Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T05:28:24.210Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Role of Spatial Switching in the Attentional Blink

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2013

Vincent Berthet*
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique(France)
Sid Kouider
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique(France)
*
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Vincent Berthet, Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, CNRS/EHESS/DEC-ENS, 29 rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris (France). Phone: +33-144322625. Email: vksberthet@gmail.com

Abstract

The attentional blink (AB) is a well-established paradigm in which identification of a target T2 is reduced shortly after presentation of an earlier target T1. An important question concerns the importance of backward masking during the AB. While task switching has been found to be a strong modulator mediating the AB without any masking of T2, the present study investigated whether spatial switching could similarly produce an AB without masking. Using a spatial AB paradigm in which items appeared at different locations; we found (a) a significant AB without backward masking of T2 but no AB when no distractors followed T2, (b) no evidence for Lag 1 sparing. These findings show that when there is a spatial switch between the targets, presenting the distractor following T2 at the same location than T2 (backward masking) is not a necessary condition for the AB to occur, but T2 has to be followed by surrounding distractors (appearing at different locations than T2). This pattern of data confirms that spatial switching is a robust modulator of the AB, but to a less extent than task switching.

El parpadeo atencional (PA) es un paradigma muy utilizado cuyo principal resultado se traduce en una reducción temporal en la identificación de un target (T2) que se presenta seguido de otro target (T1). Una de las claves que provoca este efecto es el enmascaramiento hacia atrás que tiene lugar durante el PA. Sin embargo, estudios previos asumen que el cambio de tarea es uno de los moduladores más potentes en la aparición de PA sin enmascaramiento del T2; el objetivo de este trabajo se centró en probar si otro tratamiento, el cambio espacial podría dar lugar a un efecto de PA similar, esto es, sin enmascaramiento. Un paradigma de PA con presentación de los ítems en diferentes localizaciones condujo a los siguientes resultados: (a) efecto significativo de PA sin enmascaramiento hacia atrás de T2, pero no PA sin la presencia de distractores después de T2; (b) esto no se confirmó en la posición 1; los resultados sugieren que si hay un cambio espacial entre los targets, presentar un distractor seguido de T2 y en su mismo lugar (enmascaramiento hacia atrás) no necesariamente va a facilitar la aparición de PA, sino que es necesario que T2 vaya seguido de distractores pero presentados en diferentes localizaciones. Este patrón de datos confirma que el cambio espacial es un importante modulador en la aparición de PA, aunque en menor medida que el cambio de tarea.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Brehaut, J. C., Enns, J. T., & Di Lollo, V. (1999). Visual masking plays two roles in the attentional blink. Perception & Psychophysics, 61, 14361448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758%2FBF03206192CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Breitmeyer, B., Ehrenstein, A., Pritchard, K., Hiscock, M., & Crisan, J. (1999). The roles of location specificity and masking mechanisms in the attentional blink. Perception & Psychophysics, 61, 798809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758%2FBF03206898CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chun, M. M., & Potter, M. C. (1995). A two-stage model for multiple detection in RSVP. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 21, 109127.Google Scholar
Di Lollo, V., Kawahara, J., Ghorashi, S. M. S., & Enns, J. T. (2005). The attentional blink: Resource limitation or temporary loss of control? Psychological Research, 69, 191200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duncan, J., Ward, R., & Shapiro, K. L. (1994). Direct measurement of attentional dwell time in human vision. Nature, 369, 313315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F369313a0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Giesbrecht, B., & Di Lollo, V. (1998). Beyond the attentional blink: Visual masking by object substitution. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24, 14541466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037%2F0096-1523.24.5.1454Google ScholarPubMed
Kawahara, J., Zuvic, S. M., Enns, J. T., & Di Lollo, V. (2003). Task switching mediates the attentional blink even without backward masking. Perception & Psychophysics, 65, 339351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758%2FBF03194565CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kawahara, J., Enns, J. T., & Di Lollo, V. (2006). The attentional blink is not a unitary phenomenon. Psychological Research, 70, 405413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00426-005-0007-5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kristjánsson, A., & Nakayama, K. (2002). The attentional blink in space and time. Vision research, 42, 20392050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0042-6989%2802%2900129-3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marois, R., & Ivanoff, J. (2005). Capacity limits of information processing in the brain. Trends in Cognitive Science, 9, 296305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tics.2005.04.010CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nieuwenstein, M., Van der Burg, E., Theeuwes, J., Wyble, B., & Potter, M. (2009). Temporal constraints on conscious vision: On the ubiquitous nature of the attentional blink. Journal of Vision, 9, 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167%2F9.9.18CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raymond, J. E., Shapiro, K. L., & Arnell, K. M. (1992). Temporary suppression of visual processing in an RSVP task: An attentional blink? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 18, 849860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037%2F%2F0096-1523.18.3.849Google Scholar
Visser, T. A. W., Bischof, W. F., & Di Lollo, V. (1999). Attentional switching in spatial and non-spatial domains: Evidence from the attentional blink. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 458469.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Visser, T. A.W., Zuvic, S. M., Bischof, W. F., & Di Lollo, V. (1999). The attentional blink with targets in different spatial locations. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 6, 432436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758%2FBF03210831CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed