Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T17:33:50.419Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Observational Evidence for Supermassive Black Holes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 August 2017

Alan Dressler
Alan Dressler*
Affiliation:
Mount Wilson and Las Campanas Observatories, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

A growing body of evidence from stellar dynamics in the nuclei of galaxies indicates that supermassive black holes of 107–109 M0 are common. The two best cases are M31 and M32, for which dark, central mass concentrations are the only straightforward interpretation. M87 continues to be a possible location of an even more massive black hole, but new observations and models by the author and D. Richstone effectively rule out the high black hole mass ∼5 × 109 M0 claimed by Sargent, Young, and collaborators. New data are available for several other nearby galaxies which also show kinematic signatures that could also be due to supermassive black holes. The Hubble Space Telescope will play the key role in strengthening these cases and eliminating, for the best examples, alternative models which do not require supermassive black holes.

Type
Part 4: Black Holes, Accretion Disks and Gravitational Lenses
Information
Symposium - International Astronomical Union , Volume 134: Active Galactic Nuclei , 1989 , pp. 217 - 232
Copyright
Copyright © Kluwer 1989 

References

Bender, R. 1988, preprint.Google Scholar
Binney, J., and Mamon, G. A. 1982, M. N. R. A. S., 200, 361.Google Scholar
Cavaliere, A., Giallongo, E., Padovani, P., and Vagnetti, F. 1988, preprint.Google Scholar
Dressler, A. 1980, Ap. J. Lett., 240, L11.Google Scholar
Dressler, A. 1984, Ap. J., 286, 97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dressler, A., and Richstone, D. O. 1988, Ap. J., 324, 701.Google Scholar
Duncan, M. J., and Wheeler, J. C. 1980, Ap. J. Lett., 237, L27.Google Scholar
Filippenko, A. V. 1988, in Supermassive Black Holes, ed. Kafatos, M., (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press), pp. 104–119.Google Scholar
Franx, M., and Illingworth, G. D. 1988, Ap. J. Lett., 327, L55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geballe, T. R., et al., 1984, Ap. J., 284, 118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Genzel, R., and Townes, C. H. 1987, Ann. Rev. Astr. Ap., 25, 377.Google Scholar
Gerhard, O. E., 1988, M. N. R. A. S., 232, 13p.Google Scholar
Goodman, J., and Lee, H. M. 1988, preprint.Google Scholar
Jarvis, B. J., and Dubath, P. 1988, Astr. Ap., in press.Google Scholar
Jedrzejewski, R., and Schechter, P. L. 1988, Ap. J. Lett., 330, L87.Google Scholar
Kormendy, J. 1985, Ap. J. Lett., 292, L9.Google Scholar
Kormendy, J. 1987, in IAU Symposium 127, in Structure and Dynamics of Elliptical Galaxies, ed. De Zeeuw, T. P., (Dordrecht: Reidel), pp. 17–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kormendy, J. 1988a, private communication.Google Scholar
Kormendy, J. 1988b, Ap. J., 325, 128.Google Scholar
Kormendy, J. 1988c, preprint.Google Scholar
Lallemand, A., Duchesne, M., and Walker, M. F. 1960, Pub. A. S. P., 72, 76.Google Scholar
Lauer, T. R. 1985, Ap. J., 292, 104.Google Scholar
Light, E. S., Danielson, R. E., and Schwarzschild, M. 1974, Ap. J., 194, 257.Google Scholar
Lynden-Bell, D. 1969, Nature, 223, 690.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merritt, D. 1987, Ap. J., 319, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newton, A., and Binney, J. 1984, M. N. R. A. S., 210, 711.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rees, M. J. 1984, Ann. Rev. Astr. Ap., 22, 471.Google Scholar
Rees, M. J. 1988, Nature, 333, 523.Google Scholar
Richstone, D. O. 1988a, in Supermassive Black Holes, ed. Kafatos, M., (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press), pp. 87–97.Google Scholar
Richstone, D. O. 1988b, private communication.Google Scholar
Richstone, D. O., and Tremaine, S. 1984, Ap. J., 286, 27.Google Scholar
Richstone, D. O., and Tremaine, S. 1985, Ap. J., 296, 370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sargent, W. L. W., Young, P. J., Boksenberg, A., Shortridge, K., Lynds, C. R., Hardwick, F. D. A. 1978, Ap. J., 221, 731.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sellgren, K., Hall, D. N. B., Kleinmann, S. G., Scoville, N. Z. 1987, Ap. J., 317, 881.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Serabyn, E., and Lacy, J. H. 1985, Ap. J., 293, 445.Google Scholar
Tonry, J. L. 1984, Ap. J. Lett., 283, L27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tonry, J. L. 1987, Ap. J., 322, 932.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, M. F., 1962, Ap. J., 136, 695.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, P. J. 1980a, Ap. J., 217, 287.Google Scholar
Young, P. J. 1980b, preprint.Google Scholar
Young, P. J., Westphal, J. A., Kristian, J., and Wilson, C. P., and Landauer, F. P. 1978, Ap. J., 221, 721.CrossRefGoogle Scholar