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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 August 2017
The outer envelopes of the outflows from late-type stars where the dust and molecules have already been formed and the matter has been accelerated to its terminal velocity are the focus of this review. One major role for grains in the circumstellar chemistry is the protection of molecules against photodissociation by ambient interstellar ultraviolet photons. Also, in more distant regions where the grains become sufficiently cool as they flow away from the central star, the dust may serve as a condensation sink for molecules which can be bound into mantles.