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Starch biosynthesis in developing seeds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 November 2010

Ian J. Tetlow
Ian J. Tetlow*
Affiliation:
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Science Complex, University of Guelph, Guelph, OntarioN1G 2W1, Canada
*
*Correspondence Email: itetlow@uoguelph.ca
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Abstract

Starch is globally important as a source of food and, in addition, has a wide range of industrial applications. Much of this agriculturally produced starch is synthesized in developing seeds, where its biological function is to provide energy for seedling establishment. Storage starch in developing seeds is synthesized in heterotrophic plastids called amyloplasts and is distinct from the transient synthesis of starch in chloroplasts. This article reviews our current understanding of storage starch biosynthesis occurring in these organelles and discusses recent advances in research in this field. The review discusses starch structure and granule initiation, emerging ideas on the evolution of the pathway, the enzymes of starch synthesis, and the post-translational modification and regulation of key enzymes of amylopectin biosynthesis.

Keywords

amylopectinamyloplastsamylosedebranching enzymeprotein phosphorylationproteinprotein interactionsseed developmentstarchstarch branching enzymestarch-granule-associated proteinsstarch phosphorylasestarch synthasestarch synthesis
Type
Invited Review
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 21 , Issue 1 , March 2011 , pp. 5 - 32
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

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