Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-11T07:12:07.187Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Internationalising Arts, Gaining Visibility: Internationalisation of the National Art Gallery through the Promulgation of the Malayan Identity and Commonwealth Ideals

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 September 2021

Sarena Abdullah*
Affiliation:
School of Arts, Universiti Sains Malaysia
*
*Corresponding author. Email: sarena.abdullah@usm.my

Abstract

The early history of the Malaysian National Art Gallery has been thoroughly elucidated through many different sources but its role as promoter of Malaysia’s art in the first ten years of its early formation have never been critically examined. This paper will trace the transnational relationship of the National Art Gallery through its exhibitions co-organised with the Commonwealth Institute in London within the larger context of the post-World War II period and the British decolonisation in Malaya. This paper will situate and contextualise its research on Malaya’s early exhibition history on multiculturalism and the Malayan identity framework, and later draw the link and connection between the Commonwealth Institute and the context of its establishment in Britain and the establishment of the National Art Gallery in Malaya. Subsequently, this paper will trace and demonstrate the importance of these early exhibitions to be understood in the larger context of (a) the need to exert international visibility during the period of Confrontation and (b) the exhibition as a platform that mooted the Malayan identity that aligns with the core values and principles of the Commonwealth. As such, this paper demonstrates that the transnational relations between the National Art Gallery and the Commonwealth Institute in the realm of Malaysia’s exhibition history must be analysed in tandem with the issues that are faced by a new British Commonwealth country, i.e., Malaysia during the immediate post-war period.

Type
Original Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Institute for East Asian Studies, Sogang University

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abdullah, Sarena. 2010. “Absenteeism of Malaysian identity in art in the early years of independence.” JATI Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 15(1): 133150.Google Scholar
Abdullah, Sarena. 2018. “Abdullah Ariff: A cosmopolitanism artist of early 20th century Malaya.” JATI-Journal of Southeast Asian Studies Special Is 2018: 152166. doi: 10.22452/jati.sp2018no1.10.Google Scholar
Abdullah, Sarena. 2019a. “Cosmopolitanism in the works of Straits Chinese artists: Low Kway Song, Yong Mun Sen and Tay Hooi Keat.” In Eclectic Cultures for All: The Development of the Peranakan, Performing, Visual and Material Arts in Penang, edited by Beng, Tan Sooi, 215239. Penang: Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia.Google Scholar
Abdullah, Sarena. 2019b. “A Bridge between the Two Worlds”: Exhibitions of Malaysian Art at the Commonwealth Institute”, British Art Studies 13. doi.org/10.17658/issn.2058-5462/issue-13/sbdullahGoogle Scholar
Anderson, Benedict. 1983 [1991, 2006]. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Ashcroft, Richard T., and Bevir, Mark. 2019. “What is postwar multiculturalism in theory and practice?” In Multiculturalism in the British Commonwealth: Comparative Perspectives on Theory and Practice, edited by Ashcroft, Richard T., and Bevir, Mark, 121. CA: University of California Press. doi: 10.1525/luminos.73.a.Google Scholar
Baral, Steven. 1981. “British Commonwealth: The setting sun.Harvard International Review 3(5): 1415.Google Scholar
Beamish, Tony. 1954. The Arts of Malaya. Singapore: Donald Moore Ltd.Google Scholar
Bowen, Donald. 1965. Batik Painting by Teng. London: Commonwealth Institute Art.Google Scholar
Boyce, Peter J. 1971. “The bonds of culture and Commonwealth in Southeast Asia.Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 2(1): 7177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyce, Peter J., and Davis, R.K.. 1965. “Malaysia tests the Commonwealth.” The Australian Quarterly 37(3): 7684. doi: 10.2307/20634068CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradley, Kenneth. 1963a. “Commonwealth art in the Institute.” In Commonwealth Art Today.Google Scholar
Bradley, Kenneth. 1963b. “The new Commonwealth Institute.Journal of the Royal Society of Arts 111(5081): 403411.Google Scholar
Cheah, Boon Kheng. 2002. Malaysia: The Making of a Nation. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.Google Scholar
Chuah, Kelvin, Ahmad, Izmer, and Ong, Emelia. 2011. “Chinese diaspora and the emergence of alternative modernities in Malaysian visual arts.” In 2011 International Conference on Humanities, Society and Culture (IPEDR) 20: 4246. Singapore: IACSIT Press.Google Scholar
Commonwealth Institute. 1962. Commonwealth Institute: A Commemorative Handbook Issued on the Occasion of the Opening of the New Institute. 6 November. London: Kensington High London.Google Scholar
Commonwealth Institute. 1969. Commonwealth Institute: A Handbook Describing the Work of the Institute and the Exhibition in the Galleries. London: Kensington High London.Google Scholar
Commonwealth, Institute. 1962. Commonwealth art today, 7 November 1962 to 13 January 1963. London: Kensington High London.Google Scholar
Craggs, Ruth. 2011. “The Commonwealth Institute and the Commonwealth Arts Festival: Architecture, performance and multiculturalism in late-imperial London.The London Journal 36(3): 247–68. doi:10.1179/174963211X13127325480352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dennis, Peter J., and Jeffrey, Grey. 1996. Emergency and Confrontation: Australian Military Operations in Malaya and Borneo 1950–1966. The Official History of Australia's Involvement in Southeast Asian Conflicts 1948–1975, vol. 5. Sydney: Allen and Unwin and the Australian War Memorial.Google Scholar
Edwards, Peter G. 1999. “Confrontation: Australia's curious war of diplomacy.Wartime: Official Magazine of the Australian War Memorial 5(January): 4448.Google Scholar
Embong, Abdul Rahman. 2002. “Malaysia as a multicivilizational society.Macalester International 12(10): 3758. Available at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/macintl/vol12/iss1/10. (accessed 1 April 2020).Google Scholar
Fernando, Joseph M. 2009. The Alliance Road to Independence. Kuala Lumpur: University Malaya.Google Scholar
Gurr, Robert. 2010. Voices of a Border War: A History of 1 Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment 1963 to 1965. 2nd ed. New Zealand: Willsonscott Publishing International Ltd.Google Scholar
Hall, Ian, and Smith, Frank. 2013. “The struggle for soft power in Asia: Public diplomacy and regional competition.” Asian Security 9(1): 118. doi:10.1080/14799855.2013.760926.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halvorson, Dan. 2019. “Decolonisation and Commonwealth responsibility.” In Commonwealth Responsibility and Cold War Solidarity: Australia in Asia, 194474. Canberra: ANU Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, Randall. 2000. Citizenship and Immigration in Postwar Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Harper, Tim. 1999. The End of Empire and the Making of Malaya. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunter, Ian. 1965. “The Commonwealth Arts Festival.Journal of the Royal Society of Arts 113(5108): 605–11.Google Scholar
J.B.P.R. 1956. “Education in Malaya.The World Today 12(9): 379–86. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40393639.Google Scholar
Jamal, Syed Ahmad. 1988. Contemporary Paintings of Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: National Art Gallery.Google Scholar
Jit, Krishen. 1994. “Introduction.” In Vision and Idea: ReLooking Modern Malaysian Art, edited by Sabapathy, T.K., 512. Kuala Lumpur: National Art Gallery.Google Scholar
Kandasamy, Maheswari, and Raman, Santhiram. 1998. “Pre-Service teacher education within the framework of inter-ethnic relations: A Malaysian historical perspective.” Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education 34, no. Supp. 2: 293309. doi.org/10.1080/00309230.1998.11434920.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, Frank H.H. 1957. The New Malayan Nation: A Study of Communalism and Nationalism. New York: Institute of Pacific Relations.Google Scholar
Liow, Joseph Chinyong. 2005. “Tunku Abdul Rahman and Malaya's relations with Indonesia, 1957–1960.Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 36(1): 87109. doi: 10.1017/S0022463405000044.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Low, Gail. 2013. “At home? Discoursing on the Commonwealth at the 1965 Commonwealth Arts Festival.” Journal of Commonwealth Literature 48(1): 97111. doi:10.1177/0021989412471838.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Low, Yvonne. 2012. “Remembering Nanyang Feng'ge.” In Modern Art Asia: Selected Papers Issues 1–8, edited by Munro, Majella, 229260. UK: Enzo Press.Google Scholar
Low, Yvonne. 2015. “Becoming professional artists in postwar Singapore and Malaya: Developments in art during a time of political transition.Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 46(3): 463484. doi:10.1017/S002246341500034X.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maniam, Subramaniam Krishnan. 1994. “In search of a centre.” Paper delivered at a seminar on Malaysian Writing: The Writers Speak, the 26th Singapore International Festival of Books and Book Fair, World Trade Centre, Singapore, September.Google Scholar
Manton, Neil. 2008. The Arts of Independence. Holt, ACT: Hall Arts.Google Scholar
Newton, Eric. 1962. “Introduction.” In Commonwealth art today, 7 November 1962 to 13 January 1963. London: Kensington High London.Google Scholar
Nye, Joseph. 2004. Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. New York: Public Affairs.Google Scholar
Oakman, Daniel. 2010. Facing Asia: A History of the Colombo Plan. Canberra: ANU E Press.Google Scholar
Ong, Emelia, and Ahmad, Izmer. 2015. “Expressions of hybridity as strategy for Malayan nationalism: Selected artworks in modern Malayan art.Wacana Seni Journal of Arts Discourse 14(1): 130.Google Scholar
Ongkili, James. 1974. “The British and Malayan nationalism, 1946–1957.Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 5(2): 255277. doi:10.1017/S0022463400013916.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piyadasa, Redza. 1994. “On origins and beginning.” In Vision and Idea: ReLooking Modern Malaysian Art, edited by Sabapathy, T.K., 1548. Kuala Lumpur: National Art Gallery.Google Scholar
Pluvier, Jan M. 1967/68. “Malayan nationalism: A myth.Journal of the Historical Society, University of Malaya 4: 2640.Google Scholar
Porter, James. 2008. “The Commonwealth Institute.The Round Table 73(292): 432–36. doi:10.1080/00358538408453668.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pugsley, Christopher. 2003. From Emergency to Confrontation: The New Zealand Armed Forces in Malaya and Borneo 1949–66. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Report of the Board of Trustees. 1966. Report of the Board of Trustees, National Art Gallery, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Covering the Period from January 1, 1965 to December 31, 1965. Kuala Lumpur.Google Scholar
Sabapathy, T K. 1995. Yeoh Jin Leng: Art and Thoughts. Kuala Lumpur: National Art Gallery.Google Scholar
Scott, Phoebe, Low, Yvonne, Abdullah, Sarena, and Whiteman, Stephen H.. 2018. “Aligning new histories of Southeast Asian art.” In Ambitious Alignments: New Histories of Southeast Asian Art 1945–1990, edited by Whiteman, Stephen H., Abdullah, Sarena, Low, Yvonne, and Scott, Phoebe, 114. Sydney & Singapore: Power Publications & National Gallery Singapore.Google Scholar
Sheppard, Mubin. 1979. Memoirs of an Unorthodox Civil Servant. Kuala Lumpur: Heinemann Educational Books.Google Scholar
Soon, Simon. 2016. “Angkatan Pelukis Se-Malaysia.” In The Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism. Taylor and Francis. Retrieved 14 Dec. 2020, from https://www.rem.routledge.com/articles/angkatan-pelukis-se-malaysia. doi:10.4324/9781135000356-REM755-1.Google Scholar
Stockwell, Anthony J. 1998. “Malaysia: The making of a neo-colony?Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 26(2): 138–56. doi:10.1080/03086539808583029.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sullivan, Frank. 1962. “Malaya.” In Commonwealth Art Today, 8384. London.Google Scholar
Sutter, John O. 1966. “Two faces of Konfrontasi: ‘Crush Malaysia’ and the Gestapu.Asian Survey 6(10): 523546CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Twomey, Christina, Sobocinska, Agnieszka, Radcliffe, Mathew, and Brawley, Sean. 2020. “Australia's Asian garrisons: Decolonisation and the colonial dynamics of expatriate military communities in Cold War Asia.Australian Historical Studies 51(2): 184211. doi:10.1080/1031461X.2019.1682015CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vasil, Raj K. 1971. Politics in a Plural Society. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Winks, Robin W. 1964. “Malaysia and the Commonwealth.” In Malaysia, A Survey, edited by Gungwu, Wang, 375400. New York: F.A. Praeger.Google Scholar