Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T12:07:22.786Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

AIDS-Related Psychiatric Disorder

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Thomas W. Fenton
Thomas W. Fenton*
Affiliation:
Hollymoor Hospital, Tessall Lane, Northfield, Birmingham, West Midlands B31 5EX
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The background to HIV infection, its mode of transmission, and its neurological and psychiatric complications are described. The management of AIDS-related psychiatric disorder and problems encountered among staff involved in the management of patients suffering from AIDS are considered. There is a need for appropriate educational programmes. Although the incidence of AIDS in the UK has been appreciably lower than in many other countries, there are no grounds for complacency; psychiatric disorder associated with HIV infection will be encountered much more frequently in the future. Psychiatric staff are urged to inform and prepare themselves in anticipation of this development.

Type
Review Article
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 151 , Issue 5 , November 1987 , pp. 579 - 588
Copyright
Copyright © 1987 The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Altman, D. (1986) AIDS and the New Puritanism. London and Sydney: Pluto Press.Google Scholar
Bartrop, R. W., Lazarus, L., Luckhurst, E., Kiloh, L. G. & Penny, R. (1977). Depressed lymphocyte function after bereavement. The Lancet, i, 834–836.Google Scholar
Biggar, R. J. (1986) The AIDS problem in Africa. The Lancet, i, 79–83.Google Scholar
Black, P. H. (1985) HTLV-III, AIDS, and the brain. New England Journal of Medicine, 313, 1538–1540.Google Scholar
Cappel, R., Gregoire, F., Thiry, L. & Sprecher, S. (1978). Antibody and cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus in psychotic depression. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 39, 266–268.Google Scholar
Centers For Disease Control (1981a) Pneumocystis pneumonia – Los Angeles. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 30, 250–252.Google Scholar
Centers For Disease Control (1981b) Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis pneumonia among homosexual men – New York City and California. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 30, 350–358.Google Scholar
Centers For Disease Control (1982a) Hepatitis B vaccine safety: report of an inter-agency group. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 31, 465–467.Google Scholar
Centers For Disease Control (1982b) Update on acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) – United States. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 31, 507–514.Google Scholar
Centers For Disease Control (1986) Update: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome – United States. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 35, 17–21.Google Scholar
Curran, J. W. (1986) The epidemiology of AIDS: current status and future prospects. Abstract (communication SP14) in Programme of the International Conference on AIDS: Paris, France, 1986. Paris: Voyage Conseil.Google Scholar
Deuchar, N. (1984) AIDS in New York City with particular reference to the psycho-social aspects. British Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 612–619.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dilley, J. W., Ochtill, H. N., Perl, M. & Volberding, P. A. (1985) Findings in psychiatric consultations with patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. American Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 82–86.Google ScholarPubMed
Gabel, R. H., Barnard, N., Norko, M. & O'Connell, R. A. (1986) AIDS presenting as mania. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 27, 251–254.Google Scholar
Geddes, A. M. (1986) Risk of AIDS to health care workers. British Medical Journal, 292, 711–712.Google Scholar
Goedert, J. J., Sarngadharan, M. G., Biggar, R. J., Weiss, S. H., Winn, D. M., Grossman, R. J., Greene, M. H., Bodner, A. J., Mann, D. L., Strong, D. M., Gallo, R. C. & Blattner, W. A. (1984) Determinants of retrovirus (HTLV-III) antibody and immuno-deficiency conditions in homosexual men. The Lancet, ii, 711–716.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Golubjatnikov, R., Pfister, J. & Tillotson, T. (1983) Homosexual promiscuity and the fear of AIDS. The Lancet, ii, 681.Google Scholar
