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A Narrative of the Pursuit of English Refugees in Germany under Queen Mary1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 February 2009

I. S. Leadam
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DominusRex et Regina mandarunt hie breue suum sub Magno Sigillo suo Thesaurario et Baronibus huius scaccarii directum Cuiusquidem breuis tenor sequitur in hec verba. Philippus et Maria dei gracia Rex et Regina Anglie His-paniarum Francie vtriusque Sicilie Ierusalem et Hibernie fidei defensores Archiduces Austrie Duces Burgundie Mediolani et Brabancie Comites Haspurgi Flandrie et Tirolis Thesaurariis et Baronibus suis de Scaccario salutem Tenorem cuiusdam certificacionis coram nobis in Cancellaria nostra retornate ac in filaciis eiusdem Cancellarie nostre de Recordo residentis vobis Mittimus presentibus interclusum Mandantes vt inspecto tenore certificacionis predicte vlterius inde pro nobis fieri faciatis prout de iure et secundum legem et consuetudinem Regni nostri Anglie fuerit faciendum. Testibus nobis ipsis apud Westmonasterium xxijdo die Octobris Annis regnorum nostrorum tercio et quarto. Wa. Hare. Et tenor certificacionis vnde in brevi predicto superius fit Mencio sequitur in hec verba.

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Research Article
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Transactions of the Royal Historical Society , Volume 11 , December 1897 , pp. 113 - 131
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Historical Society 1897

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References

page 113 note 2 1556.

page 113 note 3 Presumably a clerk's signature. I can find no particulars of this person.

page 114 note 1 Nicholas Heath, Bishop of Rochester 1540, Worcester 1544, deprived 1550; Archbishop of York 1555; Chancellor 1556–8; deprived of his see 1560; died1579.

page 114 note 2 The only mention of John Brett I have found in the State Papers, Domestic, H. VIII. –Eliz., or elsewhere, is ‘a note of fines to be receivedby John Brett in Michaelmas Term 4 Eliz.(1561) from eleven persons named on surrender or transfer of lands &c, marking some as paid or denied’ (S. P. Dom. Addenda Eliz. p. 527). If this be the same person, it is evident that he continued to be employed in the Government service.

page 114 note 3 Katharine, Dowager-Duchess of Suffolk, Baroness Willoughbyd'Eresby in her own right, married in 1536, at the age of sixteen, as his fourth wife, Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, a settlement being made upon her by Act of Parliament (28 H. VIII. c. 51). She was left a widow in 1545 with two sons, both of whom died of the sweating sickness in 1551. In 1552 she married Richard Bertie, son and heir of Thomas Bertie of Bersted, Kent, and sometime Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. The Duchess, although her mother was a Spaniard, had been zealous for the Reformed Faith during the reign of Edward VI., and speciallyhostile to Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester. In 1554 Gardiner, who had become Chancellor, summoned Richard Bertie before him. The ostensible reason was a debt alleged to have been due from thelate Duke to the King, but the main purpose appears to have been to induce Bertie to promise that the Duchess should conform to the re-established faith. An amusing conversation ensued, which is set out in Foxe's Acts and Monuments, evidently from Bertie's pen, the drift of which was that the Bishop complained of sundry personal affronts he had met with at the hands of the Duchess. ‘I pray you’, said Gardiner, ‘if I may ask the questionof my lady your wife, is she now as ready to set up the Mass as she was lately to pull it down, when she caused in her progress a dog in a rochet to be carried and called by my name? Or dothshe think her lambs now safe enough, which said to me, when I veiled my bonnet to her out of mychamber window in the Tower, that it was merry with the lambs, now the wolf was shut up? Another time, my lord her husband, having invited me and divers ladies to dinner, desired every lady to choose him whom she loved best, and so place themselves. My lady your wife, taking me by thehand, for that my lord would not have her to take himself, said that forasmuch as she could notsit down with my lord whom she loved best, she had chosen him whom she loved worst.’ Bertie would give no undertaking, and, having himself procured licence to go abroad in order to obtain from the Emperor the repayment of money due to the Duke, he effected the escape of the Duchess on June 1, 1555. Bertie's dramatic narrative of their adventures, printed by Foxe, is thus summarised by Fuller, : ‘It would trouble one's head to invent more troubles thanthey had all at once, and it would break one's heart to undergo but half so many, seeing their real sufferings out-romanced the fictions of many errant adventurers’ (Church History, viii. 16)Google Scholar. They first found refuge at Wesel, where a son, whom they named Peregrine, was born, afterwards celebrated as a military commander in the Netherlands. Here they received a friendly warning from Sir John Mason, English Ambassador in the Netherlands, that Paget had set a scheme afoot to entrap them. They took refuge at Strasburg, and later at Weinheim, in theRhenish Palatinate. In April 1557, when ‘their necessaries began to fail them’, they accepted an invitation from Sigismund Augustus, King of Poland, ‘in the earldom called Crozan, where master Berty with the duchess, having the king's absolute power of government over the said earldom, continued both in great quietness and honour till the death of Queen Mary’. The spelling of the name throughout the contemporary narrative intituled ‘A Brief Discourse’ is Bartue (see p. 121, n. 1, infra); in Strype, , Life of Sir John Cheke, p. 95Google Scholar, Bertue.

page 115 note 1 Sir Thomas Wroth, one of the principal gentlemen of EdwardVI.'s bedchamber. ‘The King had divers sober and learned men about him, gentlemen ofhis privy chamber, in whose wise and learned conversation he was much delighted and as much profited…. And whosoever of these was in greatest favour with him, surely Sir Thomas Wroth, agentleman of the West, was one of those that received the largest share of benefits from him, for he not only knighted him, but heaped great wealth, honours, offices and possessions upon him. ‘A list of the grants of land to him in Middlesex, Essex, Herts, Somerset and elsewherefollows. Strype, Eccl. Mem. II. i. 387–9 (Oxford edit. 1822)Google Scholar. In 1550 Edward VI. lost ten yards of black velvet to him, which he received by order from theKing's wardrob (ibid. 388). He was one of a commission of ten for enforcing martial law in 1552 (ibid. II. ii. 3); of another commission for inquiring into the revenues derived from the King's Courts (ibid. 207); and of a third empowered to make a general inquiry into the receipts and expenditure of the Crown (ibid. 209). He was also interested in theology, being present at private conferences on the Sacrament in 1551 between Sir John Cheke and Feckenham, afterwards Dean of St. Paul's and Abbot of Westminster (Strype's, Life of Cheke, p. 69, Oxford edit. 1822)Google Scholar. It is not surprising that under Mary he took refuge at Strasburg, , where he was ‘very helpful to those of his godly countrymen among whom he dwelt, and particularly to Bartholomew Trahern, late Dean of Chichester’ (Eccl. Mem. III. i. 226, 232)Google Scholar. He returned home on the accession of Elizabeth, enjoyed considerable favour with the Queen, sat in Parliament, and maintained a great house at Enfield in Middlesex, granted to him by Edward VI.

page 115 note 2 Sir Henry Nevell was a gentleman of the Privy Chamber of Edward IV., knighted by him, together with Mr. Secretary Cecil and Sir John Cheke, in October 1551(Strype's, Life of Cheke, p. 66)Google Scholar. In the following year he was the Court nominee for the representation of Berkshire in Parliament (Eccl. Mem. II. ii. 65). He received large grants of church lands in 1551 and 1552 (ibid. 229, and II. i. 485). He accompanied the Lord High Admiral Clinton's embassy to France in 1551 (ibid. II. i. 506). He was also an ecclesiastical commissioner. He married Elizabeth Bacon, widow of SirDoyle, R. (Annals, II. ii. 210)Google Scholar.

page 116 note 1 SirStafford, William, a member of Edward VI. ‘Privy Council, was the leading personage after Lord Clinton in the embassy to France (Eccl. Mem. II. i. 507)Google Scholar. See further p. 129, infra.

page 116 note 2 Antony Meyres or Meres, Esq., of the county of Lincoln, having been presented for not receiving the Sacrament at Easter 1556, was cited before Cardinal Pole, but fled, and was pronounced excommunicate (Eccl. Mem. III. i. 483, ii. 390).

page 116 note 3 Edward Isac esquier of Wei, Kent(Strype is uncertain whether it is Edward or Edmund), had as early as 1532 been an associate of heretics and a friend of Latimer, Bishop (Eccl. Mem. i. 373)Google Scholar. He seems to have been a person of considerable wealth, for in 1550, in conjunction with another, he purchased church lands in Suffolk, Somerset, Devon, London, Cambridge, Cornwall, and Dorset(II. i. 368). He fled to Frankfort, about 1554, ‘at whose hired house in this town were harboured Richard Chambers and Thomas Sampson, late Dean of Chichester’ (III. i. 231)Google Scholar. He was one of the principal opponents of Knox, then Minister to the Frankfort refugees, on account of his language against Queen Mary, which was the cause of Knox leaving Frankfort in 1555 (ibid. 406).

page 116 note 4 William Fyneux, Esq., of Herne, Kent, son and heir of Sir John Fyneux, C.J. of the King's Bench 1495–1525, by Elizabeth, widow of William Cleere anddaughter of Sir John Paston. William Fyneux died in 1557, in which year his will was proved. Apparently, therefore, he had returned to England and conformed. (Foss's, Lives, v. 165Google Scholar; Hasted's, Hist. Kent, iii. 623Google Scholar, n. 5.)

page 116 note 5 Roger Whetnall, Esq., perhaps of Besthorp, Norfolk (Blomfield, i. 497). Thomas and George Whetnall appear as signatories of a letter from the congregation at Frankfort to that at Strasburg on December 3, 1554 (A Brief Discourse of the Troubles begun at Frankfort in the year 1534; reprinted, London, 1846, p. xxvi)Google Scholar.

page 116 note 6 Strype, John Hales., Eccl. Mem. (Oxford, 1822), vol. II. pt. i. ch. xxi. p. 268Google Scholar, describes the John Hales of Somerset's Inclosure Commission of 1548 as ‘clerk of the hanaper’, and after telling us that he was an exile at Frankfort during the time of Queen Mary (ibid. III. i. 405) adds that he was replaced as clerk of the hanaper to Elizabeth, Queen (Annals, I. i. 74)Google Scholar. This has been followed by Dugdale and all subsequent writers, including Miss Lamond in her edition of The Common Weal of this Realm of England by W. S., ascribed by her to John Hales. Dugdale says of John Hales that he was ‘an active man in those days and clerk of the Hamper(an office then of no small benefit)’, who ‘accumulated a great estate in monastery and chantry lands’, and founded a grammar school in Coventry’ (Warwickshire, ed. 1765, p. 119; cf. Lamond's, Miss ‘Introduction’, pp. xxiGoogle Scholar, xxvi, xxviii). Miss Lamond finds confirmation of Strype's statement in the negative evidence that the Acts of the Privy Council show that while payments were made to John Hales, ‘apparently inhis capacity of Clerk of the Hanaper in 1547 and 1548—the last on February 25, 1549—his name does not appear in the subsequent volumes.’ Yet there is no trace of any other person holding the office. Now while it is certain that under Edward VI. a John Hales was clerkof the Hanaper, it is scarcely less certain that this person was not John Hales of Coventry, the friend of Somerset and chairman of the Commission on Inclosures of 1548–9. The evidence is both positive and negative. We know that John Hales of Coventry took refuge at Frankfort at the accession of Mary (Strype, , Mem. III. i. 405)Google Scholar. He had anticipated trouble in 1550, after the fall of his patron, Somerset, for we find him on January 4, 1551, conveying away the greater part of his large property to trustees, evidentlyin preparation for flight, doubtless on account of the hostility of Northumberland arising out of his action as commissioner to inquire into inclosures. In August 1553, a month after Mary had ascended the throne, he conveyed away all the rest. These facts we learn from the finding of the jury in 1557 upon the Inquisition into his lands&c. prior to confiscation, at which time the jury returned ‘nulla bona’ in Coventry or Warwickshire. (MS. R. O. Exch. Q. R. Mem. Roll 338, H, T. 3 and 4 P. & M.(1557), m. 176 i & ii, ii dorso, iii, iii dorso & iv). Miss Lamond shows us(p. xxvi)that in 1550 he was perhaps at Zurich (Original Letters, Parker Society, Nos. 99, 100, pp. 188, 189), and certainly at Strasburg in 1552 (Cranmer, , Works, p. 435Google Scholar, Letter 299). Possibly the fall of Northumberland in July 1553 emboldened him to pay a brief visit to England for the purpose of winding up his affairs in expectation of a protracted exile. Now, if the duties of Clerk of the Hanaper have been correctly set out— ‘the business of this officer is to receive all moneys due to the king for the seals of charters, patents, commissions&c, and the fees of enrolling. In Term Time he is to attend the Lord Chancellor daily, and at all times of sealing, receiving all charters &c. after they are sealed [put up in leather bags, sealed with the Chancellor's private seal], which are to be delivered tothe Controuler of the Hanaper’ (Sharp, T., History of Coventry, 1871, p. 166, n.)Google Scholar—it is inconceivable that the political enemies of Hales would have suffered him to retain this lucrative office from 1551 to I557, when his absence from the country afforded them the ready plea that it was impossible for him to perform its duties. Nevertheless, we find amongthe Exchequer inrolments of 1555 ‘De compoto Radulphi Sadlyer&Johannis Hales custodumsiue clericorum hanapii cancellarie Regis&Regine’. These two, one of them being on the accepted hypothesis absent in Germany, account for the large sum of 5821l. 7s. 1¼d., which had passed through their hands between Michaelmas 1553 and Michaelmas 1554. In 1556 John Bret, the author of this narrative, was sent to Frankfort to deliver a royal lettercommanding John Hales and other refugees to return to England(MS. R. O. Exch. Q. R. Mem. Roll 338, M. T. 3 and 4 P. &M. m. 191). In Michaelmas Term of the same year (1556) the commissionwas issued to Sir Fulk Grevyle and others to seize all his lands, goods, and chattels in Warwickshire, Leicestershire, and the city of Coventry into the hands of the king and queen (ibid, inter commissiones), yet in the following summer, Trinity Term, 1557, we find Sir Ralph Sadler and John Hales, Esquire, described as before, delivering their account for 4089l. 8s. 11d. from Michaelmas 1555 to Michaelmas 1556, and that in the summer of 1557 John Hales, the Clerk of the Hanaper, was still in enjoyment of his office appears from the recital that he and his colleague are accountable for the receipts of 1556–1557 (ibid. T. T. m. 92). Pawle or Powle, whom Miss Lamond seems to suppose to have been Hales's successor, is mentioned in this document as the comptroller and supervisor of the office to whom the accounts were rendered. When those for 1556–57 are delivered the clerks are Sir Ralph Sadler and Francis Kempe, gentleman (ibid. Roll 339, E. T. 4 and 5 P. &M. m. 4 dorso). If, on the other hand, we turn to contemporary documents, we find John Hales, the friend of Somerset, invariably describedas of Coventry, but never as Clerk of the Hanaper. In an Act of Parliament of 1580 ‘for perfecting of Assurances of certain Lands towards the maintenance of a free gramer schole within the City of Coventry’ he is called ‘John Hales, late of your said Cyttie, Esq.,’ and also ‘John Hales the elder.’ Lastly, his epitaph given by Strype makes no mention of him as Clerk of the Hanaper(Annals, II. i. 352).

But there was a Clerk of the Hanaper of the name, and about six months after the confiscation of the goods of John Hales of Coventry he seems to have vacated his office. John Hales of Coventry was the younger son of Thomas Hales of Hales Place, Halden, Kent. But there was another branch of the family settled at Canterbury, in which the name of John occurs. This branch also, of which the most notable representative was Sir James Hales, the judge, was also well affected to the Protestant party. Now we know that John Hales of Coventry had a nephew John, who inherited his house there, the uncle being unmarried. It is presumably by way of distinction from this nephew that he was called ‘Hales with the club-foot.’ Whether this be so or not, it is highly probable that the vindictiveness ot Mry against the Protestant party would not have suffered the retention of a lucrative crown appointment by the nephew of a leader among the refugees, or by any member of a family more than one of which was known to be sympathetic with heresy. The retirement of the Clerk of the Hanaper six months after the confiscation of the property of John Hales of Coventry, while it marks a line of distinction between the two, is very much what might have been expected under the circumstances. The same clerk who had been deprived would for the same reasons naturally be reinstated under Elizabeth.

page 118 note 1 One of this name ‘that was silkwoman’ to Queen Anne Boleyn, ‘a gentlewoman not now alive,’ is eulogised by Foxe as ‘of great credit and also of fame for her worthy doings’ while at Anne's Court. It is possible that this is the same Mrs. Wilkinson described by Strype as ‘a woman of good quality and a great reliever of good men.’ ‘Her the Archbishop out of prison advised to escape’ (Mem. of Cranmer, p. 449). Strype prints the Archbishop's letter at full length in the Appendix (ibid. p. 916). She is recorded by Strype as one of those charitable persons who succoured in their need the Protestant prisoners in the Bench, King's (Ecd. Mem. III. i. p. 223)Google Scholar. Among the ‘comperta’ of Cardinal Pole on his metropolitical visitation of the see of Lincoln, , ‘Magistra Wilkinson’ is mentioned as having the impropriation of Kimbeltoune (cf. III. ii. 404)Google Scholar. She probably died at Frankfort, for on July 25, 1557, Edmond Sutton speaks of her as ‘good Mistress Wilkinson off blessed memorie,’ and mentions that ‘she Dut Home and Chambers in truste with the deuisinge and makinge of hir will, whereby she gave to this and other poore congregations of the poore banished Englishmen a Christian liberall relief (A Brief Discourse, p. clxxviii). She left a daughter living at Frankfort (ibid.).

page 119 note 1 Chambers, i.e. Richard Chambers, who ‘did in King Edward's days expend great sums of money in charity, which ran in two streams, one towards the supply of such as were students in the universities, and the other towards other godly poor. For he was a great favourer of learning and a friend to the oppressed. In the reign of that king he visited both Cambridge and Oxford, allowing pensions to many hopeful young men there. At Oxford he afforded 6l. a year to Mr. Jewel to buy divinity books, and exhorted him to set his mind intensely upon that study. For he did not only relieve the wants of the needy, but greatly edified them by his counsel. And commonly when he was disposed to charity he took a preacher with him, who instructed the receivers of his bounty and admonished the students of their duty; which office Peter Martyr sometimes performed and sometimes Jewel…And the said Chambers, being afterwards an exile at Frankford, continued his good deeds, in helping and succouring the students and poorer sort of the English nation there.’ (Eccl. Mem. III. i. 225.) He was, with Grindal, selected as agent to the Strasburg exiles to treat with those at Frankfort about the English service book (id. Life of Grindal p. 14). He died in England in 1566 (Annals I. ii. 544).

page 119 note 2 ‘Maister Ade’ appears to have been elected in 1557 to an office in the church at Frankfort, but declined to serve (A Brief Discourse, p. xcvij). His signature appears as John Ade on December 21, 1557(ibid. cxxxv).

page 119 note 3 ‘In the yere of oure lorde 1554 & the 27 off June came Edmonde Sutton, William Williams, William Whittingham & Thomas Wood with their companies to the citie off Franckford in Germany the firste Englishe men that there arrived to remaine & abide’ (A Brief Discourse). There was another member of the congregation in 1557 named Henry Wood (ibid. cxxxiv). In 1556 Thomas Wood separated from the congregation at Frankfort and went to Geneva (Fuller, T., Christ. Hist. iv. 221, Oxford ed. 1845)Google Scholar. I find no William Wood among the refugees. A person of this name, a baker, of Stroud, Kent, afterwards vicar of Suddenham, was indicted for heresy in 1554, but released (Foxe, , Acts and Monuments, .viii. 567, 729)Google Scholar.

page 120 note 1 Sutton; cf. p. 119, n. 3, supra. Sutton appears, from a letter addressed by John Hales to thirteen persons, members of the Frankfort congregation, on January 26, 1557, to have been one of the principal members of the English Church there. On July 25, 1557, he wrote a circular letter with the object of collecting alms for the relief of the poor English refugees in Frankfort, (A Brief Discourse, pp. lxvGoogle Scholar, cxxxiii, clxxiv).

page 120 note 2 Christopher Hales was present in 1551 at the private disputation on the Sacrament between Cheke and Feckenham at Cecil's house (see p. 115, n. I, supra; Strype, , Mem. of Cranmer, p. 386)Google Scholar. Strype, , in his Life of Grindal (p. 12)Google Scholar, mentions Mr. Hales among those who fled to Strasburg in 1553. This is perhaps Christopher, whose name only appears at the end of a list of the principal members of the Frankfort, congregation in 1557 (Brief Discourse, p. lxv)Google Scholar. He may therefore have migrated thither from Strasburg with the purpose of joining his brother John, (see p. 117, supra)Google Scholar. He does not appear to have been a person of any mark.

page 120 note 3 After searching through Kirchner, A., Geschichte der Stadt Frankfurt a.M. (Frankf. 1807, 2 vols.)Google Scholar, with the aid of Pfeiffer's, G. W.Repertorium (Frankf. 1856)Google Scholar, I have failed to find that ‘Consul’ was a title in use. The city was governed by a Biirgermeister and Rath, the latter the ‘Councell’ of this narrative.

page 121 note 1 ‘After that Mr. Bartue and the dutches of Sulff. were safely arrived at Wezell in Westphalia, the brute theroff was the cause that moo Englishe people in shorte time resorted thither. It pleased God also that M. Couerdale (after that he had bin withe the king of Denmark) should come to the same Towne, who preached there no longe tyme, till he was sent for by woulgange duke off bypont, to take the pastorall charge off Bargzater, one of his Townes off Germany, at whose comminge to the duke, he made it knowen, bothe to himselff and to other noble men abowt him off M.B. and the dutches beinge in the Lowe countries. They vnderstandinge the daunger that might come vnto them in those partes, as also calling to remembrance what great curteisie strangers had founde in Englande at the dutches handes, made offre that iff they were forced to remoue or otherwise if it pleased them, they should haue the Castle of Winehaim by Hedleberge within the liberties of Otto Henricus then Palsgraue and a godly Prince, who most gladly (as well appeared) gaue consent to the same. M. Bartue and the Dutches acceptinge this offre, lefte Wezell and came vp to the saide Castle and there continued, till leauinge Germany they traueled towardes the lande off Pole’ (A Brief Discourse, p. clxxxv). ‘The Weinheim vineyard is situate in the environs of the town at the entrance to the romantic valley of the Birkenau…and commanded by the old ruined castle of Windeck, remarkable for its cylindrical donjon tower’ (Murray, , Handbook to the Rhine and North Germany, ed. 1886, p. 384)Google Scholar. Otto Heinrich, Palsgrave 1556–59, a zealous friend of the Reformation (see Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, Leipzig, 1887, vol. xxi. p. 713)Google Scholar.

page 122 note 1 Sic.

page 124 note 1 I have failed to find the word Kelder either in Graff, Althochdeutschcr Sprachsatz, or Wilhelm Miiller, Mittelhochdeutsches Worterbuch, or in M. Lexer, Mittelhockdeutsih.es ffandtvorterbuch.

page 125 note 1 There were two refugees of this name. One of them, John Turpin, belonged to the Frankfort congregation in 1557, and nothing further is known of him (see A Brief Discourse, p. cxxxiii). The other was Thomas Turpyn, an exile for religion at Arrow in Switzerland in 1559 (Strype, , Ann. Ref. I. i. 154)Google Scholar: perhaps the person of the same name who was ordained deacon by Archbishop Grindal in 1560, and priest by Pilkington, Bishop of Durham in 1561, on which occasion he was described as ‘born in Calais’ (Life of Grindal, pp. 73, 74).

page 125 note 2 Goslinge. This was perhaps the ‘Gosling, a merchant of London,’ dwelling at Leigh, Essex, who assisted the Duchess to escape (Foxe, viii. 572)Google Scholar.

page 125 note 3 Christofer. I can find no particulars of this person.

page 125 note 4 William Barlow, successively Bishop of St. Asaph, St. David's, Bath and Wells, and Chichester. He was brought up as an Austin canon at St. Osyth's, Essex, and at the house of the Order in Oxford, and became prior of Bromehill, the suppression of which house caused him to write violent attacks on Wolsey and the Church generally. After retracting these he ingratiated himself with the Court, and especially with Anne Boleyn, who procured him the priory of Haverfordwest. He now became an ardent reformer, and in 1536 was made Bishop of St. Asaph, from which he was almost immediately translated to St. David's. In the same year he was ambassador to Scotland. During the reign of Edward VI. he threw himself zealously into the reforming movement, and in 1548 was translated by Somerset to the see of Bath and Wells. In 1550 he married. He was imprisoned in the Tower on Mary's accession, but was either released or escaped to Germany, where, according to Fuller, he became minister to an English congregation at Enibden. This document throws a new light upon his movements. Upon Elizabeth's accession he returned to England, assisted in the consecration of Parker, and in 1559 was made Bishop of Chichester, where he died in 1568 (Diet. Nat. Biog.).

page 125 note 5 Sic.

page 129 note 1 In April 1556 Richard and Nicholas Tremain, being implicated in a plot against the Government, were proclaimed traitors, but contrived to escape (Eccl. Mem. III. 487).

page 129 note 2 Arthur Saule was a Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, ‘which of all the rest in that University seemed most addicted to the Gospel’ (Eccl. Mem. III. i. 82). Gardiner, as visitor, expelled fourteen or fifteen members of the Foundation, beginning with the President (ibid.), Saule being One of them. He took refuge at Strasbarg, and appears as one of the signatories of a letter to the congregation at P'rankfort on November 23, 1554(A Brief Discourse, &c, p. xxiii). He returned to England on the accession of Elizabeth, and was one cf those who subscribed the Articles of 1562.

page 129 note 3 Goodolphyn. I have failed to find any particulars of this person.

page 129 note 4 Bodleigh, John was an exile in Geneva for religion (Eccl. Mem. II. i. 233)Google Scholar, forming one of Knox's, congregation, and being ‘no small staie as well to that churche as to others’ (A Brief Discourse, p. clxxxv)Google Scholar. He took the chief part in the Geneva, version of the Bible (Life of Archbishop Parker, p. 412)Google Scholar. He was father of the celebrated Sir Thomas Bodley.

page 130 note 1 Sir Anthony Cooke (1504–76), tutor to King Edward VI. He fled to Strasburg in 1554. He was the father of the celebrated five learned ladies. He returned home after Elizabeth's accession, and sat for Essex in the House ot Commons (see Dict. Nat. Biog. ).

page 130 note 2 Sic.

page 131 note 1 Sir A. Cooke had four sons, Anthony, Richard, Edward, and William (ibid.).

page 131 note 2 Becon, Thomas, D.D. (1512–67), a refugee at Strasburg from 1554–58 (see ibid.).