Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T16:21:33.424Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Narrativity, Narrative Identity, and Social Action: Rethinking English Working-Class Formation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 January 2016

Margaret R. Somers
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The nineteenth-century English working class bears a most peculiar burden and embodies a most peculiar paradox. Like Auden’s academic warriors who spar with “smiles and Christian names,” historians, economists, and sociologists have pushed and prodded early nineteenth-century English working people into procrustean political positions to support or disconfirm Marx’s predictions of revolutionary class conflict erupting from the contradictions of capitalism. A Manichaean concern locks the debate into an impasse. Were early nineteenth-century workers revolutionary or reformist? Was there a class struggle in the industrial revolution? The questions remain unresolved. Yet, surely it is the history of English working peoples that has suffered from this burden of praising or burying Marxism through competing interpretations of their early stories?

Type
Special Section: Narrative Analysis in Social Science, Part 2
Information
Social Science History , Volume 16 , Issue 4 , Winter 1992 , pp. 591 - 630
Copyright
Copyright © Social Science History Association 1992 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abbott, Andrew (1990) “Conceptions of time and events in social science methods: Causal and narrative approaches.” Historical Methods 23 (4): 140–50.Google Scholar
Alexander, Jeffrey C. (1987) “On the centrality of the classics,” in Giddens, Anthony and Turner, Jonathan (eds.) Social Theory Today. London: Macmillan: 11–57.Google Scholar
Alexander, Jeffrey C.(1991) “Sociological theory and the claim to reason: Why the end is not in sight.” Sociological Theory 9 (2): 147–53.Google Scholar
Aminzade, Ron (1992) “What is historical about historical sociology?” Sociological Methods and Research 20 (4): 456–80.Google Scholar
Anderson, Perry (1964) “Origins of the present crisis.” New Left Review 23: 26–54. Reprinted in Anderson, P. and Blackburn, R. (eds.) Towards Socialism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Atkinson, R. F. (1978) Knowledge and Explanation in History: An Introduction to the Philosophy of History. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Baron, Ava (1991) “Gender and labor history: Learning from the past, looking to the future,” in Baron, Ava (ed.) Work Engendered: Toward a New History of American Labor. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press: 1–46.Google Scholar
Barthes, Roland (1966, 1974) Introduction to the structural analysis of the narrative, translated by Miller, Richard. New York: Hill and Wang.Google Scholar
Bauman, Zygmunt (1982) Memories of Class: The Pre-History and After-Life of Class. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Bearman, Peter (Forthcoming) Relations into rhetorics.Google Scholar
Beattie, John (1986) Crime and the Courts in England: 1660–1800. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Belchem, John (1981) “Republicanism, popular constitutionalism and the radical platform in early nineteenth-century England.” Social History 6(1): 1–32.Google Scholar
Belchem, John (1989) “Radical language and ideology in early nineteenth-century England: The challenge of the mass platform.” Albion 20: 247–59.Google Scholar
Bell, D. (1976) “The disjuncture of realms: A statement of themes,” in The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Bell, D. (1981) “Models and reality in economic discourse,” in Bell, D. and Kristol, I. (eds.) The Crisis in Economic Theory. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Bell, Susan Groag, and Yalom, Marilyn, eds. (1990) Revealing Lives: Autobiography, Biography, and Gender. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Bertaux, Daniel (1981) Biography and Society. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Bertaux, Daniel, and Kohli, Martin (1984) “The life story approach: A continental view.” Annual Review of Sociology 10: 215–37.Google Scholar
Block, F. (1989) Post-Industrial Possibilities: A Critique of Economic Discourse. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Block, F., and Somers, M. R. (1984) “Beyond the economic fallacy: The holistic social science of Karl Polanyi,” in Skocpol, T. (ed.) Vision and Method in Historical Sociology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bourde, Guy, and Martin, Herve (1983) Les Ecoles Historiques. Paris: Seuil.Google Scholar
