Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T07:21:38.988Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Prevalence of Mental Disorders in the Elderly in the Community of Madrid: Results of the Mentdis_ICF65+ Study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 February 2017

Berta Ausín ,
Manuel Muñoz ,
Ana Belén Santos-Olmo ,
Eloísa Pérez-Santos  and
Miguel A. Castellanos
Berta Ausín*
Affiliation:
Universidad Complutense (Spain)
Manuel Muñoz
Affiliation:
Universidad Complutense (Spain)
Ana Belén Santos-Olmo
Affiliation:
Universidad Complutense (Spain)
Eloísa Pérez-Santos
Affiliation:
Universidad Complutense (Spain)
Miguel A. Castellanos
Affiliation:
Universidad Complutense (Spain)
*
*Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Berta Ausín. Facultad de Psicología UCM. Campus de Somosaguas, s/n. 28223. Madrid (Spain). Phone: +34–913943105. E-mail: bausin@ucm.es
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The MentDis_ICF65+ Project is an epidemiological study of mental disorders in people 65 to 85 years old in several European cities, including Madrid. Its aim is to determine the lifetime, 12-month, and 1-month prevalence of the main mental disorders in the elderly. The relationship of age and sex with each mental disorder was examined. The sample was collected through random sampling of people over 65 in Madrid, and consisted of 555 persons between 65 and 85 years old. The CIDI65+ was administered. Estimates of prevalence and odds ratios (OR) were made using sample frequencies and according to sex and age. Excluding nicotine dependence, 40.12% of the sample was found to have suffered a mental disorder at some time in their lives, 29.89% in the past year, and 17.70% were currently suffering from a mental disorder. The disorders with the highest prevalence rates were anxiety disorders, alcohol-related disorders, and mood disorders. Elderly women had a higher risk of suffering an anxiety disorder (OR men/women 0.42; CI 0.25–0.68) with a significance level of p < .001, while elderly men were more affected by any substance-related disorder (OR men/women 3.96; CI 1.62–11.07) with a significance level of p < .001. Each disorder’s prevalence decreased with age (OR 65–74/75–85, 1.85; CI 1.25–2.75) with a significance level of p < .01. Results show higher prevalence rates than previous studies reported. The main implications of this study, and the need to adapt mental health services for people over 65, are highlighted.

Keywords

agedepidemiologymental disordersmental healthprevalence
Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 20 , 2017 , E6
Copyright
Copyright © Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Achterberg, W., Pot, A. M., Kerkstra, A., & Ribbe, M. (2006). Depressive symptoms in newly admitted nursing home residents. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21, 1156–1162. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.1623 Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4 th Ed., Text Rev.). Washington DC: Author.Google Scholar
Andreas, S., Härter, M., Volkert, J., Hausberg, M., Sehner, S., Wegscheider, K., ... Schulz, H. (2013). The MentDis_ICF65+ study protocol: Prevalence, 1-year incidence and symptom severity of mental disorders in the elderly and their relationship to functioning (ICF) and service utilisation. BMC Psychiatry, 13, 62. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-13-62 Google Scholar
Andreas, S., Schulz, H., Volkert, J., Dehoust, M., Sehner, S., Suling, A., ... Härter, M. (2016). Prevalence of mental disorders in elderly people: The European MentDis_ICF65+ Study. The British Journal of Psychiatry. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.115.180463 Google Scholar
Aragon, T. J., Fay, M. P., & Wollschlaeger, D. (2012). Epitools: Epidemiology tools. R package version 0.5–7. Berkeley, CA: University of California. Retrieved from http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=epitools Google Scholar
Blanco, C., Grant, J., Petry, N. M., Simpson, H. B., Alegria, A., Liu, S. M., & Hasin, D. (2008). Prevalence and correlates of shoplifting in the United States: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions (NESARC). American Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 905–913. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07101660 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blazer, D. G., & Wu, L.-T. (2009). The epidemiology of at-risk and binge drinking among middle-aged and elderly community adults: National survey on drug use and health. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 1162–1169. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09010016 Google Scholar
Brodaty, H., Luscombe, G., Parker, G., Wilhelm, K., Hickie, I., Austin, M. P., & Mitchell, P. (1997). Increased rate of psychosis and psychomotor change in depression with age. Psychological Medicine, 27, 1205–1213. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291797005436 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brodaty, H., Peters, K., Boyce, P., Hickie, I., Parker, G., Mitchell, P., & Wilhelm, K. (1991). Age and depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 23, 137–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0327(91)90026-O Google Scholar
Busch, M. A., Maske, U. E., Ryll, L., Schlack, R., & Hapke, U. (2013). Prevalence of depressive symptoms and diagnosed depression among adults in Germany: Results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1). Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz, 56, 733–739. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-013-1688-3 Google Scholar
Buys, L., Roberto, K. A., Miller, E., & Blieszner, R. (2008). Prevalence and predictors of depressive symptoms among rural older Australians and Americans. The Australian Journal of Rural Health, 16, 33–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1584.2007.00948.x Google Scholar
Byers, A. L., Yaffe, K., Covinsky, K. E., Friedman, M. B., & Bruce, M. L. (2010). High occurrence of mood and anxiety disorders among older adults: The national comorbidity survey replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67, 489–496. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.35 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Castro-Costa, E., Dewey, M., Stewart, R., Banerjee, S., Huppert, F., Mendonca-Lima, C., … Prince, M. (2007). Prevalence of depressive symptoms and syndromes in later life in ten European countries: The SHARE study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 191, 393–401. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.036772 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Djernes, J. K. (2006). Prevalence and predictors of depression in populations of elderly: A review. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 113, 372–387. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00770.x Google Scholar
Eurostat (2014). European Health Interview Survey (EHIS). Luxembourg, Luxembourg: European Union.Google Scholar
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glaesmer, H., Riedel-Heller, S., Braehler, E., Spangenberg, L., & Luppa, M. (2011). Age and gender-specific prevalence and risk factors for depressive symptoms in the elderly: A population-based study. International Psychogeriatrics, 23, 1294–1300. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610211000780 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gostynski, M., Ajdacic-Gross, V., Gutzwiller, F., Michel, J.-P., & Herrmann, F. (2002). Depression bei Betagten in der Schweiz [Depression among the elderly in Switzerland]. Nervenarzt, 73, 851–860. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-002-1369-1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gum, A. M., King-Kallimanis, B., & Kohn, R. (2009). Prevalence of mood, anxiety, and substance-abuse disorders for older Americans in the national comorbidity survey-replication. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17, 769–781. https://doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181ad4f5a CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hanson, B. S. (1994). Social network, social support and heavy drinking in elderly men: A population study of men born in 1914, Malmö, Sweden. Addiction, 89, 725–732. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb00958.x Google Scholar
Hasin, D. S., Stinson, F. S., Ogburn, E., & Grant, B. F. (2007). Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence in the United States. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64, 830–842. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.64.7.830 Google Scholar
Health and Social Care Information Centre (2014). Statistics on alcohol – England. London, UK: HSCIC.Google Scholar
Helmchen, H., Linden, M., & Wernicke, T. (1996). Psychiatrische Morbidität bei Hochbetagten [Psychiatric morbidity in the elderly]. Nervenarzt, 67, 739–750.Google Scholar
Institute of Alcohol Studies (2005). IAS fact sheet: Alcohol consumption and harm in the UK and EU. St Ives, Cambridgeshire, UK: Author.Google Scholar
Instituto Nacional de Estadística (2011). Censo de poblaciones y viviendas [Census of population and housing]. Catalogue number 30243. Madrid, Spain: Author. Retrieved from http://www.ine.es/censos2011_datos/cen11_datos_inicio.htm Google Scholar
Jeste, D. V., Blazer, D. G., & First, M. (2005). Aging-related diagnostic variations: Need for diagnostic criteria appropriate for elderly psychiatric patients. Biological Psychiatry, 58, 265–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.02.004 Google Scholar
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 593–602. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kessler, R. C., Birnbaum, H., Bromet, E., Hwang, I., Sampson, N., & Shahly, V. (2010). Age differences in major depression: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). Psychological Medicine, 40, 225–237. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291709990213 Google Scholar
Kessler, R. C., & Üstün, T. B. (2008). The WHO World Mental Health Surveys: Global perspectives on the epidemiology of mental disorders. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Knäuper, B., & Wittchen, H. U. (1994). Diagnosing major depression in the elderly: Evidence for response bias in standardized diagnostic interviews? Journal of Psychiatric Research, 28, 147–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(94)90026-4 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lenze, E. J., & Loebach-Wetherell, J. (2011). A lifespan view of anxiety disorders. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 13, 381–399.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leroi, I., Voulgari, A., Breitner, J. C. S., & Lyketsos, C. G. (2003). The epidemiology of psychosis in dementia. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11, 83–91. https://doi.org/10.1097/00019442-200301000-00011 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lobo, A., Saz, P., Marcos, G., & Grupo de, Trabajo ZARADEMP (2002). MMSE: Examen cognoscitivo mini-mental [Mini-mental state examination]. Madrid, Spain: TEA Ediciones.Google Scholar