Gordin, F., Levine, L., Willoughby, A., Gurel, L. & Neill, K. (1986) Hospital workers' knowledge, behaviour and attitudes towards AIDS. Abstract (communication 213: S24e) in Programme of the International Conference on AIDS, Paris, France, 1986. Paris: Voyage Conseil.Google Scholar
Green, J. (1986) Counselling HTLV-III sero-positives. In The Management of AIDS Patients (eds Miller, D., Weber, J. & Green, J.). Basingstoke: Macmillan Press.Google Scholar
Ho, D. D., Rota, T. R., Schooley, R. T., Kaplan, J. C., Allan, J. D., Groopman, J. E., Resnick, L., Felsenstein, D., Andrews, C. A. & Hirsch, M. S. (1985) Isolation of HTLV-III from cerebro-spinal fluid and neural tissues of patients with neurological syndromes related to the acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine, 313, 1493–1497.Google Scholar
Hoffman, R. S. (1984) Neuropsychiatric complications of AIDS. Psychosomatics, 25, 393–400.Google Scholar
Holland, J. C. & Tross, S. (1985) The psychosocial and neuropsychiatric sequelae of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and related disorders. Annals of Internal Medicine, 103, 760–764.Google Scholar
Jaffe, H. W., Darrow, W. W., Echenberg, D. F., O'Malley, P. M., Getchell, J. P., Kalyanaraman, V. S., Byers, R. H., Drennan, D. P., Braff, E. H. & Curran, J. W. (1985a) The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a cohort of homosexual men: a six-year follow-up study. Annals of Internal Medicine, 103, 210–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaffe, H. W., Sarngadharan, M. G., De Vico, A. L., Bruch, L., Getchell, J. P., Kalyanaraman, V. S., Haverkos, H. W., Stoneburger, R. L., Gallo, R. C. & Curran, J. W. (1985b) Infection with HTLV-III/LAV and transfusion associated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Journal of the American Medical Association, 254, 770–773.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kermani, E., Drob, S. & Alpert, M. (1984) Organic brain syndrome in three cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 25, 294–297.Google Scholar
Kermani, E. E. J., Borod, J. C., Brown, P. H. & Tunnell, G. (1985) New psychopathologic findings in AIDS: case report. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 46, 240–241.Google Scholar
Lancet (1984) Needlestick transmission of HTLV3 from a patient infected in Africa. The Lancet, ii, 1376–1377.Google Scholar
Lapointe, N., Michaud, J., Pekovic, D., Chausseau, J. P. and Dupuy, J.-M. (1985) Transplacental transmission of HTLV-III virus. New England Journal of Medicine, 312, 1325–1326.Google ScholarPubMed
Levy, J. A., Shimabukuro, J., Hollander, H., Mills, J. & Kaminsky, L. (1985a) Isolation of AIDS-associated retroviruses from cerebrospinal fluid and brain of patients with neurological symptoms. The Lancet, ii, 586–588.Google Scholar
Levy, J. A., Bredesen, R. M. D. E. & Rosenblum, M. L. (1985b) Neurological manifestations of the acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS): experience at UCSF and review of the literature. Journal of Neurosurgery, 62, 475–495.Google Scholar
Lishman, W. A. (1978) Organic Psychiatry: the Psychological Consequences of Cerebral Disorder. London: Blackwell Scientific Publications.Google Scholar
Melbye, M. (1986) The natural history of human T lymphotropic virus-Ill infection: the cause of AIDS. British Medical Journal, 292, 5–12.Google Scholar
Melbye, M., Biggar, R. J., Ebbesen, P., Sarngadharan, M. G., Weiss, S. H., Gallo, R. C. & Blattner, W. A. (1984) Seroepidemiology of HTLV-III antibody in Danish homosexual men: prevalence, transmission and disease outcome. British Medical Journal, 289, 573–575.Google Scholar
Miller, D. (1986) Psychology, AIDS, ARC and PGL. In The Management of AIDS Patients (eds Miller, D., Weber, J. & Green, J.). Basingstoke: Macmillan Press.Google Scholar
Miller, D., Green, J., Farmer, R. & Carroll, G. (1985) A ‘pseudo-AIDS’ syndrome following from fear of AIDS. British Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 550–551.Google Scholar
Miller, D., Jeffries, D. J., Green, J., Willie Harris, J. R. & Pinching, A. J. (1986) HTLV-III: should testing ever be routine? British Medical Journal, 292, 941–943.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Navia, B. A. & Price, R. W. (1986) Clinical features of the AIDS dementia complex. Abstract (poster 319) in Programme of the International Conference on AIDS, Paris, France, 1986. Paris: Voyage Conseil.Google Scholar
