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Taiwanese montane Sambucus chinensis seeds require warm stratification, contrasting with other congeneric temperate members

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 May 2014

Shun-Ying Chen ,
Ching-Te Chien ,
Siti N. Hidayati  and
Jeffrey L. Walck
Shun-Ying Chen
Affiliation:
Division of Silviculture, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei 10066, Taiwan
Ching-Te Chien
Affiliation:
Division of Silviculture, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei 10066, Taiwan
Siti N. Hidayati*
Affiliation:
Evolution and Ecology Group, Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, USA
Jeffrey L. Walck
Affiliation:
Evolution and Ecology Group, Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, USA
*
* Correspondence Fax:+1 615-898-5093 E-mail: Siti.Hidayati@mtsu.edu
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Abstract

Many temperate plant genera, like Sambucus, have species with range disjunctions among North America, Europe and/or Asia. Cold stratification (sometimes in combination with warm stratification) is the primary mechanism to break seed dormancy in these species. For some of these genera showing Northern Hemispheric disjunctions, members also occur in subtropical or tropical regions, mostly confined to higher elevations where climate and vegetation differ from those in northern latitudes. We made two hypotheses concerning germination for the subtropical Taiwanese Sambucus chinensis: (1) seeds from populations exposed to warm temperatures would require warm stratification, and (2) seeds from populations exposed to cold temperatures need cold stratification. We investigated the germination (including embryo growth) of non-stratified seeds over a range of temperatures and tested the effects of cold stratification and of gibberellins GA3 and GA4 on germination. The amount and timing of germination among populations varied substantially in response to temperature treatments. Seeds from all populations of this species required warm temperatures for dormancy break and germination, regardless of environmental conditions. As such, the majority of seeds had non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy, which, until now, has not been reported in any members of Sambucus. The seed characteristics of the subtropical S. chinensis are different from those of temperate members of the genus in which cold stratification is the predominate treatment to overcome dormancy.

Keywords

Caprifoliaceaemontanemorphophysiological dormancySambucusTaiwanwarm stratification
Type
Research Papers
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 24 , Issue 3 , September 2014 , pp. 217 - 228
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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