Lyketsos, C. G., Steinberg, M., Breitner, J. C. S., Tschanz, J. T., Norton, M. C., & Steffens, D. C. (2000). Mental and behavioral disturbances in dementia: Findings from the cache county study on memory in aging. Neurobiology of Aging, 21, 244. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0197-4580(00)83436-3 Google Scholar
Mamplekou, E., Bountziouka, V., Psaltopoulou, T., Zeimbekis, A., Tsakoundakis, N., Papaerakleous, N., … Panagiotakos, D. (2010). Urban environment, physical inactivity and unhealthy dietary habits correlate to depression among elderly living in eastern Mediterranean islands: The MEDIS (MEDiterranean ISlands Elderly) study. Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging, 14, 449–455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-010-0091-0 Google Scholar
Mohlman, J., Bryant, C., Lenze, E. J., Stanley, M. A., Gum, A., Flint, A., … Craske, M. G. (2012). Improving recognition of late life anxiety disorders in diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition: Observations and recommendations of the Advisory Committee to the Lifespan Disorders Work Group. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 27, 549–556. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.2752 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mojtabai, R., & Olfson, M. (2004). Major depression in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults: Prevalence and 2- and 4-year follow-up symptoms. Psychological Medicine, 34, 623–634. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291703001764 Google Scholar
Pirkola, S. P., Isometsä, E., Suvisaari, J., Aro, H., Joukamaa, M., Poikolainen, K., ... Lönnqvist, J. K. (2005). DSM-IV mood-, anxiety- and alcohol use disorders and their comorbidity in the finnish general population – results from the Health 2000 Study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 40, 1–10.Google Scholar
R Core Team (2014). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.Google Scholar
Ritchie, K., Artero, S., Beluche, I., Ancelin, M.-L., Mann, A., Dupuy, A.-M., … Boulenger, J.-P. (2004). Prevalence of DSM-IV psychiatric disorder in the French elderly population. British Journal of Psychiatry, 184, 147–152. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.184.2.147 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saunders, P. A., Copeland, J. R. M., Dewey, M. E., Gilmore, C., Larkin, B. A., Phaterpekar, H., & Scott, A. (1993). The prevalence of dementia, depression and neurosis in later life: The Liverpool MRC-ALPHA study. International Journal of Epidemiology, 22, 838–847. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/22.5.838 Google Scholar
Teper, E., & Thomas, A. (2006). Is depression different in older adults? Aging Health, 2, 905–915. https://doi.org/10.2217/1745509X.2.6.905 Google Scholar
The ESEMeD/MHEDEA Investigators, Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M. C., Bernert, S., Bruffaerts, R., Brugha, T. S., … Vollebergh, W. A. M. (2004a). Sampling and methods of the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 109, 8–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0047.2004.00326 Google Scholar
The ESEMeD/MHEDEA Investigators, Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M. C., Bernert, S., Bruffaerts, R., Brugha, T. S., … Vollebergh, W. A. M. (2004b). Prevalence of mental disorders in Europe: Results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 109, 21–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0047.2004.00327.x Google Scholar
Volkert, J., Schulz, H., Härter, M., Wlodarczyk, O., & Andreas, S. (2013). The prevalence of mental disorders in older people in Western countries – a meta-analysis. Ageing Research Reviews, 12, 339–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2012.09.004 Google Scholar
Wittchen, H. U., & Jacobi, F. (2005). Size and burden of mental disorders in Europe-a critical review and appraisal of 27 studies. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 15, 357–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2005.04.012 Google Scholar
Wittchen, H. U., Strehle, J., Gerschler, A., Volkert, J., Dehoust, M. C., Sehner, S., … Andreas, S. (2015). Measuring symptoms and diagnosing mental disorders in the elderly community: The test-retest reliability of the CIDI65+. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 24, 116–129. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1455 Google Scholar
Wittchen, H. U. (1992). Composite international diagnostic interview (CIDI) - User manual. Geneva, Suiza: WHO.Google Scholar
Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B., Castriotta, N., Lenze, E. J., Stanley, M. A., & Craske, M. G. (2010). Anxiety disorders in older adults: A comprehensive review. Depression and Anxiety, 27, 190–211. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20653 Google Scholar
World Health Organization (2004a). Global status report on alcohol. Geneva, Suiza: World Health Organization Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (2004b). Prevalence, severity, and unmet need for treatment of mental disorders in the World Health Organization world mental health surveys. JAMA, 291, 2581–2590. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.291.21.2581 Google Scholar