Nichols, S. E. (1983) Psychiatric aspects of AIDS. Psychosomatics, 24, 1083–1086.Google Scholar
Nichols, S. E. (1985) Psychosocial reactions of persons with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Annals of Internal Medicine, 103, 765–767.Google Scholar
Nurnberg, H. G., Prudic, J., Fiori, M. & Freedman, E. P. (1984) Psychopathology complicating acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). American Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 95–96.Google Scholar
O'Brien, G. & Hassanyeh, F. (1985) AIDS-panic: AIDS-induced psychogenic states. British Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 91.Google Scholar
Perry, S. & Jacobsen, P. (1986) Neuropsychiatric manifestations of AIDS-spectrum disorders. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 37, 135–142.Google Scholar
Piot, P. & Mann, J. M. (1986) Transmission patterns of LAV/HTLV-III: evidence for heterosexual transmission. Abstract (communication 172: S22K) in Programme of the International Conference on AIDS, Paris, France, 1986. Paris: Voyage Conseil.Google Scholar
Polan, H. J., Hellerstein, D. & Amchin, J. (1985) Impact of AIDS-related cases on an inpatient therapeutic milieu. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 36, 173–176.Google Scholar
Price, R. W. & Navia, B. A. (1986) The AIDS dementia complex: answers and questions. Abstract (communication 137: S20K) in Programme of the International Conference on AIDS, Paris, France, 1986. Paris: Voyage Conseil.Google Scholar
Prompt, C. A., Reis, M. M., Grillo, F. M., Kopstein, J., Kraemer, E., Manfro, R. C., Maria, M. H. & Comiran, J. B. (1985) Transmission of AIDS virus at renal transplantation. The Lancet, ii, 672.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rundell, J. R., Wise, M. G. & Ursano, R. J. (1986) Three cases of AIDS-related psychiatric disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 777–778.Google Scholar
Saltzman, B. R., Friedland, G. H., Rogers, M. F., Kahl, P. A., Klein, R. S. & Feiner, C. (1986). Lack of household transmission of HTLV-III/LAV infection. Abstract (communication 173: S22a) in Programme of the International Conference on AIDS, Paris, France, 1986. Paris: Voyage Conseil.Google Scholar
Schliefer, S. J., Keller, S. E., Camerino, M., Thornton, J. C. & Stein, M. (1983) Suppression of lymphocyte stimulation following bereavement. Journal of the American Medical Association, 250, 374–377.Google Scholar
Schliefer, S. J., Keller, S. E., Meyerson, A. T., Raskin, M. J., Davis, K. L. & Stein, M. (1984) Lymphocyte function in major depressive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, 484–486.Google Scholar
Seale, J. (1986) Infectious AIDS. Nature, 320, 391.Google Scholar
Shaw, G. M., Harper, M. E., Hahn, B. H., Epstein, L. G., Gajdusek, D. C., Price, R. W., Navia, B. A., Petito, C. K., O'Hara, C. J., Groopman, J. E., Cho, E.-S., Oleske, J. M., Wong-Staal, F. & Gallo, R. C. (1985) HTLV-III infection in brains of children and adults with AIDS encephalopathy. Science, 227, 177–181.Google Scholar
Smithies, A. (1986) Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) HTLV-III/LAV: the causal agent and modes of transmission. Health Trends, 18, 19–21.Google Scholar
Snider, W. D., Simpson, D. M., Nielson, S., Gold, J. W. M., Metroka, C. E. & Posner, J. B. (1983) Neurological complications of acquired immune deficiency syndrome: analysis of 50 patients. Annals of Neurology, 14, 403–418.Google Scholar
Stein, M., Schiavi, R. C. & Camerino, M. (1976) Influence of brain and behaviour on the immune system. Science, 191, 435–440.Google Scholar
Stewart, G. J., Tyler, J. P. P., Cunningham, A. L., Barr, J. A., Driscoll, G. L., Gold, J. & Lamont, B. J. (1985) Transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) by artificial insemination by donor. The Lancet, ii, 581–585.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, C. S., Toone, B. K., el Komy, A., Harwin, B. & Farthing, C. P. (1985) HTLV-III and psychiatric disturbance. The Lancet, ii, 395–396.Google Scholar
Thompson, C., Isaacs, G., Supple, D. & Bercu, S. (1986) AIDS: dilemmas for the psychiatrist. The Lancet, i, 269–270.Google Scholar
Weber, J. & Goldmeier, D. (1983) British Medical Journal, 287, 420.Google Scholar
Ziegler, J. B., Cooper, D. A., Johnson, R. O. & Gold, J. (1985) Postnatal transmission of AIDS-associated retrovirus from mother to infant. The Lancet, i, 896–898.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.