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Executive Functions Influence on Memory Process in Patients with Paranoid Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders with and without Psychotic Symptoms. A Pilot Study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 August 2021

Eduardo García-Laredo Open the ORCID record for Eduardo García-Laredo [Opens in a new window] ,
Miguel Ángel Castellanos Open the ORCID record for Miguel Ángel Castellanos [Opens in a new window] ,
Esperanza Badaya Open the ORCID record for Esperanza Badaya [Opens in a new window] ,
Nuria Paúl Open the ORCID record for Nuria Paúl [Opens in a new window] ,
Raquel Yubero ,
Fernando Maestú Open the ORCID record for Fernando Maestú [Opens in a new window] ,
Juan D. Molina Open the ORCID record for Juan D. Molina [Opens in a new window]  and
José Chacón
Eduardo García-Laredo*
Affiliation:
Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (Spain)
Miguel Ángel Castellanos
Affiliation:
Universidad Complutense (Spain)
Esperanza Badaya
Affiliation:
The University of Edinburgh (Scotland)
Nuria Paúl
Affiliation:
Universidad Complutense (Spain)
Raquel Yubero
Affiliation:
Universidad Complutense (Spain)
Fernando Maestú
Affiliation:
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (Spain)
Juan D. Molina
Affiliation:
Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (Spain)
José Chacón
Affiliation:
Universidad Complutense (Spain)
*
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Eduardo García-Laredo. Universidad Internacional de La Rioja. Psicología General Sanitaria. E-mail: eduardoglaredo@gmail.com
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Abstract

The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether declarative memory deficits are related to executive function deficits (EF), since they could be a consequence of a poor organization of the material to memorize. This interaction between both cognitive processes can be studied simultaneously in a single task such as the Test of Memory Strategies (TSM). 23 patients with paranoid schizophrenic disorder, 11 with bipolar disorder with psychotic symptoms, 13 with bipolar disorder without psychotic symptoms and 15 healthy subjects were evaluated with the TSM; with the memory test Texts A and B (subtest of the Barcelona neuropsychological assessment battery), which assesses short-term and immediate recall without the influence of EF; and with the Trail Making Test (TMT): Part A (sustained attention) and Part B (executive control). The patients groups and the control group showed an improvement in memory performance across each of the TSM conditions. However, this facilitating effect of the strategies differed among the groups (the patients with higher EF deficits showed less improvement). Regarding these results, we conclude that this cognitive process cannot be independent of EF. However, due to the pilot nature of this study, it would be recommended to replicate these findings in new studies.

Keywords

bipolar disorderexecutive functionslearning and memorymeta cognitionschizophrenia
Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 24 , 2021 , e40
Copyright
© Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid 2021

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Footnotes

Conflicts of Interest: None.

Funding Statement: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency, commercial or not-for-profit sectors

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