Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T08:32:15.207Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Autonomy Support, Basic Psychological Needs and Well-Being in Mexican Athletes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2013

Jeanette López-Walle ,
Isabel Balaguer ,
Isabel Castillo  and
José Tristán
Jeanette López-Walle*
Affiliation:
Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (Mexico)
Isabel Balaguer
Affiliation:
Universitat de València (Spain)
Isabel Castillo
Affiliation:
Universitat de València (Spain)
José Tristán
Affiliation:
Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (Mexico)
*
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Jeanette López-Walle. Facultad de Organización Deportiva. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Avda. Universidad s/n Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, 66051, Nuevo León (Mexico). Phone: +52-813675384. Email: jmlopezw@yahoo.com.mx
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Based on Basic Needs Theory, one of the mini-theories of Self-determination Theory (Ryan & Deci, 2002), the present study had two objectives: (a) to test a model in the Mexican sport context based on the following sequence: perceived coach autonomy support, basic psychological needs satisfaction, and psychological well-being, and b) to analyze the mediational effect of the satisfaction of perceived coach autonomy support on indicators of psychological well-being (satisfaction with life and subjective vitality). Six hundred and sixty-nine young Mexican athletes (Boys = 339; Girls = 330; Mage = 13.95) filled out a questionnaire assessing the study variables. Structural equations analyses revealed that perceived coach autonomy support predicted satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Furthermore, basic need satisfaction predicted subjective vitality and satisfaction with life. Autonomy, competence and relatedness partially mediated the path from perceived coach autonomy support to psychological well-being in young Mexican athletes.

Basado en la Teoría de las Necesidades Básicas, una de las mini-teorías de la Teoría de la Auto-Determinación (Ryan & Deci, 2002), dos fueron los objetivos del presente estudio: (a) poner a prueba, en el contexto deportivo mexicano, un modelo basado en la secuencia: percepción del apoyo a la autonomía ofrecido por el entrenador, satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas y bienestar psicológico, y (b) analizar la mediación de la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas entre la percepción de apoyo a la autonomía y los indicadores de bienestar psicológico (satisfacción con la vida y vitalidad subjetiva). Seiscientos sesenta y nueve jóvenes deportistas mexicanos (Chicos = 339, Chicas = 330, Medad = 13.95) completaron un cuestionario que evaluaba las variables del estudio. Los análisis de ecuaciones estructurales revelaron que la percepción de apoyo a la autonomía ofrecido por el entrenador predecía la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas de autonomía, competencia y relación. A su vez, la satisfacción de las tres necesidades actuó como predictora de la vitalidad subjetiva y de la satisfacción con la vida. Los análisis de la mediación informaron que la autonomía, la competencia y la relación mediaron parcialmente la relación entre la percepción de apoyo a la autonomía ofrecido por el entrenador y el bienestar psicológico de los jóvenes deportistas mexicanos.