Brewer, John, and Styles, John (eds.) (1980) An Ungovernable People. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Briggs, A. (1959) Chartist Studies. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Briggs, A. (1967) “The language of ‘class’ in early nineteenth-century England,” in Briggs, A. and Saville, J. (eds.) Essays in Labour History. Oxford: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Brontë, C. (1979) Shirley. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Brooks, Peter (1984) Reading for the Plot: Design and Intention in Narrative. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar
Brown, Richard Harvey (1977) A Poetic for Sociology. London: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Brown, Richard Harvey (1988) “Positivism, relativism, and narrative in the logic of the historical sciences.” American Historical Review 92 (4): 908–20.Google Scholar
Brown, Richard Harvey (1990) “Rhetoric, textuality, and the postmodern turn in sociological theory.” Sociological Theory 8 (2): 188–97.Google Scholar
Bruner, Jerome (1986) Actual Minds, Possible Worlds. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Bruner, Jerome (1987) “Life as narrative.” Social Research 54 (1): 11–32.Google Scholar
Burnett, John, Vincent, David, and Mayall, David (eds.) (1984, 1987, 1989) The Autobiography of the Working Class: An Annotated, Critical Bibliography. 3 vols. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf.Google Scholar
Calhoun, Craig (1981) The Question of Class Struggle. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Calhoun, Craig (1991) “Morality, identity, and historical explanation: Charles Taylor on the sources of the self.” Sociological Theory 9 (2): 232–63.Google Scholar
Canning, Kathleen (1992) “Gender and the politics of class formation: Rethinking German labor history.” American Historical Review 97: 736–68.Google Scholar
Carr, David (1985) “Life and the narrator’s art,” in Silverman, Hugh J. and Idhe, Don (eds.) Hermeneutics and Deconstruction. Albany: State University of New York Press: 108–21.Google Scholar
Carr, David (1986) “Narrative and the real world.” History and Theory 25 (2): 117–31.Google Scholar
Claeys, Gregory (1985) “Language, class, and historical consciousness in nineteenth-century Britain.” Economy and Society 14: 239–63.Google Scholar
Collini, Stefan, Winch, Donald, and Burrow, J. W. (eds.) (1983) That Noble Science of Politics: A Study in Nineteenth Century Intellectual History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Crites, Stephen (1986) “Storytime: Recollecting the past and projecting the future,” in Sarbin, Theodore R. (ed.) Narrative Psychology: The Storied Nature of Human Conduct. New York: Praeger: 152–73.Google Scholar
Cronin, James E. (1986) “Language, politics and the critique of social history.” Journal of Social History 20: 177–83.Google Scholar
Daniel, E. Valentine (1984) Fluid Signs: Being a Person the Tamil Way. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Danto, Arthur C. (1985) Narration and Knowledge: Including the Integral Text of Analytical Philosophy of History. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Darnton, Robert (1985) The Great Cat Massacre. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Davidoff, Lenore, and Hall, Catherine (1987) Family Fortunes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Davis, Natalie Z. (1975) Society and Culture in Early Modern France. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Deb, S. C. (1963) “The British factory movement in the early nineteenth century.” Indian Journal of Economics 44.Google Scholar
Didion, Joan (1992) After Henry. New York: Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar
Digby, A. (1978) Pauper Palaces. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
DiMaggio, Paul (1988) “Interest and agency in institutional theory,” in Zucker, Lynn G., Institutional Patterns and Organization: Culture and Environment. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.Google Scholar
Dinwiddie, J. R. (1979) “Luddism and politics in the northern counties.” Social History 4 (1): 33–63.Google Scholar
Dray, William H. (1957) Laws and Explanations in History. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Driver, Cecil (1946) Tory Radical: The Life of Richard Oastler. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Edsall, Norman (1971) The Anti-Poor Law Movement. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Eley, Geoff and Nield, K. (1980) “Why does social history ignore politics?” Social History 5: 249–71.Google Scholar
Epstein, James (1986) “Rethinking of the categories of working-class history.” Labour et Le Travail 18. The Historical Journal 26: 969–85.Google Scholar
Epstein, James (1989a) “Understanding the cap of liberty: Symbolic practice and social conflict in early nineteenth-century England.” Past and Present 122:75–118.Google Scholar
Epstein, James (1989b) The Lion of Freedom: Feargus O’Connor and the Chartist Movement, 1832–1842. London: Croom Helm.Google Scholar
Fantasia, Rick (1988) Cultures of Solidarity. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Ferccero, John (1986) “Autobiography and narrative,” in Heller, Thomas C., Sosna, Morton, and Wellbery, David E. (eds.) Reconstructing Individualism: Autonomy, Individuality, and the Self in Western Thought. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Foster, J. (1974) Class Struggle and the Industrial Revolution in Three English Towns. London: Wiedenfeld and Nicolson.Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel (1972) The Archeology of Knowledge. New York: Pantheon.Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel (1973) Order of Things: An Archeology of the Human Sciences. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Freeman, Mark (1984) “History, narrative, and life-span developmental knowledge.” Human Development 27: 1–19.Google Scholar
Gallie, W. B. (1968) Philosophy and the Historical Understanding. New York: Schocken Books.Google Scholar
Gammage, R. G. (1969) The History of the Chartist Movement. New York: Kelley.Google Scholar
Gardiner, Patrick (1952) The Nature of Historical Explanation. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Geertz, Clifford (1973) The Interpretation of Culture. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Geertz, Clifford (1983) “Local knowledge: Fact and law in comparative perspective,” in Geertz, Clifford (ed.) Local Knowledge. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Genette, Gerard (1980) Narrative Discourse: An Essay in Method. Translated by Lewin, Jane E.. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Gergen, Kenneth J. (1973) “Social psychology as history.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 26: 309–20.Google Scholar
Gergen, Kenneth J. (1977) “Stability, change, and chance in understanding human development,” in Datan, Nancy and Reese, Wayne W. (eds.) Life-Span Development Psychology: Dialectical Perspectives in Experimental Research. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Gergen, Kenneth J. (1985) “The social constructionist movement in modern psychology.” American Psychologist 40: 266–75.Google Scholar
Gergen, Kenneth J., and Gergen, Mary M. (1986) “Narrative form and the construction of psychological science,” in Sarbin, Theodore R. (ed.) Narrative Psychology: The Storied Nature of Human Conduct. New York: Praeger: 22–44.Google Scholar
Giddens, Anthony (1981) The Class Structure of Advanced Societies. London: Hutchinson.Google Scholar
Ginzburg, Carlo (1982) The Cheese and the Worms. New York: Penguin.Google Scholar
Gordon, Linda (1986) “What’s new in women’s history,” in Lauretis, Teresa de (ed.) Feminist Studies/Critical Studies. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Graham, Elspeth, Hinds, Hilary, Hobby, Elaine, and Wilcox, Helen (eds.) (1989) Her Own Life: Autobiographical Writings by Seventeenth-Century English-women. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Granovetter, Mark (1985) “Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness.” American Journal of Sociology 91: 481–510.Google Scholar
Grant, Philip (1866) The Ten Hours Bill: The History of Factory Legislation. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Gray, Robbie (1986) “Deconstructing the English working class.” Social History 11:3363–73.Google Scholar
Gray, Robbie (1987) “The languages of factory reform in Britain, c. 1830–1860,” in Joyce, P. (ed.) The Historical Meaning of Work. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 143–79.Google Scholar
Hales, Susan (1985) “The inadvertant rediscovery of self in social psychology.” Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior 15 (October): 237–82.Google Scholar
Hall, S. and Held, D. (1989) “Left and rights.” Marxism Today (June): 16–22.Google Scholar
Hammond, J., and Hammond, B. (1919) The Skilled Laborer, 1760–1832. New York: Longmans.Google Scholar
Hart, Janet (1989) “Redeeming the voices of a ‘sacrificed generation’: Oral histories of women in the Greek resistance.” International Journal of Oral History. 10(1): 3–30.Google Scholar
Hart, Janet (1990) “Women in the Greek resistance: National crisis and political transformation.” International Labour and Working-Class History (special issue on the working class in World War II) 38 (Fall): 46–62.Google Scholar
Hart, Janet (1991) “Empowerment and political opportunity: Greek women in resistance, 1941–1964.” Ph.D. dissertation, Cornell University. Forthcoming as Gender and the War of Position: Nationalism and Resistance in Greece, 1941–1964. The Wilder House Series in Politics, History, and Culture. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Hempel, Carl G. (1942, 1959) “The function of general laws in history,” in Gardiner, Patrick (ed.) Theories of History. New York: Free Press of Glencoe: 344–56.Google Scholar
