Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T07:37:55.382Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Role of Values in Attitudes towards Violence: Discrimination against Moroccans and Romanian Gypsies in Spain

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 August 2015

José Luis Álvaro*
Affiliation:
Universidad Complutense (Spain)
Thiago Morais de Oliveira
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal da Paraíba (Brazil)
Ana Raquel Rosas Torres
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal da Paraíba (Brazil)
Cicero Pereira
Affiliation:
Universidade de Lisboa (Portugal)
Alicia Garrido
Affiliation:
Universidad Complutense (Spain)
Leoncio Camino
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal da Paraíba (Brazil)
*
*Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to José Luis Álvaro. Department of Social Psychology. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. 28223. Madrid (Spain). E-mail: jlalvaro@ucm.es

Abstract

The first objective of this study was to investigate whether police violence is more tolerated when the victim is a member of a social minority (e.g., Moroccan immigrants and Romanian Gypsies in Spain) than when the victim is a member of the social majority (e.g., Spaniards). The second objective was to use Schwartz value theory to examine the moderating role of values on attitudes towards tolerance of police violence. The participants were 207 sociology and social work students from a public university in Madrid. Overall, in this study, police violence was more accepted when the victim was a member of a social minority; F(2, 206) = 77.91, p = .001, ηp 2 = 0.433, and in general, values moderated this acceptance. Thus, greater adherence to the conservation and self-promotion values subsystems would strengthen support for police violence towards a social minority member. On the other hand, greater adherence to the openness to change and self-transcendence subsystems diminish this support.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Álvaro, J. L., & Monter, M. R. (2010). Valores culturales y actitudes hacia los inmigrantes en Europa [Cultural values and attitudes towards immigrants in Europe]. Psicologia, Conocimiento y Sociedad, 1, 124.Google Scholar
Álvaro, J. L., Silva, P. B., Lima, M. E. O., Torres, A. R. R., Camino, L., & Garrido, A. (2012). Las actitudes de los estudiantes españoles ante la ampliación de los derechos sociales de los hijos de los inmigrantes: Un análisis de los valores como discurso legitimador [Spanish students’ attitudes about the expansion of social rights of immigrant children: An analysis of values as legitimizing discourse.] Revista Persona , 15, 99114.Google Scholar
Bermejo, R. C. (2004, September). Control de la inmigración y cohesión cultural: Un análisis comparado de las respuestas gubernamentales en Gran Bretaña y España [Control of immigration and cultural cohesion: A comparative analysis of government responses in Britain and Spain]. Paper presented to VIII Congreso Español de Sociología. Barcelona, Spain.Google Scholar
Camino, L., Àlvaro, J. L., Torres, A. R. R.; Garrido, A., Morais, T., Almeida, J. (2013). Explaining social discrimination: Racism in Brazil and Xenophobia in Spain. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 16, E73, 113.Google Scholar
Cea D’Ancona, M. A. (2005). La exteriorización de la xenofobia [The externalization of xenophobia]. Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 112, 197230.Google Scholar
Cea D’Ancona, M. A. (2007). Inmigración, racismo y xenofobia en la España del nuevo contexto europeo [Immigration, racism and xenophobia in Spain in a new European context]. Madrid, Spain: OBERAXE; Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales.Google Scholar
Cea D’Ancona, M. A. (2009). La compleja detección del racismo y la xenofobia a través de encuesta: Un paso adelante en su medición [The complex detection of racism and xenophobia through survey: A step forward in its measurement]. Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 125, 1345.Google Scholar
Cea D’Ancona, M. A., & Valles Martínez, M. S. (2009). Evolución del racismo y la xenofobia en España [Evolution of racism and xenophobia in Spain]. Madrid, Spain: OBERAXE; Ministerio de Trabajo e Inmigración.Google Scholar
Cea D’Ancona, M. A.,Valles, M., & Eseverri, C. (2013). Inmigración: Filias y fobias en tiempos de crisis [Immigration: Filias and phobias in times of crisis]. Madrid, Spain: Siglo XXI.Google Scholar
Checa, J. C., & Arjona, A. (2013). Los inmigrantes vistos por los españoles: Entre la amenaza y la competencia (1997–2007) [Immigrants seen by the Spaniards: Between the threat and competition (1997–2007)]. Revista de Estudios Sociales, 47, 118132.Google Scholar
Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas [CIS] (2010). Tres problemas principales que existen hoy en España [Three main problems that exist today in Spain]. Madrid, Spain: Author.Google Scholar
Davidov, E., & Meuleman, B. (2012). Explain attitudes to immigration policies in European countries: The role of human values. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 38, 757775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2012.667985 Google Scholar
Davidov, E., Meuleman, B., Billiet, J., & Schmidt, P. (2008). Values and support for immigration: A cross-country comparison. European Sociological Review, 24, 583599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcn020 Google Scholar
Duriez, B., Luyten, P., Snauwaert, B., & Hutsebaut, D. (2002). The importance of religiosity and values in predicting political attitudes: Evidence for the continuing importance of religiosity in Flanders (Belgium). Mental Health, Religion and Culture 5, 3554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13674670110066831 Google Scholar
