The ‘Denarius Sancti Petri’ in England1

O. Jensen

doi:10.2307/3678084

The ‘Denarius Sancti Petri’ in England1

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 February 2009

O. Jensen

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In the middle of the seventh century Rome became again, as in ancient times, the ‘centre of the universe’. Thousands of pilgrims came from distant lands, Spain, Gaul, and Britain, to worship at the shrines of the saints. We are told how these pilgrims, when first they caught sight of Rome in the distance, would fall on their knees, chant hymns, and march down to the city. Arrived there they would seek shelter in the various pilgrim-houses, where they would find fellow-countrymen to act as guides to the churches and catacombs; and after their return to their own country they would spread wonderful tales of the greatness and magnificence of the holy town and of the Papacy, until others were moved to set out on a like pilgrimage. Thus the bond between the nations and the ‘Mother of Mankind’ was stronger than one of mere political needs and advantages. It was religious zeal which sent the first newly converted Anglo-Saxons to Rome. In 689 Csedwalla, King of Wessex, after ruling for two years, took ship to Rome, seeking, as the greatest earthly honour to which he could attain, baptism in the atrium of St. Peter's. The Romans of old had been accustomed to see kings of distant lands either as captives following a triumph, or as vassals pleading before their tribunals. Their descendants now for the first time saw a barbarian king in their city. He was led by the Pope to the baptistery in the Lateran, and there on Easter Sunday, dressed in a white robe, his long hair loose, and bearing lighted tapers in his hand, he was baptised from Constantine's porphyry bow and given the name of Peter.

Type: Research Article
Information: Transactions of the Royal Historical Society , Volume 15 , December 1901 , pp. 171 - 247

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3678084 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © Royal Historical Society 1901

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References

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^{Page 181 note 4} Fabre, P., Etude sur le Liber Censuiim, Paris, 1892, p. 132Google Scholar. Idem, Recherches sur le denier de St. Pierre en Angleterre au Moyen Age. Supplément aux Mélanges d'Archéologie et d'Histoire, xii. 159–182.

^{Page 181 note 5} Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, ed. Thorpe, , London, 1861, ii. 68Google Scholar.

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^{Page 182 note 3} The earliest chronicles in which this tradition is recorded are (1) Will, ot Malmesbury, Gesta Regum Anglorum, finished 1124; (2) J. Brompton, Chronicon, written in the fourteenth century. It occurs also in the Roman chronicle of Baluzio. Asser, in his Annales Ælfredi (written c. 894), does not mention it, not does Florence of Worcester (c. 1118).

^{Page 182 note 4} The late origin of the statement made by Will, of Malmesbury is made evident in his reference to the donation as ‘tributum quod Anglia hodieque pensitat.’ Baluzio also speaks of it thus: ‘tributum quod usque hodie in Anglia solvitur.’ The incorrectness of the Roman chronicle is patent in the phrase ‘tributum obtulit coram Leone Papa IV.’ The Liber Pontificalis, ed. Vignoli, , iii. 167Google Scholar, proves Benedict III. to have been Pope in 853, when King Æthelwulf visited Rome.

^{Page 182 note 5} Cf.Liebermann, F., Die Gesetze der Angelsachsen, Halle, 1898, ii. 131et seqGoogle Scholar.

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^{Page 183 note 3} Documcnta Vaticana, No. IIa: cf. Zeitschrift für Socialgeschichte, 1893, p. 151.

^{Page 183 note 4} Documenta Vaticana, Nos. IIb, IIc, III, et seq.

^{Page 184 note 1} Because Innocent II. is the earliest of the Popes to whom allusion is made in Alexander III.'s letter. See Cartularium Monaslerii de Ramseia, ii. p. 152.

^{Page 184 note 2} The see of Carlisle, which was founded in 1133, is not quoted in Cencio's list. See Doc. Vaticana, No. IIa; cf. I.Döllinger, , Materialien zur Geschichte des 15. und 16. Jahrhunderts, p. 123Google Scholar, and Stubbs, , Registrum Sacrum Anglicanwn, 2nd ed. p. 191Google Scholar.

^{Page 184 note 3} In Tripepi, , II Papato. Pubblicazione di Scienza Cattolica, Roma, 1875, p. 509Google Scholar.

^{Page 184 note 4} Zeitschrift für Socialgeschichte, 1893, pp. 149–153; 1896, pp. 459–462. Cf.Spittler, , Nord. Reiche, p. 104Google Scholar.

^{Page 184 note 5} Cf. Letters of Anselm of Canterbury, lib. iv. ep. 29; and Jaffé-Wattenbach, No. 6525; Quadripartitus, Institut. Cnuti, i. 9; Laws of Edward the Confessor, 10; Letters of Bishop Gilbert, ep. 108, pp. 203–9, in Rerum Brit. Meditevi Scriptores, No. 67, 5, and ep. 107, pp. 202–3.

^{Page 184 note 6} Zeitschrift für Socialgeschichte, 1893, pp. 151–152.

^{Page 185 note 1} Epistolæ Innocentii III., ed. Steph Baluze, lib. xvi. ep. 173.

^{Page 185 note 2} Vide Potthast, Regesta, No. 2635. Already in 1205 Innocent III. charged the English Bishops with fraud in this matter: ‘Universis prelatis per Angliam mandat, ut Petri denarium, qui cum fide quidem colligebatur in Anglin, sed ministrorum dolo non integer ad Romanum Pontificem perveniebat, annis singuiis exigendum, sibique sine ulla fraude deferendum curent.’ Cf. Doc. Vat. No. I. p. 203.

^{Page 185 note 3} Stubbs, , Constitutional History of England, iii. 335Google Scholar.

^{Page 185 note 4} Gottlob, , Aus der Camera Apostolica des 15ten Jahrhunderts, p. 215Google Scholar.

^{Page 185 note 5} Cf. Raynaldus, , Annales EcclesiÆ, 1317Google Scholar, No. 49; 1318, No. 28; 1329, No. 81.

^{Page 186 note 1} Cf. Letter from Bishop Gilbert of London to Pope Alexander III., 1165; in Rertim Brit. Meduevi Scriptores, No. 67,55, P. 210: ‘Juxta tenorem et continentiam scriptorum qiæe in scriniis Cantuariensis ecelesiæ studiose requisita reperimus.’

^{Page 186 note 2} Quadripartitus, Instit. Cnuti, i. 9.

^{Page 186 note 3} William of Malmesbury, , Gesta Regum, i. lib–ii. § 109Google Scholar, etc.

^{Page 186 note 4} Alexander II. to King William I. an. 1068. Vide Jaffé-Wattenbach, No. 4757; Baronius, an. 1068, No. 2.

^{Page 187 note 1} Gaimar, , L'Estorie des Eagles, lines 4738–4739Google Scholar. Monumenta Hist. Brit. 764.

^{Page 187 note 2} Infra, Doc. Vat. No. IIa, b, c, and III.

^{Page 187 note 3} Cf. infra, Doc. Vat. No. IV., No. VI., Nos. VIII.–XII.

^{Page 187 note 4} Cf. Eadgar, ii. 9; Wulfstan, ed. Napier, , cap. xxiii. p. 116Google Scholar.

^{Page 188 note 1} Cf. Leis Willelmi, i. 17; Leges Edwardi Confessoris, 10. Cf. Liebermann, , Ueber die Leges Edwardi Confessoris, p. 25, note 8Google Scholar.

^{Page 188 note 2} Cf. Northumbrian Priestlaw, 57, Ia and II.

^{Page 188 note 3} Cf. Madox, , Exchequer, i. 211Google Scholar, note r; 212, notes w, x, y.

^{Page 188 note 4} Cf. Pipe Kolls, XI. 58 (an. 1167), XII. 77 (an. 1168), XIII. 45 (an. 1169), XV. 152 (an. 1170), XVI. iii. (an. 1171), XVIII. 96 (an. 1172).

^{Page 188 note 5} Vide Letters from Bishop Gilbert Foliot to Pope Alexander III. and to King Henry II. in Rer. Brit. Mediævi Scriptores, No. 67, 5, ep. 109, p. 209, ep. 110, 111, pp. 210, 211.

