The Intellectual Influence of English Monasticism between the Tenth and the Twelfth Centuries

R. Graham

doi:10.2307/3678137

^{page 23 note 1} Memorials of St. Dunstan, ed. Stubbs, W., p. 290 (R.S.)Google Scholar

^{page 23 note 2} Chronicon Abbatiæ Rameseiensis, ed. Macray, W. D., p. 25 (R.S.)Google Scholar

^{page 23 note 3} Willelmi Malmesbiriensis De Gestis Pontificum Anglorum, ed. Hamilton, N. E. S. A., p. 70(R.S.)Google Scholar

^{page 24 note 1} Ælfrici Grammatica Latino-Saxonica, p. 2; Appendix to Dictiotiarium Saxonico-Latino-Anglicum, ed. Somner, , 1659Google Scholar.

^{page 24 note 2} King Alfred's West-Saxon Version of Gregory's Pastoral Care, ed. Sweet, H., p. 3 (E.E.T.S.)Google Scholar

^{page 24 note 3} Camden, , Anglica Scripta, ed. 1603, p. 21 (Asserus de Ælfredi Rebus Gestis)Google Scholar.

^{page 24 note 4} Historians of the Church of York, ed. Raine, J., i. 404 (R.S.)Google Scholar

^{page 24 note 5} Chronicon Abbatiæ Rameseiensis, ed. Macray, W. D., p. 21 (R.S.)Google Scholar

^{page 24 note 6} Historians of the Church of York, ed. Raine, J., i. 105–107Google Scholar.

^{page 24 note 7} Ibid. pp. 107–159.

^{page 25 note 1} Cartularium Saxonicum, ed. de Gray Birch, W., ii. passim, e.g. 423, 579, 895Google Scholar. Cf. Willelmi Malmesbiriensis De Gestis Pontificum Anglorum, ed. Hamilton, N. E. S. A., p. 70Google Scholar: ‘Id in omnibus antiquis cartis est animadvertere quantum quibusdam verbis abstrusis et ex Græco petitis delectentur.’

^{page 25 note 2} Gesta Abbatum Monasterii Sancti Albani, ed. Riley, H. T., i. 26Google Scholar. It is clear that the revival under Abbot Eadmer was contemporary with the general revival in Edgar's reign.

^{page 25 note 3} Alfred's West-Saxon Version of Gregory's Pastoral Care, ed. Sweet, H. (E.E.T.S.)Google Scholar

^{page 25 note 4} Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft, ed. Cockayne, O., iii. 441, 443 (R.S.)Google Scholar

^{page 25 note 5} Liber Eliensis, ed. Stewart, D. J., p. 153 (Anglia Christiana Society)Google Scholar.

^{page 25 note 6} Cartularium Saxonicum, ed. Birch, W. de Gray, ii. 229Google Scholar.

^{page 25 note 7} Ibid. p. 272.

^{page 25 note 8} Ibid. p. 351.

^{page 25 note 9} Ibid. p. 373, ‘ad usus monachorum Dei inibi degentium,’ A.D. 931.

^{page 25 note 10} Ibid. p. 394.

^{page 25 note 11} Ibid. p. 399.

^{page 25 note 12} Ibid. p. 408, ‘ad refectorium fratribus et ad vestimenta,’ A.D. 934.

^{page 26 note 1} Cartularium Saxonicum, ed. Birch, W. de Gray, ii. p. 423Google Scholar.

^{page 26 note 2} Chronicon Mmtasterii de Abingdon, ed. Stevenson, J., ii. 259 (R.S.)Google Scholar

^{page 26 note 3} Memorials of St. Dunstan, ed. Stubbs, W., p. 7Google Scholar.

^{page 26 note 4} Ibid. pp. 10, 74, 256.

^{page 26 note 5} Ibid. p. 257.

^{page 26 note 6} Ibid. p. 11.

^{page 27 note 1} Memorials of St. Dunstan, ed. Stubbs, W., p. 14Google Scholar.