Hempel, Carl G. (1962, 1966) “Explanation in science and history,” in Dray, William H. (ed.) Philosophical Analysis and History. New York: Harper and Row: 95–126.Google Scholar
Herrup, Cynthia (1985) “Law and mortality in seventeenth-century England.” Past and Present 106: 102–23.Google Scholar
Herrup, Cynthia (1987) The Common Peace. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hill, C. (1981) “Parliament and people in seventeenth century England.” Past and Present 142: 100–124.Google Scholar
Hirschman, A. (1984) “Against parsimony.” American Economic Papers and Proceedings: 89–96.Google Scholar
Hirschman, A. (1986) Rival Views of Market Society and Other Recent Essays. New York: Viking Press.Google Scholar
Hobsbawm, E. J. (1964) “The machine breakers,” in Hobsbawm, E. J. (ed.) Labouring Men. London: Wiedenfeld.Google Scholar
Hobsbawm, E. J. (1984) “Artisan or labour aristocrat?” Economic History Review 37:355–72.Google Scholar
Holton, R. J. (1978) “The crowd in history: Some problems of theory and method.” Social History 3: 219–33.Google Scholar
Hovell, M. (1966) The Chartist Movement. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Hunt, Lynn (1986) “French history in the last twenty years: The rise and fall of the Annales paradigm.” Journal of Contemporary History 21: 209–24.Google Scholar
Hunt, Lynn (ed.) (1989) The New Cultural History. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Hutchins, Elizabeth L. (1926) A History of Factory Legislation. Westminster: P. S. King and Staples.Google Scholar
Jameson, Fredric (1981) The Political Unconscious: Narrative as a Socially Symbolic Act. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Jones, D. (1975) Chartism and the Chartists. London: Allen Lane.Google Scholar
Jones, Gareth Stedman (1983) Languages of Class: Studies in English Working-Class History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Jones, Gareth Stedman (1984) “Karl Marx and the English labour movement.” History Workshop Journal 18: 124–37.Google Scholar
Kalman, Laura (1987) Legal Realism at Yale. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Kammen, Michael (ed.) (1980) The Past Before Us: Contemporary Historical Writing in the United States. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Katznelson, Ira (1986) “Introduction,” in Katznelson, Ira and Zolberg, Aristide R. (eds.) Working-Class Formation: Nineteenth-Century Patterns of Western Europe and the United States. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press: 3–41.Google Scholar
Katznelson, Ira, and Zolberg, Aristide (eds.) (1986) Working-Class Formation: Nineteenth-Century Patterns in Western Europe and the United States. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Kemper, Susan (1984) “The development of narrative skills: Explanations and entertainments,” in Kuczaj, Stan A. II (ed.) Discourse Development: Progress in Cognitive Development Research. New York: Springer-Verlag: 99–124.Google Scholar
Kermode, Frank (1984) “Secrets and narrative sequence,” in Mitchell, W. J. T. (ed.) On Narrative. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Kirby, R. G., and Musson, A. E. (1975) The Voice of the People, John Doherty, 1798–1854: Trade Unionist, Radical and Factory Reformer. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Kleinman, Arthur (1988) The Illness Narratives. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Kuhn, Thomas (1970) The Structure of Scientific Revolution, 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Kydd, Samuel (1857) The History of the Factory Movement from the Year 1802 to the Enactment of the Ten Hours’ Bill in 1847. London: Simpkin, Marshall.Google Scholar
Linde, Charlotte (1986) “Private stories in public discourse: Narrative analysis in the social sciences.” Poetics 15: 183–202.Google Scholar
Lyotard, Jean-François (1984) The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
MacIntyre, Alasdair (1981) After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
McNall, Scott G., Levine, Rhonda R., and Fantasia, Rick (eds.) (1991) Bringing Class Back In: Contemporary and Historical Perspectives. Boulder, co: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Mann, Michael (1986) The Origins of Social Power, vol. 1: A History of Power from the Beginning to A.D. 1760. London: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mantoux, P. (1961) The Industrial Revolution in the Eighteenth Century: An Outline of the Beginnings of the Modern Factory System in England. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Marshall, T. H. (1950) Citzenship and Social Class. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Martin, Joanne, Feldman, Martha S., Hatch, Mary Jo, and Sim, Sim B. (1983) “The uniqueness paradox in organizational stories.” Administrative Science Quarterly 28: 438–53.Google Scholar
