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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 July 2016
Contributions made by Vassily Yakovlevich Struve and his son Otto Vassilyevich to the eventual establishment of an inertial frame of reference on the sky are discussed under five heads: (i) the foundation of Pulkovo Observatory, (ii) instrumentation, (iii) Vassily Yakovlevich's determination of the constant of aberration, (iv) Otto Vassilyevich's determination of the coefficient of precession and (v) international cooperation.