^{Page 188 note 6} Ibid.

^{Page 188 note 7} Cf. p. 204, infra, and p. 184, n. 2.

^{Page 188 note 8} Vide Theiner, A., Vetera Monumenta Hibernorum, No. 410, p. 193Google Scholar.

^{Page 189 note 1} Infra, pp. 220–1.

^{Page 189 note 2} Vide Letter of April 12, 1330, from Edward III. to Pope John XXII.; vide Rymer, , Fœdera, iv. 428Google Scholar.

^{Page 189 note 3} Fœdera, iv. 563.

^{Page 189 note 4} Infra, pp. 220–1.

^{Page 189 note 5} Infra, p. 221.

^{Page 189 note 6} Vide Stubbs, , Const. Hist. iii. 365Google Scholar.

^{Page 190 note 1} Cf.Liebermann, F., Die Gesetze der Angelsachsen, ii. 131et seqGoogle Scholar.

^{Page 190 note 2} This is the earliest mention of ‘tithe’ in the Laws. Vide Liebermann, F., Ueber die Leges Eadwardi Confessoris, Halle, 1896, p. 54Google Scholar. For later ordinances on tithe, vide Schmid, R., Gesetze der Angelsachsen, p. 662Google Scholar.

^{Page 190 note 3} According to Steenstrup, , Normannerne, iv. 269Google Scholar, a mulct or fine in ‘Denelagu’ was called ‘lahslit,’ Anglo-Saxon ‘wite:’ ‘ Lahslit in England Joet is twelf ôran.’ Cf. Liebermann, F., Laws of Ælfred and Guthrum, iiiGoogle Scholar. § 2 in loc. cit. i. 130.

^{Page 190 note 4} Vide F. Liebermann, loc. cit. ii. 130.

^{Page 190 note 5} Vide the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, an. 878. Cf. Asser, , Annales Ælfredi, an. 878, ed. Thorpe, , 1861, ii. 65Google Scholar; Wigorniensis, Florentius, Chronicon, an. 878Google Scholar; and Malmesburiensis, Will., Gesta Regwn, i. 126et seq. (ed. Stubbs, )Google Scholar.

^{Page 191 note 1} Cf. Liebermann, ii. 130.

^{Page 191 note 2} In the preamble it is stated that this treaty was made ‘by King Guthrum and the whole people which dwell in East Anglia.’ Vide chronicles quoted above.

^{Page 191 note 3} Cf. Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, an. 890.

^{Page 191 note 4} Vide Liebermann, ii. 128; Thorpe, , Ancient Laws, p. 71Google Scholar.

^{Page 191 note 5} Vide Liebermann, ii. 185; Thorpe, p. 104.

^{Page 191 note 6} Romfeoh or æelmesfeoh. Cf.Quadripartitus: ‘id est, elemosine pecunia.’

^{Page 191 note 7} Cf.Rossi, , Notizie degli Scavi di Antichità, 1883, p. 487Google Scholaret seq. This collection is now exhibited in Sala XII. of the Museo Nazionale at Rome.

^{Page 191 note 8} From the pontificate of John VII., 705, the Papal residence was on Mount Palatine and the grounds extended to the Via Sacra.

^{Page 191 note 9} Sitric, King of Northumbria, 914–926.

^{Page 191 note 10} Anlaf I. or Onlaf I., King of Northumbria, 927–944.

^{Page 191 note 11} Plegmund, Archbishop of Canterbury, 889–923. On the right of minting held by various bishops, vide Liebermann, , ‘Instituta Cnuti,’ Transactions of Royal Hist. Soc. vii. (1893) 100Google Scholar.

^{Page 192 note 1} Cf. Rossi, loc. cit. Pope Marinus II, 942–946, contemporary with the Kings Eadmund I. and Anlaf I. In 1611 a number of Anglo-Saxon coins of the same period were found in Lancashire.

^{Page 192 note 2} Vide Rossi, p. 490.

^{Page 192 note 3} Vide Quintino, Giulio di San, ‘Monete del X. e dell' XI. Secolo, scoperte nei dintorni di Roma nel 1843,’ in Memorie delta Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, Serie II. torn, ix.–x, 1849, pp. 1–116Google Scholar.

^{Page 193 note 1} Cf. p. 177, n. 1, and De Rossi, loc. cit. p. 490, note.

^{Page 193 note 2} Laws of Eadgar, ii. 4 (Liebermann, i. 2, p. 198). Laws of Æthdred, ix. 10, xi. (Liebermann, i. 2, p. 240).

^{Page 193 note 3} Cf.Gaimar, G., L'Estorie ties Engles, lines 4737–4739, in Mon. Hist. Brit. i. 764Google Scholar.

^{Page 193 note 4} Latin translation in Florentius Wigorniensis, Chronicon ex Chronicis, an. 1031, in Mon. Hist. Brit. i. 596, and Liebermann, , Gesetze d. A.S. i. 2, p. 276Google Scholar. Aug Thierry, , La Conquête de l' Angleterre, i. 227Google Scholar, where the following incorrect rendering occurs: ‘Les deniers dus à Saint Pierre par chaque maison des villes et des villages.’ Fabre, P. repeats the mistake; see Etude, p. 134Google Scholar. Cf. Engl. Hist. Rev. 1896, p. 744. For the date of payment, cf. Instituta Cnuti, i. 8: ‘Sollicite quoque studeamus rectitudines Dei persolvere, scilicet: elemosynas carucarum xv dies post Pascha, et decimas pecorum et pecudum in Pentecosten, frugum et fructuum terre in festivitatem Omnium Sanctorum.’ Cf. Consiliatio Cnuti, i. 9: ‘Pecunia Sancti Petri sit persoluta in festo Sancti Petri… et ecclesiasticus census ad festum Sancti Martini.’

^{Page 193 note 5} Vide Thomassinus, Lud, Vetus et Nova EcclesiÆ Disciplina, Lugduni, 1705, iii. I, 32, ivGoogle Scholar.

^{Page 194 note 1} Viz. (a) Leis Willelmi, ‘Bilingual Code;’ cf.Pollock, and Maitland, , Hist of English Law, i. 79Google Scholar; (b) Instituta Cnuti; (c) Consiliatio Cnuti; (d) Quadripartitus (c 1114); (e) Leges Henrici I. (c. 1118); Leges Edwardi Confessoris (c. 1130–35).

^{Page 194 note 2} Quadripartitus, ein englisches Rechtsbuch von 1114, nachgewiesen und herausgegeben von F. Lieberviann, 1891; Consiliatio Cnuti, eine Ueberträgung angelsdchsischer Gesetze aus dem 12ten Jahrhunderte, zum ersten Mal herausgegeben von F. Liebermann, 1893; Ueber die Leges Anglorum Seculo XIII. ineunte Londoniis collects, von F. L., 1894; Ueber pseudo-Cnuti Constitutiones de Foresta, L, von F.., 1894Google Scholar; Ueber die Leges Edwardi Confessoris, L, von F.., 1896Google Scholar; Die Gesetze der Angelsachsen, L, herausgegeben von F.., i. 1, 1898Google Scholar, i. 2, 1899; ‘Peter's Pence and the Population of England about 1164,’ English Hist. Rev. 1896, p. 744Google Scholar; ‘Instituta Cnuti,’ Trans. Roy. Hist. Soc. vii. (1893)Google Scholar, 100 et seq.

^{Page 194 note 3} Laws of Edward and Guthrum, vi. I; Eadmund, i. 2; Æthelred, v. II, vi. 18, viii. 10.

^{Page 194 note 4} Viz. Wulfstan, ed. Napier, , p. 272Google Scholar. Hickes, , Gramvi. A.S. p. 164Google Scholar.

^{Page 194 note 5} Eadgar, ii. 4; Wulfstan, xxiii. 116.

^{Page 194 note 6} Instituta Cnuti, i. 9. Cf. Liebermann, , Trans. Roy. Hist. Soc. vii. (1893), p. 85Google Scholaret seq. Edwardi Confessoris, i. 10; Rosenvinge, K., Antiqua Legum Cnuti Versio, 1826Google Scholar; Epistolce Anselmi, lib. iii. ep. 85, lib. iv. ep. 29, etc., and Roger of Wendover, , Flares Hist. an. 727, ed. Coxe, , p. 216Google Scholar; Monte, Robert de, Cronica, an. 1116Google Scholar; Henry of Huntingdon, , Hist. Anglorum, an. 1031Google Scholar, lib. vi.; Matth. Paris, , Chronica Majora, an. 793, ed. Luard, , p. 360Google Scholar.

^{Page 195 note 1} Cf. Rer. Brit. Medicevi Scriptores, No. 67, 5; ep. 93, 96, 110; Epistolœ.S. Thomœ, ed. Giles, , ii. 100Google Scholar, ep. 284.

^{Page 195 note 2} Jaffé-Wattenbach, Papal Letters, No. 5883; Muratori, , Antiq. v. 891, 827Google Scholar; Epistola Innocentii III., ed. Baluze, , ii. 831Google Scholar; Rer. Brit. Mediczvi Scriptores, No. 67, S, ep. 107–111.

^{Page 195 note 3} Jaffé, , Bibl. Rerum Germanicarum, ii. 90Google Scholar.

^{Page 195 note 4} Infra, pp. 206–41; Documenta Vaticana, Nos. IV–XII.

^{Page 195 note 5} Cf. Leis Wilklmi, i. 17.

^{Page 195 note 6} Epistolce Anselmi, lib. iv. ep. 29, an. 1103; Opera, p. 434. Jaffe-Wattenbach, No. 6525. Vide also Leges Edwardi Confessoris, 10; Placitum Parliamenti Edwardi I. an. 35 in Prynne, W., Antiqiuz Constitutiones Regni Anglice, iii. 1171Google Scholar.

^{Page 195 note 7} Quadripartitus, Inst. Cn. i. 9.

^{Page 195 note 8} Vide Letters from Gilbert Foliot to Henry II., Rer. Brit. Medicevi Scriptores, No. 67, 5, ep.107.

^{Page 195 note 9} Cf. Laws of Eadward and Guthrum, vi. 1; Leis Willelmi, i. 17b; Leges Henrici I. ii. 3.

^{Page 195 note 10} Eadmund, i. 2.

^{Page 195 note 11} Eadward and Guthrum, vi. 1. Cf. Leis Willelmi, i. 17b; Leges Henrici I xi. 3.

^{Page 195 note 12} Æthelred, viii. 16.

^{Page 195 note 13} Æadgar, ii. 4; Inst. Cnuti, i. 9; Leis Willelmi, i. 17b. Cf. Engl. Hist. Rev. 1896, p. 745.

^{Page 196 note 1} One hundred and twenty shillings in the Laws of Eadgar, ii. 4; Æthelred, viii. 10; Cnut, i. 9; 50 shillings (Norman) in Leges Henrici I. xi. 3; 40 shillings Lets Wilklmi, i. 17. One case of 60 shillings. See Engl. Hist. Rev. 1896, p. 745.

^{Page 196 note 2} Eadgar, ii. 4. Instituta Cnuti, i. 9.

^{Page 196 note 3} Cf. Schmid, R., Gesetze, p. xlviiiGoogle Scholar.

^{Page 196 note 4} Eadgar, ii. 4; Wulfstan, p. 272; Instituta Cnuti i. 9. The hearth was also the basis of the ‘Cyricsceat.’ Cf. Laws of Ini, 61; Eadgar, ii. 2. Hence Jnst. Cnuti, i. 11. For another meaning of ‘hearth-penny’ vide Thorpe, , Diplomatarium Anglicum, p. 432Google Scholar, and R. Schmid, p. 372. Thorpe takes hearth-penny to mean ‘Romfeoh.’

^{Page 196 note 5} Eadgari, ii. 4.

^{Page 196 note 6} Wulfstani, cap. xxiii., ed. Napier, , p. 116Google Scholar.

^{Page 196 note 7} Vide Symeon of Durham, ii. 371; Roger of Wendover, an. 727; Henry of Huntingdon, lib. iv., an. 755; Matth. Paris, Chron. Majora, i. 360; Brompton, Chronicon, col. 776 and 802.

^{Page 196 note 8} Vide Gaimar, L'Estorie des Engles, line 4738.

^{Page 196 note 7} Cf. Roger of Wendover, , Flores Hist. an. 793, ed. Coxe, , i. 256Google Scholar; Spittler, , Von der ehemaligen Zinsbarkeit, p. 99, note 35Google Scholar.

^{Page 196 note 10} Spittler, loc. cit. p. 99, note 36. He reckons ½ mark of silver = 15 den. and holds that those living under Danish law were more hardly used. Steenstrup, , Normannernt, iii. 369Google Scholar, note, and Moltesen, L., Avignonske Paver, p. 12Google Scholar, reckon ½ mark = 60 den. Vide Du Cange: ‘Marca Anglorum pro xiii sol. et iiii den. computatur;’ Moltesen, , Table of Coins, p. 237Google Scholar, No. 56. Rymer, , Fœdera, ii. 327Google Scholar, ½ mark = 80 den.

^{Page 197 note 1} Vide Florentius Wigorniensis, an. 1031.

^{Page 197 note 2} Bosworth, Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, sub ‘Rompening.’

^{Page 197 note 3} Leis Willelmi, i. 17.

^{Page 197 note 4} Ibid. i. 17.

^{Page 197 note 5} Leges Ed. Confessoris, 10.

^{Page 197 note 6} Ini, 61.

^{Page 197 note 7} Eadgar, ii. 4.

^{Page 197 note 8} Ætkelred, v. ii.; vi. 18; viii. 10.

^{Page 198 note 1} Northumbrian Priest-Law, 57, i. Wulfstan, ed. Napier, , pp. 116 and 272Google Scholar.

^{Page 198 note 2} Leges Eadwardi Confessoris, 10; Leges Henrici I. xi. §3.

^{Page 198 note 3} Vide Matth. Paris, , Mon. Germ. 28, p. 434Google Scholar.

^{Page 198 note 4} Northumbrian Priest-Law, 57, ii. Cf. Stubbs, , Const. Hist. i. 99Google Scholar; also Liebermann, F., Ueber dic Leges Edw. Confessoris, §§ 55–56Google Scholar.

^{Page 198 note 5} Cf. Petroburg, Benedict., De Vita et Gestis Henrici II. ed. Hearne, , ii. 716Google Scholar. The Archbishop pronounced ‘sententia excommunicationis’ against Bishop Hugh of Durham because he had withheld the privileges of the Archbishopric, and among these ‘le Rom-peni.’

^{Page 198 note 6} Münter, Fr, Magazin für Kirchengeschichte und Kirchenrecht des Nordens, Altona, 1792, i. 16–22Google Scholar.

^{Page 199 note 1} Sturlesen, Snorre, Heimskringla, ed. Peringskjold, J., iiGoogle Scholar. cap. 23.

^{Page 199 note 2} Spittler, L. T., Von der ehemal. Zinsbarkeit der nordischen Reichc an den romischen Stukl,' Hanover, 1797, pp. 67–68Google Scholar.

^{Page 199 note 3} Spittler, pp. 50–78. Muratori, Antiq. v. col. 892–893.

^{Page 199 note 4} Cl. Oernhiälm, , Historia Sveorum Gothorumque Ecdesiaslica, p. 452Google Scholar, and Spittler, loc. cit. p. 52.

^{Page 199 note 5} For the tenth century, see Laws of Eadgar, ii. 4, and for the twelfth century, Giraldus Cambrensis, Opera, i. 61–63, III. 55 an d 78. Cf. supra, pp. 196–198.

^{Page 200 note 1} According to the Liber Censuum the obligation to contribute id. rested on every household; ‘unaquseque domus; singuli lares.’

^{Page 200 note 2} Jaffé-Wattenbach, No. 4757. Baronius attributes this letter to the year 1068 (Annales an. 1068, No. 2.)

^{Page 203 note 1} Bullarium Innocentii III., anno viii°–ix°, vol. iv. fo. 55, epist. 178. Cf. Potthast, Regesta, No. 2635 (23½12 1205). Raynaldus, Neither, Annales Ecdesiastici, anno 1205, §62, norGoogle ScholarBréquigny, , Diplomata II., ii. 802Google Scholar, gives this letter in full.

^{Page 203 note 2} Peter des Roches, Bishop of Winchester, consecrated at Rome by Pope Innocent III., Oct. 25, 1205, died 1238. Vide Stubbs, , Registr. Sacr. Angl. P. 54Google Scholar.

^{Page 204 note 1} This list of payments attributed to Cencio is derived from two sources: (a) MSS. Vaticana, No. 8486, cf. Fabre, P., Etude sur le Liber Censuum, p. 171Google Scholar; (b) MSS. Riccardi, No. 228, cf. P. Fabre, loc. cit. p. 180.

Cf. Spittler, L. T., Von der ehetnal. Zinsbarkeit dar nordischen Reiche an den römischen Stuhl, 1797, p. 105Google Scholar. His list contains two errors: (a) Canterbury's payment is given as vii /. xiii s.; (b) Salisbury's as xviii l.

^{Page 204 note 3} The following is a summary of the accounts given on pp. 222–223, taken from Collectoria: Anglia:, etc., 227, fol. 92 et seq. It differs somewhat from the preceding list. The holders of offices are named instead of the dioceses. The amounts paid altered very slightly in the 135 years intervening between Cencius and Bernardo. The assessment on the diocese of Canterbury was raised 2 s. Winchester was divided into two archdeaconries, and London into three.

^{Page 205 note 1} From Rationes Collectoriœ Angliœ, etc., 12 fol. ib. According to this account the assessment on Surrey has been reduced from v l xiii s. iii d. paid in 1334 (cf. ii. b. above) to v L. x.s. This reduction seems to have been made only in the years 1367 –1370. From 1372 onward Surrey paid v l xiii s. iiii d. as before (pp. 230 and 234 n)

^{Page 205 note 2} Cf. No. vii. c.

^{Page 206 note 1} See Collectorite Svetiœ, Norwegiœ, Gotiœ et Angliœ, No. 227, fol. 92–99. Cf. Munch, P. A., Pavelige Nunticrs Regnskaber, p. 15Google Scholar.

^{Page 207 note 1} Secuntur in MS.

^{Page 207 note 2} Cf. p. 231 n.

^{Page 207 note 3} Note that Canterbury here pays 2 s. more than in Cencios' account.

^{Page 207 note 4} Vide Munch, loc. cit. p. 15a.

^{Page 209 note 1} This remainder is incorrect. The gross sum due was 89l., the total paid 77l. 2s. 8d., and the remainder therefore 11l. 17s. 40d.

^{Page 208 note 2} See tollectoritz, etc., No. 227, fol. 93b.

^{Page 214 note 1} Cf. p. 210.

^{Page 214 note 2} This total is incorrect. It should be 75l. 10s.

^{Page 215 note 1} The total was given incorrectly at first as 157l. 3s. 8d.; these figures were deleted and the correct total written above.

^{Page 219 note 1} Vide Collectoria, etc., No. 227, fol. 128 et seq.

^{Page 220 note 1} Vide Rationes Collectorice Anglice, etc., No. 227, fol. 33b.

^{Page 221 note 1} Vide Rationes Collectorite Anglia, No. 227, fol. 99b.

^{Page 221 note 2} Ibid. No. 14, fol. 21–55.

^{Page 224 note 1} Vide Collectoria, No. II, fol. 1–19.

^{Page 226 note 1} Vide Collectoria, 11, as above. These ‘rationes’ are confirmed in a ‘Comdutum abbreviatum et affirmatum’ in the same MS.

^{Page 227 note 1} These totals are confirmed in the ‘Computum abbreviatum;’ see above.

^{Page 227 note 2} In the MS. 22l incorrectly.

^{Page 228 note 1} Cf. pp. 225 and 227.

^{Page 228 note 2} In the MS. the total is given as 313l. Is. 4d. In another folio in which the account occurs again, the total is correctly given as above.

^{Page 228 note 3} See Collectoria: Anglia, etc., 12.

^{Page 230 note 1} In the ‘Compotus brevis’ is added: ‘Idem Collector dat et assignat in Restis seu areyragiis de denariis beati Petri, debitis per diversas personas, sicut latius in suis computis clarius continetur, vc xcix l. IIIIs. VIIId. sterlingorum.’

^{Page 230 note 2} Cf. Lists IIb and IIc, pp. 204, 205.

^{Page 231 note 1} These totals are confirmed by a ‘compotus brevis.’

^{Page 231 note 2} In the ‘compotus brevis’ confirming this account is added:’ A.D. MCCCLXXI° de mense Aprilis; ‘and further, ‘in Monte Flaschone A.D. MCCCLXVIII° de mense Augusti remansit prsedictus dominus Johannes debens eidem Camerse cl florenos de crozete, quos ab eadem Camera receperat A.D. MCCCLXIII cum primo ad Angliam fuit missus.’ Cf. pp. 223, 226.

^{Page 233 note 1} All these totals are confirmed in a ‘compotus brevis.’

^{Page 234 note 1} In the years 1369 and 1370 the assessment on the archdeaconry of Surrey was abated to 5l. 10s. as above. The same amount was also paid in the years 1367–1368, but ‘per errorem.’

^{Page 234 note 2} Cf. p. 242.

^{Page 235 note 1} Cf. p. 231.

^{Page 236 note 1} Cf. CollectoriÆ Anglice, 13, fol. 46.

^{Page 236 note 2} This total is confirmed in a ‘compotus brevis’ (Collcctoriœ, etc. 13 ad finem).

^{Page 236 note 1} Cf. p. 242.

^{Page 237 note 1} See Rationes Collectoria Anglice, etc. 13, fol. i. et seq.

^{Page 237 note 2} This sign probably has the same signification as the ‘solvit’ etc. written after each entry in a later hand.

^{Page 237 note 3} Added in a later hand after each entry.

^{Page 238 note 1} This total is confirmed in a ‘compotus brevis’ in Collectoriœ, 13.

^{Page 238 note 2} Vide Collectoria, etc. 12, fol 63b–67.

^{Page 241 note 1} See Colkctorice etc. 12, ad finem.

^{Page 241 note 2} Incorrect arrear. A correct account would give an arrear of 317l. 12s. 8d.

^{Page 242 note 1} Obligationes Camera Apostolica, 42, pp. 3–4.

^{Page 242 note 2} Cf. p. 236, VIII a.

^{Page 242 note 3} Cf. p. 234.

^{Page 243 note 1} From 'Liber Petri Griphi Pisani, protonotarii apostolici, collectoris in regno AngliÆ sub pontificatu Julii II.; Archiv. Vat. Armar, xxxiii. No. 26, fol. 124.

^{Page 244 note 1} The bull referred to must be one of Gregory X. (Orvieto, x. Kal. Maii, anno n., i.e. April 22, 1275), and not of Gregory V. See Fabre, , Etude, p. 143Google Scholar, note 1.

^{Page 244 note 2} In all previous accounts the amount paid by Bath and Wells is 11l. 5s.

^{Page 245 note 1} Archiv. Vat. Armar. xxxiii. No. 26, fol. 43.

^{Page 245 note 2} Ibid, xxxiii. No. 26, fol. 110.

^{Page 245 note 3} Ibid. fol. 104, 107.

^{Page 246 note 1} Ibid. fol. 113.

^{Page 246 note 2} See Codex Riccardiaims, 228 fol. 3.

^{Page 246 note 3} Cf. Fabre, , Etude, pp. 208–214Google Scholar.

^{Page 246 note 3} [MS. Cam. 354 reads 'x s. vid.

^{Page 246 note 4} [Ibid., ‘xiid. turonensium.’]

^{Page 247 note 1} [IMS. Cam. 354 reads ‘convenitur.’;]

^{Page 247 note 2} The same list as above occurs in Codex Riccardianus, 229, fol. 3, with the addition of this note. Cf Fabre, pp. 218–221. [A fuller list, dated 1366–9, is in the Cameralia, 354, fos. 83–84.]

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The ‘Denarius Sancti Petri’ in England1

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