Marx, Karl (1977) “The working day.” Capital, vol. 1. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Maynes, Mary Jo (1989) “Gender and narrative form in French and German working-class autobiographies,” in Personal Narratives Group (ed.) Interpreting Women’s Lives: Feminist Theory and Personal Narratives. Bloomington: Indiana University Press: 103–17.Google Scholar
Megill, Allan (1989) “Recounting the past: ‘Description,’ explanation, and narrative in historiography.” American Historical Review 94 (3): 627–53.Google Scholar
Megill, Allan (1991) “Fragmentation and the future of historiography.” American Historical Review 96 (June). Meyer, John W., and Scott, John (1983) Organizational Environments: Ritual and Rationality. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Miller, Nancy K. (1991) Getting Personal: Feminist Occasions and Other Autobiographical Acts. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Mink, Louis O. (1965, 1966) “The autonomy of historical understanding,” in Dray, William H. (ed.) Philosophical Analysis and History. New York: Harper and Row: 160–92.Google Scholar
Mink, Louis O. (1974) “History and fiction as modes of comprehension,” in Cohen, Ralph (ed.) New Directions in Literary History. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Mink, Louis O. (1978) “Narrative form as a cognitive instrument,” in Canary, Robert H. and Kozicki, Henry (eds.) The Writing of History: Literary Form and Historical Understanding. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Minow, Martha (1987) “Interpreting rights: An essay for Robert Cover.” Yale Law Review 96: 1860–1915.Google Scholar
Mitchell, W. J. T. (ed.) (1981) Recent Theories of Narrative. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Mitroff, Ian, and Killman, R. H. (1975) “Stories managers tell: A new tool for organizational problem solving.” Management Review 64: 18–28.Google Scholar
Moore, S. F. (1978) Law as Process. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Musson, A. E. (1972) British Trade Unions, 1800–1875. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Musson, A. E. (1976) “Class struggle and the labour aristocracy, 1830–1860.” Social History 3: 61–82.Google Scholar
Nehamas, Alexander (1985) Nietzche: Life as Literature. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Novick, Peter (1991) “My correct views on everything.” American Historical Review 96: 699–703.Google Scholar
Ortner, Sherry (1991) “Narrativity in history, culture, and lives.” CSST Working Paper 66, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Perkin, H. L. (1969) The Origins of Modern English Society, 1790–1880. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Personal Narratives Group (ed.) (1989) Interpreting Women’s Lives: Feminist Theory and Personal Narratives. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Polanyi, Karl (1944) The Great Transformation. New York: Farar and Rhinehart.Google Scholar
Polanyi, Livia (1985) Telling the American Story. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.Google Scholar
Polanyi, Michael (1958) Personal Knowledge. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Polkinghorne, Donald (1988) Narrative Knowing and the Human Sciences. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Prothero, I. (1974) “William Benbow and the Concept of the General Strike.” Past and Present 63: 132–71.Google Scholar
Prothero, I. (1979) Artisans and Politics in Early Nineteenth Century London: John Gast and His Times. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University; Folkstone, England: Dawson.Google Scholar
Reed, John Shelton (1989) “On narrative and sociology.” Social Forces 68 (1): 1–14.Google Scholar
Ricoeur, Paul (1979) “The human experience of time and narrative.” Research in Phenomenology 9: 25.Google Scholar
Ricoeur, Paul (1981) “Narrative time,” in Mitchell, W. J. T. (ed.) On Narrative. Chicago: University of Chicago Press: 165–86.Google Scholar
Ricoeur, Paul (1984–1986) Time and Narrative. 2 vols. Trans. McLaughlin, Kathleen and Pellauer, David. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Rimlinger, G. (1971) Welfare Policy and Industrialization in Europe, America and Russia. New York: John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Rogers, D. T. (1987) Contested Truths: Keywords in American Politics Since Independence. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Rose, Sonya (1991) Limited Livelihood. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Rostow, W. W. (1960) The Stages of Economic Growth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Rude, G. (1964) The Crowd in History. New York: John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Rule, J. (1986) The labouring classes in early industrial England, 1750–1850. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Rule, J. (1987) “The property of skill in the period of manufacture,” in Joyce, P. (ed.) The Historical Meanings of Work. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 99–118.Google Scholar
Sahlins, M. (1976) Culture and Practical Reason. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Sarbin, Theodore R. (ed.) (1986) Narrative Psychology: The Storied Nature of Human Conduct. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Saville, John (1988) The British State and the Chartist Movement. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Schafer, Roy (1981) “Narration in the psychoanalytical dialogue,” in Mitchell, W. J. T. (ed.) On Narrative. Chicago: University of Chicago Press: 25–49.Google Scholar
Schafer, Roy (1983) The Analytic Attitude. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Scholes, Robert, and Kellogg, Robert (1966) The Nature of Narrative. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Scott, Joan (1987) “L’ouvriere! Mot impie, sordide …: Women workers in the discourse of French political economy, 1840–1860,” in Joyce, P. (ed.) The Historical Meanings of Work. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 119–42.Google Scholar
Scott, Joan (1988a) Gender and the Politics of History. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Scott, Joan (1988b) “On language, gender, and working-class history,” in Scott, Joan (ed.) Gender and the Politics of History: 53–67Google Scholar
Scott, Joan (1988c) “Work identities for men and women: The politics of work and family in the Parisian garments trades in 1848,” in Scott, Joan (ed.) Gender and the Politics of History: 93–112.Google Scholar
Sewell, William (1980) Work and Revolution in France. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Smelser, Neil (1959) Social Change in the Industrial Revolution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Smircich, Linda (1983a) “Concepts of culture and organizational analysis.” Administrative Science Quarterly 28: 339–58.Google Scholar
Smircich, Linda (1983b) “Studying organizations as cultures,” in Morgan, Gareth (ed.) Beyond Method: Strategies for Social Research. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage: 160–72.Google Scholar
Somers, Margaret R. (1986) “The people and the law: Narrative identity and the place of the public sphere in the formation of English working class politics—1300-1850, a comparative analysis.” Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University.Google Scholar
Somers, Margaret R. (1989a) “Workers of the world, compare!” Contemporary Sociology 18 (May): 325–29.Google Scholar
Somers, Margaret R. (1989b) “Why social theory needs history: Reflections on the epistemological encounters in the social sciences.” CCST Working Paper 33, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Somers, Margaret R. (1990) “Narrativity, culture, and causality: Toward a new historical epistemology (or where is sociology after the historic turn?).” Paper presented at the conference, Historic Turn in the Human Sciences, University of Michigan, October 5–6. CSST Working Paper 54, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Somers, Margaret R. (1991) “Political culture and the public sphere: Rethinking the making of citizenship.” CSST Working Paper 68, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Somers, Margaret R. (1992a) “Where is sociology after the historic turn? Knowledge cultures and historical epistemologies,” forthcoming in McDonald, Terrence J. (ed.) The Historic Turn in the Human Sciences. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Somers, Margaret R. (1992b) “A people without social relations is a people with property: property, relationality, and social networks in the formation of political rights,” forthcoming in Brewer, John (ed.) Early Modern Conceptions of Property. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Spence, Donald P. (1982) Narrative Truth and Historical Truth: Meaning and Interpretation in Psychoanalysis. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Stearns, Peter N. (1985) “Social history and history: A progress report.” Journal of Social History 19 (1985): 319–34.Google Scholar