^{page 27 note 2} Wulfstan, , ‘Vita St. Æthelwoldi,’ Migne, , Patrologia Cursus Completus, cxxxvii. 87Google Scholar.

^{page 27 note 3} Chronicon Monasterii de Abingdon, ed. Stevenson, J., ii. 258Google Scholar.

^{page 27 note 4} Memorials of St. Dunstan, ed. Stubbs, W., p. 101Google Scholar.

^{page 27 note 5} Chronicon Monasterii de Abingdon, ed Stevenson, J., i. 129Google Scholar.

^{page 27 note 6} ‘Rules for Monks and Secular Canons after the Revival under King Edgar,’ by Bateson, Mary. Cf. English Historical Review, 1894, pp. 690, 691Google Scholar.

^{page 27 note 7} Chronicon Abbatiæ Rameseiensis, ed. Macray, W. D., p. 42Google Scholar.

^{page 28 note 1} ‘Vita Sancti Abbonis,’ Migne, , Patrologiæ Cursus Completus, cxxxix. 390Google Scholar.

^{page 28 note 2} Migne, , Patrologiæ Cursus Completus, cxxxix. 521–534Google Scholar.

^{page 28 note 3} Chronicon Abbatiæ Rameseiensis, ed. Macray, W. D., p. xxviiGoogle Scholar.

^{page 28 note 4} Memorials of St. Edmund's Abbey, ed. Arnold, T., i. 3Google Scholar.

^{page 28 note 5} Ibid.

^{page 28 note 6} E.g. ibid. p. 9. ‘Quem, præda facta … innoxios.’

^{page 28 note 7} Ibid. p. 11.

^{page 28 note 8} Historians of the Church of York, ed. Raine, J., i. 399–475Google Scholar.

^{page 29 note 1} E.g. ibid. pp. 399, 400.

^{page 29 note 2} E.g. ibid. p. 413. ‘Hortante … tripudio.’

^{page 29 note 3} Memorials of St. Dunstan, ed. Stubbs, W., pp. xviii, xixGoogle Scholar.

^{page 29 note 4} Ibid. p. 214. Of forty-eight, eight were for women. Cf. Fasti Monastici avi Saxonici, ed. W. de Gray Birch.

^{page 29 note 5} Memorials of St. Dunstan, ed. Stubbs, W., p. 302Google Scholar.

^{page 29 note 6} Ibid. p. 304. Cf. also p. 209.

^{page 29 note 7} Wulfstan, , ‘Vita S. Æthelwoldi,’ Migne, , Patrologiæ Cursus Completus, cxxxvii. 92, 93Google Scholar.

^{page 29 note 8} Chranicon Monasterii de Abingdon, ed. Stevenson, J., i. 348Google Scholar.

^{page 30 note 1} Chronicon Abbatiæ Rameseiensis, ed. Macray, W. D., p. 36Google Scholar.

^{page 30 note 2} Ibid. p. 41.

^{page 30 note 3} Les Écoles épiscopales et monastiques de l'Occident, par Maître, Léon, pp. 198, 199Google Scholar.

^{page 30 note 4} L'Abbaye du Bee et ses Écoles, par Porrée, M. L'Abbé, p. 24Google Scholar.

^{page 30 note 5} Arnold, Matthew, Schools and Universities on the Continent, p. 6Google Scholar. Cf. Migue, , Patrologiæ Cursus Completes, exxxix. 387Google Scholar. ‘Talibus ergo Abbo ortus parentibus in Floriacensi monasterio scholæ clericorum ecclesiæ Sancti Petri obsequentium traditur litteris imbuendus.’

^{page 30 note 6} Historians of the Chtirch of York, ed. Raine, J., i. 413–419Google Scholar.

^{page 30 note 7} Chronicon Abbatiæ Rameseiensis, ed. Macray, W. D., p. 24Google Scholar.

^{page 30 note 8} Chronicon Monasterii de Abingdon, ed. Stevenson, J., ii. 250Google Scholar.

^{page 30 note 9} D'Achery, , Spicilegium, ed. 1655–1677, iv. 175–183Google Scholar.

^{page 30 note 10} Ibid. p. 183.

^{page 30 note 11} Pertz, , Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Leges, i. 202, cap. 45Google Scholar.

^{page 30 note 12} Ibid. p. 202, cap. 42.

^{page 31 note 1} English Historical Review, 1894, pp. 693–5, for a list of English manuscripts containing copies of Benedict of Aniane's ‘Memoriale’ and the Epitome, the Capitulary of 817, the Rule of St. Benedict with an Anglo-Saxon translation. Among the books marked by John of Glastonbury in 1247 in the library catalogue as ‘vetustissimi’ were the ‘Decreta Caroli et Ludovici regnm.’ Cf. Glastoniensis, Joannes, Chronica, ed. Hearne, T., pp. 423–444Google Scholar.

^{page 31 note 2} Memorials of St. Dunstan, ed. Stubbs, W., pp. 28, 46Google Scholar.

^{page 31 note 3} Ibid. p. 261.

^{page 31 note 4} Ibid. p. 175.

^{page 31 note 5} ‘Ælfrici Grammatica Latino-Saxonica,’ p.1; Appendix to Dictionarium Saxonico-Latino-Anglicum, ed. Somner, , 1659Google Scholar.

^{page 31 note 6} Wulfstan, , ‘Vita Sancti Æthelwoldi,’ Migne, , Patrologiæ Cursus Completus, cxxxvii. 91Google Scholar.

^{page 31 note 7} Ibid. p. 95.

^{page 31 note 8} Green, J. R., The Conquest of England, pp. 544, 545Google Scholar.

^{page 31 note 9} Cartularium Saxotiicum, ed. Birch, W. de Gray, iiiGoogle Scholar. passim, e.g. pp. 308, 450, 453.

^{page 31 note 10} Dugdale, , Monasticon, vol. i. p. xxviiGoogle Scholar.

^{page 31 note 11} ‘Miracula S. Swithuni, Wintoniensis Episcopi, per Lantfredum, Wintoniensem Monachum,’ MS. Cotton, Nero E 1, ff. 33–51. For his introductory epistle cf. Memorials of St. Dunstan, ed. Stubbs, W., p. 370Google Scholar.

^{page 31 note 12} Vita S. Swithuni, versibus hexametris, per Wolstanum, MS. Reg. 15, C. vii.

^{page 32 note 1} Cf. note 1, p. 9.

^{page 32 note 2} Mullinger, Bass, The Schools of Charles the Great, pp. 97–99Google Scholar.

^{page 32 note 3} Wharton, , Anglia Sacra, ii. 244, 245Google Scholar, ‘Willelmus Malmesbiriensis de Vita S. Wlstani Episcopi Wigornensis.’

^{page 32 note 4} Dugdale, , Monasticon, vol. i. pp. xxx, xxxiGoogle Scholar.

^{page 32 note 5} Analecta Anglo-Saxonica, ed. Thorpe, B., pp. 18–36Google Scholar.

^{page 32 note 6} Ibid. p. 18.

^{page 33 note 1} Chronicon Abbatiæ Rameseiensis, ed. Macray, W. D., pp. 112, 113Google Scholar.

^{page 33 note 2} Memorials of St. Dunstan, ed. Stubbs, W., pp. 137, 141Google Scholar.

^{page 33 note 3} ‘ÆElfrici Grammatica Latino-Saxonica;’ Appendix to Dictionarium Saxonico-Latino-Anglicum, ed. Somner, , 1659, p. 1Google Scholar.

^{page 33 note 4} Ibid.

^{page 33 note 5} E.g. Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft, ed. Cockayne, O., vol. i. pp. lvi, lviii, lxiii, lxviiiGoogle Scholar.

^{page 33 note 6} ÆElfric's, Homilies, ed. Thorpe, B., i. 3Google Scholar.

^{page 34 note 1} ÆElfric's, Homilies, ed. Thorpe, B., i. p. 9Google Scholar. ÆElfric's, Lives of Saints, ed. Skeat, W. W., i. 7 (E.E.T.S.)Google Scholar

^{page 34 note 2} Poole, R. L., Illustrations of the History of Mediæval Thought, p. 85, n. 7Google Scholar.

