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The Prefaces to the First Humanist Medical Translations
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 29 February 2016
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A large part of the literary production of humanist physicians consists of Latin translations of Greek medical texts. They considered these translations the first and necessary approach to ancient Greek medicine, which in turn was viewed as having ensured scientific and therapeutical progress against the barbarisms of dominant Arabic medical culture. In a passage from a work entitled De Plinii et plurium aliorum medicorum in medicina erroribus, the humanist physician Nicolò Leoniceno (1428–1524), who taught for sixty years at the University of Ferrara, attacks Avicenna's doctrine as chaotic, obscure, and dangerous to life. He then presents his own medical program, which is first of all based on translations: “Nos sane ad hanc amovendam atque extirpandam et nostrae aetatis hominibus lucem aliquam veritatis aperiendam, partim librorum Galeni medicorum principis translationibus, partim in eosdem commentationibus, die noctuque laboramus.” Leoniceno was actually a prolific translator of Galen.
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References
1 The humanist translations of Greek physicians have, for the most part, been catalogued: Dioscorides by Riddle, John M., and Paulus Aegineta by Rice, Eugene F., in Catalogus translationum et commentariorum: Mediaeval and Renaissance Latin Translations and Commentaries , ed. Cranz, Ferdinand Edward and Kristeller, Paul Oskar, vol. 4 (Washington, 1980), 1–191; Hippocrates by Kibre, Pearl, Hippocrates Latinus: Repertorium of Hippocratic Writings in the Latin Middle Ages, rev. ed. (New York, 1985); and Maloney, Gilles and Savoie, Raymond, Cinq cent ans de bibliographie hippocratique: 1473–1982 (St-Jean-Chryso-stome, Québec, 1982); Galen by Durling, Richard J., “A Chronological Census of Renaissance Editions and Translations of Galen,” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 24 (1961): 230–305, who also provides the best introduction to this subject. I wish to thank Thomas Rütten for his valuable suggestions, which allowed me to improve this article.Google Scholar
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