Keywords

autonomy supportpsychological needs satisfactionwell-beingBasic Needs TheoryMexican athletesapoyo a la autonomíasatisfacción de las necesidades psicológicasbienestarTeoría de las Necesidades Básicasdeportistas Mexicanos
Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 15 , Issue 3 , November 2012 , pp. 1283 - 1292
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adie, J. W., Duda, J. L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2008). Autonomy support, basic need satisfaction and the optimal functioning of adult male and female sport participants: Atest of basic needs theory. Motivation and Emotion, 32, 189–199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11031-008-9095-zCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Álvarez, M. S., Balaguer, I., Castillo, I., & Duda, J. L. (2009). Coach autonomy support and quality of sport engagement in young soccer players. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 12, 138–148.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arbuckle, J. L. (2006). AMOS (Version 7.0). Chicago, IL: SmallWaters Corp.Google Scholar
Atienza, F. L., Pons, D., Balaguer, I., & García-Merita, M. (2000). Psychometric properties of the satisfaction with life scale in adolescents. Psicothema, 12, 314–319.Google Scholar
Balaguer, I., & Castillo, I. (2007, June). Relationship of coach-provided autonomy support to need satisfaction and well-being in young elite female tennis players. Paper presented at the 2007 Annual Meeting of the International Society for Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. Oslo, Norway.Google Scholar
Balaguer, I., Castillo, I., & Duda, J. L. (2008). Apoyo a la autonomía, satisfacción de las necesidades, motivación y bienestar en deportistas de competición: Un análisis de la teoría de la autodeterminación [Autonomy support, needs satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in competitive athletes: A test of Self-determination Theory]. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 17, 123–139.Google Scholar
Balaguer, I., Castillo, I., Duda, J. L., & Tomás, I. (2009). Análisis de las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del cuestionario de clima en el deporte [Analysis of the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Sport Climate Questionnaire]. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 18, 73–83.Google Scholar
Balaguer, I., Castillo, I., García-Merita, M., & Mars, L. (2005, July). Implications of structured extracurricular activities on adolescent's well being and risk behaviors: motivational mechanisms. Paper presented at the 9th European Congress of Psychology. Granada. Spain.Google Scholar
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In Bollen, K. A., & Long, J. S. (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136–162). Newsbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Cox, A., & Williams, L. (2008). The roles of perceived teacher support, motivational climate, and psychological need satisfaction in students' physical education motivation. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 30, 222–239.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16, 297–334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cuttance, P. (1987). Issues and problems in the application of structural equation models. In Cuttance, P. & Ecob, R. (Eds.), Structural Modeling by Example (pp. 241–279). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511601118.014Google Scholar
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York, NY: PlenumCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227–268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (n.d.). Self Determination Theory – SDT. University of Rochester, Rochester, NY. Retrieved from http://www.psych.rochester.edu/SDT/Google Scholar
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (n.d.). Sport Climate Questionnaire. University of Rochester, Rochester, NY. Retrieved from http://www.selfdeterminationtheory.org/questionnaires/10-questionnaires/84Google Scholar
Diener, E., Emmons, R.A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duda, J. L., & Hayashi, C. T. (1998). Measurement issues in cross-cultural research within sport and exercise psychology. In Duda, J. L. (Ed.), Advances in sport and exercise psychology measurement (pp. 471–483). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology, Inc.Google Scholar
Edmunds, J., Ntoumanis, N., & Duda, J. L. (2007). Adherence and well-being in overweight and obese patients referred to an exercise on prescription scheme: A self-determination theory perspective. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 8, 722–740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.07.006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gagne, M., Ryan, R. M., & Bargmann, K. (2003). Autonomy support and need satisfaction in the motivation and well-being of gymnasts. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 15, 372–390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/714044203CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fierro, D., & Moreno, A. (2007). Emerging adulthood in Mexican and Spanish youth -Theories and realities. Journal of Adolescent Research, 22, 476–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0743558407305774CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoelter, J. W. (1983). The analysis of covariance structures: Goodness of fit indices. Sociological Methods and Research, 11, 325–344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049124183011003003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmbeck, G. N. (1997). Toward terminological, conceptual, and statistical clarity in the study of mediators and moderators: Examples from the child-clinical and pediatric psychology literatures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 599–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0022-006X.65.4.599CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hu, L.-T., & Bentler, P. (1995). Evaluating model fit. In Hoyle, R. H. (Ed.), Structural equation modeling. Concepts, issues, and applications (pp. 76–99). London, England: Sage.Google Scholar
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cut-off criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118CrossRefGoogle Scholar
López-Walle, J., Tomás, I., Castillo, I., Tristán, J., & Balaguer, I. (2011). Invarianza factorial del TEOSQ en jóvenes deportistas mexicanos y españoles [Cross-cultural validation of the TEOSQ in Mexican and Spanish junior athletes]. Revista Mexicana de Psicología, 28, 53–61.Google Scholar
Mardia, K. V. (1974). Applications of some measures of multivariate skewness and kurtosis in testing normality and robustness studies. Sankhya, Series B, 36, 115–128.Google Scholar
McAuley, E., Duncan, T., & Tammen, V. V. (1989). Psychometric properties of the intrinsic motivation inventory in a competitive sport setting—a confirmatory factor-analysis. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport, 60, 48–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDonough, M. H., & Crocker, P. R. E. (2007). Testing self-determined motivation as a mediator of the relationship between psychological needs and affective and behavioral outcomes. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 29, 645–663.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Muñiz, J. (1996). Psicometría [Psychometrics]. Madrid, Spain: Universitas, S.A.Google Scholar
Muthen, B., & Kaplan, D. (1985). A comparison of some methodologies for the factor analysis of non-normal Likert variables. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 38, 171–189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8317.1985.tb00832.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pavot, W., Diener, E., Colvin, C. R., & Sandvik, E. (1991). Further validation of the Satisfaction With Life Scale: Evidence for the cross-method convergence of well-being. Journal of Personality Assessment, 57, 149–161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5701_17CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pérez-Gil, J. A., Moscoso, S. C., & Rodríguez, R. M. (2000). Construct validity: The rise of factor analysis. Psicothema, 12, 442–446.Google Scholar
Reinboth, M., & Duda, J. L. (2006). Perceived motivational climate, need satisfaction and indices of well-being in team sports: A longitudinal perspective. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 7, 269–286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2005.06.002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reinboth, M., Duda, J. L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2004). Dimensions of coaching behavior, need satisfaction, and the psychological and physical welfare of young athletes. Motivation and Emotion, 28, 297–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:MOEM.0000040156.81924.b8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richer, S., & Vallerand, R. J. (1998). Construction and validation of the Perceived Relatedness Scale. Revue Européene de Psychologie Appliquée, 48, 129–137.Google Scholar
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0003-066X.55.1.68CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 141–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2002). An overview of self-determination theory: An organismic dialectical perspective. In Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R., (Eds.), Handbook of Self-determination Research (pp. 3–33). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.Google Scholar
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2007). Active human nature: Self-determination theory and the promotion and maintenance of sport, exercise, and health. In Hagger, M. S., & Chatzisarantis, N. L. (Eds.), Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in exercise and sport (pp. 1–19). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.Google Scholar
Ryan, R. M., & Frederick, C. (1997). On energy, personality, and health: Subjective vitality as a dynamic reflection of well-being. Journal of Personality, 65, 529–565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1997.tb00326.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, G. C., Grow, V. M., Freedman, Z., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (1996). Motivational predictors of weight loss and weight-loss maintenance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 115–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.70.1.115CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed