Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 May 2016
I discuss errors in theory and in interpreting observations that are produced by the failure to consider resolution in space, time, and energy. I discuss convection in stellar model atmospheres and in stars. One dimensional convective models can never work well, but the errors in predicted diagnostics for temperature, gravity, and abundances can be calibrated. I discuss the variation of microturbulent velocity with depth, effective temperature, and gravity. These variations must be dealt with in computing models and grids and in any type of photometric calibration. I describe the state of the art in computing a model atmosphere and complete spectrum for stars with arbitrary abundances. I have made no significant progress on atomic or molecular line data for the last two years, but I will soon begin large scale production. I will continue to distribute the results on CD-ROMs, and I will make them available on the World Wide Web.