesis that G. coronaria cypselae have physical dormancy. Instead, water uptake and germination are impeded by: (1) directed water uptake, mainly through a pericarp-spanning channel-like structure; and (2) mechanical constraint on embryo growth exerted by the hard pericarp. The channel-like structure forms the principal system for controlling seed germination.

Keywords

dormancygarland chrysanthemumgerminationGlebionis coronariaheterocarpyimbibitionpericarp constraint
Type
Research Papers
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 25 , Issue 3 , September 2015 , pp. 255 - 266
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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