Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 January 2025
Anthropological archaeology has long had an interest in understanding the semiotic properties of material objects, since it is through such objects that most archaeological analysis takes place. In recent decades, a new emphasis on materiality has focused attention on the links between material objects and social relationships in the past. In this article I argue that, just as in modern societies, the indexical meaning of material objects, and their role in social relations, were shaped by metapragmatic discourses in the past. Thus, in order to understand the role of material objects within ancient societies, it is necessary to analyze these discourses by means of historical records, their archaeological context, and analogical examples. I give an example of this method by analyzing Classic Maya inscriptions and the ways that the discourses recorded in them characterize material objects such as temples, cult objects, and tribute payments.
I would like to thank Marcello Canuto and Tomás Barrientos, directors of the La Corona Regional Archaeology Project, for their support over the years that I participated in the project. I would also like to thank Clarissa Cagnato, Diana Fridberg, Caroline Parris, and Erin Patterson for their collaboration on the analysis of artifacts at La Corona. My research there was supported by a Wenner-Grean Dissertation Fieldwork Grant (no. 8260) and by the University of Pennsylvania (Lisa Lynn Brody Foley Fund Research Grant, Sorenson Fund Research Grant, Sylvia Brown Travel Grant). This article has gone through many changes, and I would like to thank Richard Leventhal, Robert Preucel, Lauren Ristvet, and a reviewer for their comments on earlier drafts. I would also like to thank Richard Parmentier for his helpful comments and for seeing this article through to publication.