Feather, N. T., & McKee, I. A. (2008). Values and prejudice: Predictors of attitudes towards Australian Aborigines. Australian Journal of Psychology, 60, 8090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049530701449513 Google Scholar
IIEAMM. International Institute of Arab Studies and the Muslim World (2010). El impacto de la crisis económica en la situación laboral de los inmigrantes marroquíes en España [The impact of the economic crisis on the employment situation of Moroccan immigrants in Spain]. Córdoba, Spain: Euromesco.Google Scholar
Katz, I., & Hass, R. G. (1988). Racial ambivalence and American value conflict: Correlational and priming studies of dual cognitive structures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 893905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.55.6.893 Google Scholar
Kuntz, A., Davidov, E., Schwartz, S. H., & Schmidt, P. (2015). Human values, legal regulation, and approval of homosexuality in Europe: A cross-country comparison. European Journal of Social Psychology, 45, 120134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2068 Google Scholar
Lima, M. E., & Vala, J. (2002). Individualismo meritocrático, diferenciação cultural e racismo. [Meritocratic individualism, cultural differentiation and racism]. Análise Social, 37, 181207.Google Scholar
Lima, M. E. O., Machado, C., Ávila, J., Lima, C., & Vala, J. (2006). Normas sociais e preconceito: O impacto da igualdade e da competição no preconceito automático contra os negros [Social norms and prejudice: The impact of equality and competition on the automatic prejudice against blacks]. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 19, 309319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-79722006000200018 Google Scholar
López, O. (2012). Aproximación general a la población gitana rumana en España y Cataluña [General approach to the Romanian gypsy community in Spain and Catalonia]. Barcelona, Spain: Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona.Google Scholar
Pantoja, A. (2006). Against the tide? Core American values and attitudes toward US immigration policy in the mid-1990s. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 32, 515531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691830600555111 Google Scholar
Pettigrew, T. F. (1959). Regional differences in anti-Negro prejudice. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 59, 2836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0047133 Google Scholar
Ramos, A. (2011). Human values and opposition to immigration in Europe (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa. Portugal.Google Scholar
Sagiv, L., & Schwartz, S. H. (1995). Value priorities and readiness for out-group social contact. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 437448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.69.3.437 Google Scholar
Schiffman, S. S., Reynolds, M. L., & Young, F. W. (1981). Introduction to Multidimensional Scaling. New York, NY: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. In Zanna, M. P. (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (pp. 165). San Diego, CA: Academic.Google Scholar
Schwartz, S. H. (1994). Are there universal aspects in the structure and contents of human values? Journal of Social Issues, 50, 1945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1994.tb01196.x Google Scholar
Schwartz, S. H. (2003). A proposal for measuring value orientations across nations. In questionnaire development package of the European Social Survey (pp. 259319). London, UK: EES ERIC. Retrieved from www.europeansocialsurvey.org Google Scholar
Schwartz, S. H. (2006). Les valeurs de base de la personne: Théorie, mesures et applications [Basic human values: Theory, measurement, and applications]. Revue Française de Sociologie, 47, 249288.Google Scholar
Schwartz, S. H. (2012). An overview of the Schwartz theory of basic values. Online readings on psychology and culture, 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.9707/2307-0919.1116 Google Scholar
Schwartz, S. H., & Bardi, A. (2001). Values hierarchies across cultures: Taking a similarities perspective. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32, 268290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022101032003002 Google Scholar
Schwartz, S. H., & Bilsky, W. (1987). Toward a universal psychological structure of human values. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 550562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.53.3.550 Google Scholar
Schwartz, S. H., Caprara, G. V., & Vecchione, M. (2010). Basic personal values, core political values, and voting: A longitudinal analysis. Political Psychology, 31, 421452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2010.00764.x Google Scholar
Sección Española de Amnistía Internacional (2010). La formación en derechos humanos de las fuerzas de seguridad de ámbito estatal sigue siendo marginal. Amnistía Internacional [The human rights training of security forces at State level remains marginal]. Madrid, Spain: Amnistía Internacional.Google Scholar
Tajfel, H. (1981). Human groups and social categories: Studies in social psychology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Villanueva, C. F., Domínguez, R., & Revilla, J. C. (1995). El discurso xenófobo en grupos de jóvenes violentos. [The xenophobic discourse in groups of violent youths]. In Sánchez, J. C., & Ullán, A. M. (Eds.), Procesos psicosociales básicos y grupales [Basic and group psychosocial processes]. (pp. 371386). Madrid, Spain: Eudema S. A.Google Scholar