III. Profile and Prevalence of the Brain Fag Syndrome: Psychiatric Morbidity in School Populations in Africa

Abstract

The profile and prevalence of a syndrome of somaticised anxiety associated with education in Africa was explored by survey of 2040 senior secondary school students in different types of school: rural, urban, and elite. Response to two different screening methods, an open question to elicit symptoms spontaneously, and the SRQ-24, was compared. Symptom prevalence was higher in rural schools, 34%, than periurban, 22%, and elite, 6%, but the central urban school serving a shanty town was also high at 35%. Three categories of the culturally relevant symptoms were identified - somatic, cognitive and ‘spiritual’ - with affective symptoms sparsely represented in the cultural idiom. The SRQ-24 items screening for psychosis were associated with a range of spontaneous symptoms representing anxiety. This ‘spiritual’ expression of neurosis reflects the world views and beliefs of the culture. Intensification under stress could produce the picture of transient reactive psychosis.