^{page 34 note 3} Dugdale, , Monasticon, i. 382Google Scholar.

^{page 34 note 4} ÆElfric's, Lives of Saints, ed. Skeat, W. W., vol. ii. pp. xlivGoogle Scholar.

^{page 34 note 5} Compotus Rolls of the Obedientiaries of St. Swithun's, ed. Kitchin, G. W., p. 175Google Scholar, in Ælfric's Abridgment of St. Ethelwold's Concordia Regularis, ed. Mary Bateson.

^{page 34 note 6} Homilies Ælfric, ed. Thorpe, B., i. 9Google Scholar.

^{page 34 note 7} Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft, ed. Cockayne, O., vol. i. p. lviiGoogle Scholar. Cf. Memorials of St. Dunstan, ed. Stubbs, W., p. cxxiiGoogle Scholar.

^{page 34 note 8} Historians of the Church of York, ed. Raine, J., i. 462Google Scholar.

^{page 35 note 1} Migne, Patrologia Cursus Completes, cv. 196, capp. ccxix, ccxx.

^{page 35 note 2} Wilkins, , Concilia, i. 207Google Scholar.

^{page 35 note 3} Ibid. c. xx.

^{page 35 note 4} Ibid. c. xix.

^{page 35 note 5} Cf. p. 9, n. 7.

^{page 35 note 6} Wilkins, , Concilia, i. 226, cap. xiiGoogle Scholar.

^{page 35 note 7} Ibid. p. 225, cap. x.

^{page 35 note 8} Ibid. p. 228, cap. li.

^{page 35 note 9} Ibid. p. 225, cap. xi.

^{page 35 note 10} Ibid. p. 228, cap. li.

^{page 35 note 11} Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft, ed. Cockayne, O., iii. 185, 187, 189, 191, 193Google Scholar.

^{page 36 note 1} Maître, Léon, Les Écoles épiscopales et monastiques de l'Occident, 768–1180, p. 173Google Scholar.

^{page 36 note 2} Poole, R. L., Illustrations of the History of Mediæval Thought, p. 113Google Scholar.

^{page 36 note 3} Memorials of St. Edmund's Abbey, ed. Arnold, T., i. 3Google Scholar. Cf. Memorials of St. Dunstan, ed. Stubbs, W., p. lviiGoogle Scholar.

^{page 36 note 4} Hunt, W., A History of the English Church from its Foundation to the Norman Conquest, p.394Google Scholar.

^{page 36 note 5} Memorials of St. Edmund's Abbey, ed. Arnold, T., i. 46Google Scholar.

^{page 36 note 6} Ibid. p. 126.

^{page 36 note 7} The Foundation of Waltham Abbey, ed. Stubbs, W., p. viGoogle Scholar.

^{page 36 note 8} Ibid. p. 15, cf. p. 35.

^{page 37 note 1} Joannes Glastoniensis, Chronica, ed. Hearne, T., pp. 423–444Google Scholar.

^{page 37 note 2} Willelmi Malmesbiriensis De Gestis Pontificum Anglorum, ed. Hamilton, N.E.S.A., p. 196Google Scholar.

^{page 37 note 3} Cf. Ælfric's, Lives of Saints, ed. Skeat, W. W., vol. ii. p. xlvGoogle Scholar.

^{page 37 note 4} For Peterborough, cf. Dugdale, , Monasticon, i. 382Google Scholar.

^{page 37 note 5} Böhmer, H., Kirche und Staat in England und in der Normandie im XI. und XII. Jahrhundcrt, p. 58Google Scholar.

^{page 37 note 6} Dictionary of National Biography (1046–1072).

^{page 38 note 1} Homilies of Ælfric, ed. Thorpe, B., i. 7Google Scholar.

^{page 38 note 2} Cf. Böhmer, H., Kirche und Staat in England und in der Normandie, p. 58Google Scholar.

^{page 38 note 3} Poole, R. S., Illustrations of the History of Mediæval Thought, pp. 38–46Google Scholar.

^{page 38 note 4} Ibid. pp. 30–39.

^{page 38 note 5} Ibid. pp. 90, 91.

^{page 38 note 6} Homilies of Ælfric, ed. Thorpe, B., ii. 521Google Scholar.

^{page 38 note 7} Ælfric's, Lives of Saints, ed. Skeat, W. W., i. 4Google Scholar.

^{page 38 note 8} Homilies of Ælfric, ed. Thorpe, B., i. 1Google Scholar.

^{page 38 note 9} Ibid. p. 3.

^{page 38 note 10} Ibid. ii. 263–287.

^{page 39 note 1} Böhmer, H., Kirche und Staat in England und in der Normandie, p. 61, n. 4Google Scholar.

^{page 39 note 2} Poole, R. L., Illustrations of the History of Mediæval Thought, p. 51Google Scholar.

^{page 39 note 3} Ælfric's, Lives of Saints, ed. Skeat, W. W., i. 379–383Google Scholar.

^{page 39 note 4} Cf. Rashdall, H., The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages, i. 31Google Scholar, and American Historical Review, 1901, pp. 429–439.

^{page 39 note 5} The Blickling Homilies, ed. Morris, R., Part I. p. 118Google Scholar.

^{page 39 note 6} Ibid. pp. 106, 116.

^{page 39 note 7} Scriptores Rerum Anglicarum post Bedam, ed. Saville, H., pp. 473–483Google Scholar

^{page 40 note 1} Cf. the collection of letters in appendix to Memorials of St. Dunstan, ed. Stubbs, W., e.g. pp. 361, 399Google Scholar.

^{page 40 note 2} Dugdale, , Monasticon, vol. i. pp. xxvii–xlvGoogle Scholar. For the authorship of the ‘Concordia Regularis’ cf. Ælfric's Abridgment of St. Ethelwold's Concordia Regularis, ed. M. Bateson, an appendix to Compotus Rolls of the Obedientiaries of St. Swithun's, ed. Kitchin, G. W., p. 175Google Scholar.

^{page 40 note 3} Willelmi Malmesbiriensis De Gestis Pontificum, ed. Hamilton, N. E. S. A., p. 344Google Scholar.

^{page 40 note 4} Ælfric's, Lives of Saints, ed. Skeat, W. W., i. 371Google Scholar. Cf. The Blickling Homilies, ed. Morris, R., Part I. p. 60Google Scholar.

^{page 40 note 5} Memorials of St. Dunstan, ed. Stubbs, W, pp. 26, 27Google Scholar.

^{page 40 note 6} Cf. Lecky, W. H., History of the Rise of Rationalism, i. 37, 38, ed. 1887Google Scholar.

^{page 40 note 7} Wilkins, , Concilia, i. 206Google Scholar, ‘De Veneficiis’ at the Council of Greatanlea in 928, p. 287, ‘Ut sagæ, incantatores etc. exulent’ at Council of Eynsham in 1009, p. 306, in ‘Leges Ecclesiasticæ Canuti Regis.’

^{page 41 note 1} The Blickling Homilies, ed. Morris, R., Part I. p. 46Google Scholar, and Ælfric's, Lives of Saints, ed. Skeat, W. W., ii. 371Google Scholar.

^{page 41 note 2} The Blickling Homilies, ed. Morris, R., Part I. p. 126Google Scholar.

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^{page 41 note 4} Chronicon Abbatiæ Rameseiensis, ed. Macray, W. D., pp. 127, 128Google Scholar, and Chronicon Monasterii de Abingdon, ed. Stevenson, J., ii. 280Google Scholar.

^{page 41 note 5} Memorials of St. Dunstan, ed. Stubbs, W., p. 296Google Scholar.

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^{page 42 note 2} Böhmer, , Kirche und Staat in England and in der Normandie, p. 45Google Scholar. Cf. Wilkins, , Concilia, i. 225–239, 245, 250–255, 286–292, 295, 296, 299–305Google Scholar.