Steinberg, Marc (1989) “Worthy of hire: Discourse, ideology, and collective action among English working-class trade groups, 1800–1830.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Steinberg, Marc (1991) “Talkin’ class: Discourse, ideology, and their roles in class conflict,” in McNall, Scott et al. (eds.) Bringing Class Back In. Boulder, co: Westview Press: 261–84.Google Scholar
Stoianovich, Traian (1976) French Historical Method: The Annales Paradigm. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Stone, Lawrence (1979) “The revival of narrative: Reflections on an old new history.” Past and Present 85: 3–25.Google Scholar
Stone, Lawrence (1981) “The law,” in Stone, Lawrence, The Past and the Present. Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul: 189–99.Google Scholar
Swedberg, Richard (1987) “Economic sociology.” Current Sociology 35:1–221.Google Scholar
Swift, Graham (1983) Waterland. New York: Washington Square Press.Google Scholar
Taylor, B. (1983) Eve and the New Jerusalem. New York: Pantheon.Google Scholar
Taylor, Charles (1989) Sources of the Self. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Thomis, M. I. (1970) The Luddites. Newton Abbott, England: David and Charlesxs.Google Scholar
Thompson, D. (1984) The Chartists: Popular Politics in the Industrial Revolution. New York: Pantheon.Google Scholar
Thompson, E. P. (1965, 1978) “Peculiarities of the English.” Socialist Register pp. 311–62. Reprinted in Thompson, E. P., The Poverty of Theory and Other Essays. London: Merlin Press: 35–91.Google Scholar
Thompson, E. P. (1966) The Making of the English Working Class. New York: Vintage.Google Scholar
Thompson, E. P. (1975) Whigs and Hunters: The Origin of the Black Act. New York: Pantheon.Google Scholar
Tilly, Charles (1982a) “Britain creates the social movement,” in Cronin, J. E. and Schneer, J. (eds.) Social Conflict and the Political Order in Modern Britain. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Tilly, Charles (1982b) “Proletarianization and rural collective action in East Anglia and elsewhere, 1500–1900.” Peasant Studies 10 (1): 5–34.Google Scholar
Tilly, Charles (1990) “Where do rights come from?” Working Paper 98, Center for Studies of Social Change, New School for Social Research.Google Scholar
Tilly, Charles (1991) “From mutiny to mass mobilization in Great Britain, 1758–1834.” Working Paper 109, Center for Studies of Social Change, New School for Social Research.Google Scholar
Toynbee, Arnold (1884, 1969) Toynbee’s Industrial Revolution. Intro. Ashton, T. S.. New York: Kelley.Google Scholar
Turner, Victor W., and Bruner, Edward M. (eds.) (1986) The Anthropology of Experience. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Veyne, Paul (1971, 1984) Writing History: Essay of Epistemology, translated by Moore-Rinvolucri, Mina. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.Google Scholar
Vincent, D. (1981) Bread, Knowledge and Freedom: A Study in Nineteenth-Century Working Class Autobiography. London: Europa Publications.Google Scholar
Walzer, M. (1982) Spheres of Justice. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Ward, J. T. (1962) The Factory Movement, 1830–1850. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
White, Harrison C., Boorman, Scott A., and Breiger, Ronald L. (1976) “Social structure from multiple networks: Part I. Blockmodels of roles and positions.” American Journal of Sociology 81 (4): 730–80.Google Scholar
White, Hayden (1973) Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Europe. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
White, Hayden (1981) “The value of narrativity in the representation of reality,” in Mitchell, W. J. T. (ed.) On Narrative. Chicago: University of Chicago Press: 1–23.Google Scholar
White, Hayden (1984) “The question of narrative in contemporary historical theory.” History and Theory 23: 1–33.Google Scholar
White, Hayden (1987) The Content of the Form. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Williams, Gareth (1984) “The genesis of chronic illness: Narrative reconstruction.” Sociology of Health and Illness 6: 175–200.Google Scholar
Witherell, Carol, and Noddings, Nel (eds.) (1991) Stories Lives Tell: Narrative and Dialogue in Education. New York: Teachers College Press.Google Scholar
Wright, Erik Olin (1985) Classes. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Yeo, E. (1971) “Robert Owen and Radical Culture,” in Pollard, S. and Salt, J. (eds.) Robert Owen, Prophet of the Poor. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Zerilli, Linda M. G. (1991) “Rememoration or war? French feminist narrative and the politics of self-representation.” Differences 3 (1): 1–19.Google Scholar
Zolberg, Aristide (1986) “How many exceptionalisms?” in Katznelson, Ira and Zolberg, Aristide R. (eds.) Working-Class Formation: Nineteenth-Century Patterns of Western Europe and the United States. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar