Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-11T05:42:53.112Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Evaluation of a Group Cue-Exposure Treatment for Opiate Addicts

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 April 2014

Mónica Bernaldo de Quirós Aragón ,
Francisco J. Labrador  and
Fernando de Arce
Mónica Bernaldo de Quirós Aragón*
Affiliation:
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Francisco J. Labrador
Affiliation:
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Fernando de Arce
Affiliation:
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
*
Correspondence should be addressed to Mónica Bernaldo de Quirós Aragón, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Campus de Somosagüas, 28223 Madrid (Spain). Phone: 34-91-3943126. Fax: 34-91-3943189. E-mail: mbquirosmb@hotmail.com.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Twenty-four detoxified opiate addicts were randomized to an experimental group and a control group to evaluate efficacy of a group cue-exposure treatment to reduce or extinguish classically conditioned responses to drug-related stimuli. Assessment included psychophysiological responses (skin temperature, skin conductance level—SCL—, and heart rate) to a videotape and subjective measures (subjective craving, positive and negative affect) before and after the videotape. The experimental group received a group cue-exposure program to drug-related stimuli that comprised twelve treatment sessions administered three times weekly. The treatment program significantly reduced conditioned responses to drug-related stimuli, as measured by SCL and positive affect.

Veinticuatro adictos a los opiáceos, ya desintoxicados, fueron asignados de forma aleatoria a un grupo experimental y un grupo control para evaluar la eficacia de un tratamiento de exposición para reducir o extinguir las respuestas condicionadas a los estímulos asociados con la droga. La evaluación incluyó las respuestas psicofisiológicas (temperatura periférica, nivel de conductancia dermoeléctrica y frecuencia cardiaca) emitidas ante la presentación de un video, así como medidas subjetivas (grado de “deseo” subjetivo, afecto positivo y negativo) antes y después de la presentación del video. El grupo experimental recibió un programa de exposición en grupo a estímulos relacionados con la droga, consistente en doce sesiones de tratamiento con una periodicidad de tres veces por semana. El programa de tratamiento redujo de forma significativa las respuestas condicionadas a los estímulos relacionados con la droga, de acuerdo con las medidas de nivel de conductancia electrotérmica y afecto positivo.

Keywords

Key words: cravingcue-exposurepsychophysiological assessmentaddictions“deseo”exposición a clavesevaluación psicofisiológicaadicciones
Type
Articles
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 8 , Issue 2 , November 2005 , pp. 229 - 237
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arce, F. (1995). Respuestas psicofisiológicas y de autoinforme de adictos a la heroína ante situaciones relacionadas y no relacionadas con drogas. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Universidad Complutense de Madrid.Google Scholar
Arce, F., Bernaldo de Quirós, M., & Labrador, F.J. (1994). Diseño de una sesión de evaluación psicofisiológica para drogodependientes ante material audiovisual. Cuadernos de Medicina Psicosomática, 32, 6–13.Google Scholar
Bernaldo de Quirós, M., Arce, F., & Labrador, F.J. (2002). La evaluación del deseo de consumo condicionado a estímulos relacionados con drogas [Evaluation of craving related to conditioned drug stimuli]. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 2, 237–252.Google Scholar
Bradley, B.P., & Moorey, S. (1988). Extinction of craving during exposure to drug-related cues: Three single case reports. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 16, 45–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Childress, A.R. (1991, February). Integrating cue exposure techniques with standard psychological treatment for cocaine dependence. Presented at the NIDA/ARC Symposium on Craving.Google Scholar
Childress, A.R., McLellan, A.T., & O'Brien, C.P. (1984). Measurement of conditioned withdrawal-like responses in opiate dependent patients. Problems of Drug Dependence. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Research Monograph 49, 212–219.Google ScholarPubMed
Childress, A.R., McLellan, A.T., & O'Brien, C.P. (1986a). Nature and incidence of conditioned responses in a methadone population: A comparison of laboratory, clinic and naturalistic settings. Problems of Drug Dependence. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Research Monograph 67, 366–372.Google Scholar
Childress, A.R., McLellan, A.T., & O'Brien, C.P. (1986b). Abstinent opiate exhibit conditioned craving, conditioned withdrawal and reductions in both through extinction. British Journal of Addiction, 81, 655–660.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dawe, S., Powell, J., Richards, D., Gossop, M., Marks, I., Strang, J., & Gray, J.A. (1993). Does post-withdrawal cue exposure improve outcome in opiate addicts? A controlled trial. Addiction, 88, 1233–1245.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Derogatis, L.R. (1983). SCL-R: Administration, scoring and procedures manual for the R(evised) version. Towson, MD: Clinical Psychometric Research.Google Scholar
Drummond, D.C., Troy, C., & Glautier, S.P. (1990). Conditioned learning in alcohol dependence: Implications for cue exposure treatment. British Journal of Addiction, 85, 725–743.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
J&J Enterprises (1988). USE language and PC interface. San Francisco, CA: Applied Psychophysiology Institutes.Google Scholar
Kasviskis, Y., Bradley, B., Powell, J., Marks, I., & Gray, J.A. (1991). Postwithdrawal exposure treatment to prevent relapse in opiate addicts: A pilot study. The International Journal of the Addictions, 26, 1187–1195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Legarda, J.J. (1992). Experimental study about craving and heroin addiction treatment. London: Psychology Department. Psychiatry InstituteGoogle Scholar
Legarda, J.J., Bradley, B.P., & Sartory, G. (1987). Subjective and psychophysiological effects of drug-related cues in drug users. Journal of Psychophysiology, 4, 393–400.Google Scholar
Legarda, J.J., Bradley, B.P., & Sartory, G. (1990). Effects of drugrelated cues in current and former opiate users. Journal of Psychophysiology, 4, 25–31.Google Scholar
Manzano, A. (1995). Inferencia estadística. Aplicaciones con SPSS/PC+. Madrid: Ra-Ma.Google Scholar
Marlatt, G.A. (1990). Cue exposure and relapse prevention in the treatment of addictive behaviors. Addictive Behaviors, 15, 397–401.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McLellan, A.T., Childress, A.R., Ehrman, R., & O'Brien, C.P. (1986). Extinguishing conditioned responses during opiate dependence treatment: Turning laboratory findings into clinical procedures. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 3, 33–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McNair, D.M., Lorr, M., & Droppleman, L.F. (1971/1981). Profile of Mood States Manual. San Diego, CA: Educational and Industrial Testing Service.Google Scholar
Moring, J., & Strang, J. (1989). Cue exposure as an assessment technique in the management of a heroin addict: Case report. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 24, 161–167.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Muñoz-Rivas, M. (1997). Aplicación de la técnica de exposición en un caso de adicción a la heroína. Adicciones, 9, 347–362.Google Scholar
O'Brien, C.P., Childress, A.R., McLellan, A.T., & Ehrman, R. (1990). Integrating systematic cue exposure with standard treatment in recovering drug dependent patients. Addictive Behaviors, 15, 355–365.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Brien, C.P., Greenstein, R., Ternes, J., McLellan, T., & Grabowski, J. (1979). Unreinforced self-injections: Effects of rituals and outcomes in heroin addicts. Problems of Drug Dependence. CPDD Proceedings. NIDA Research Monograph 27.Google Scholar
Powell, J., Gray, J., & Bradley, B. (1993). Subjective craving for opiates: Evaluation of a cue exposure protocol for use with detoxified opiate addicts. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 32, 39–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Powell, J., Gray, J.A., Bradley, B., Kasviskis, Y., Strang, J., Barrat, L., & Marks, I. (1990). The effects of exposure to drug-related cues in detoxified opiate addicts: A theoretical review and some new data. Addictive Behaviors, 15, 339–354.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rankin, H., Hodgson, R., & Stockwell, T. (1979). The concept of craving and its measurement. Behavioral Research and Therapy, 17, 389–396.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sideroff, S.I., & Jarvik, M.E. (1980). Conditioned responses to a videotape showing heroin-related stimuli. The International Journal of the Addictions, 15, 529–536.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Watson, D., Clark, L.A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063–1070.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed