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The Democratic University: The Role of Justice in the Production of Knowledge*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 June 2009

Elizabeth S. Anderson
Affiliation:
Philosophy and Women's Studies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Extract

What is the proper role of politics in higher education? Many policies and reforms in the academy, from affirmative action and a multicultural curriculum to racial and sexual harassment codes and movements to change pedagogical styles, seek justice for oppressed groups in society. They understand justice to require a comprehensive equality of membership: individuals belonging to different groups should have equal access to educational opportunities; their interests and cultures should be taken equally seriously as worthy subjects of study, their persons treated with equal respect and concern in communicative interaction. Conservative critics of these egalitarian movements represent them as dangerous political meddling into the disinterested pursuit of knowledge. They cast the pursuit of equality as a threat to freedom of speech and academic standards. In response, some radical advocates of such programs agree that the quest for equality clashes with free speech, but view this as an argument for sacrificing freedom of speech.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Social Philosophy and Policy Foundation 1995

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References

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24 This is not to defend “standpoint theory.” Standpoint theorists claim that the position of subordinate groups offers an epistemically privileged perspective on social phenomena. See Hartsock, Nancy, “The Feminist Standpoint,” in Feminism and Methodology, ed. Harding, S. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987).Google Scholar Our thoroughgoing epistemic interdependence implies that no particular subject position can claim epistemic privilege over all the rest. The argument for diversity need claim no more than symmetrical cognitive biases on everyone's part. If no one has a perfectly representative sample of experiences, and everyone generalizes from his or her own experiences, then everyone will be biased. If the research community consists of a demographically unrepresentative sample of people, biases will remain that can be corrected by expanding its representativeness, even if the new members are just as biased in their own way as the old ones are.

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