^{page 42 note 3} Ancient Laws and Institutes of England, ed. Thorpe, B., p. 147Google Scholar, Ælthelred, ix. 26.

^{page 42 note 4} Wilkins, , Concilia, i. 307, cap. xGoogle Scholar.

^{page 42 note 5} Ibid. p. 303, cap. xvii.

^{page 42 note 6} Cf. Ælfric's, Lives of the Saints, ed. Skeat, W. W., i. 4Google Scholar.

^{page 42 note 7} Dugdale, , Monasticon, vol. i. p. xxviiiGoogle Scholar. For several instances cf. Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, e.g. in 1043.

^{page 42 note 8} Stubbs, W., Constitutional History, i. 263Google Scholar.

^{page 42 note 9} William of Malmesbury, De Gestis Regum Anglorum, ed. Stubbs, W., ii. 304Google Scholar.

^{page 43 note 1} Liber Eliensis, ed. Stewart, D. J., p. 200Google Scholar.

^{page 43 note 2} E.g. Chronicon Abbatiæ Rameseiensis, ed. Macray, W. D., p. 170Google Scholar, Haddan, and Stubbs, , Councils, i. 690Google Scholar.

^{page 43 note 3} Lives of Edward the Confessor, ed. Luard, H. R., p. 414Google Scholar; Memorials of St. Edmund's Abbey, ed. Arnold, T., i. 56Google Scholar; Historians of the Church of York, ed. Raine, J., vol. i. p. liiGoogle Scholar.

^{page 43 note 4} Böhmer, H., Kirche und Staat in England und in der Normandie, pp. 3–42Google Scholar.

^{page 43 note 5} Wharton, , Anglia Sacra, ii. 244–249Google Scholar, ‘Willelmus Malmesbiriensis de Vita S. Wlstani Episcopi Wigornensis.’

^{page 43 note 6} Willelmi Malmesbiriensis De Gestis Pontificum, ed. Hamilton, N. E. S. A., p. 279Google Scholar.

^{page 44 note 1} For a very full list cf. Böhmer, H., Kirche und Staat in England und in der Normandie, pp. 107, 108, notesGoogle Scholar.

^{page 44 note 2} Gesta Abbatum Monasterii Sancti Albani, ed. Riley, H. T., i. 52Google Scholar.

^{page 44 note 3} Willelmi Malmesbiriensis De Gestis Pontificum, ed. Hamilton, N. E. S. A., p. 279Google Scholar.

^{page 44 note 4} Vitalis, Ordericus, Historia Ecclesiastica, ed. Prévost, Le, ii. 209Google Scholar.

^{page 44 note 5} Böhmer, H., Kirche und Staat in England und in der Normandie, p. 107Google Scholar.

^{page 44 note 6} Ibid. p. 113, n. 1.

^{page 44 note 7} Dugdale, , Monasticon, iii. 233Google Scholar.

^{page 44 note 8} Ibid. p. 1.

^{page 44 note 9} Gesta Abbatum Monasterii Sancti Albani, ed. Riley, H. T., i. 52Google Scholar.

^{page 44 note 10} D'Achery, , Spicilegium, iv. 4–226Google Scholar.

^{page 44 note 11} Wilkins, , Concilia, i. 328–361Google Scholar.

^{page 44 note 12} Joannes Glastoniensis, Chronica, ed. Hearne, T., p. 435Google Scholar.

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^{page 45 note 2} D'Achery, , Spicilegium, iv. 78–80Google Scholar.

^{page 45 note 3} Wilkins, , Concilia, i. 328–361Google Scholar.

^{page 45 note 4} Willelmi Malmesbiriensis De Gestis Pontificum, ed. Hamilton, N. E. S. A., p. 249Google Scholar.

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^{page 45 note 6} Gesta Abbatum Monasterii Sancti Albani, ed. Riley, H. T., i. 57Google Scholar.

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^{page 45 note 8} Ibid. p. 192.

^{page 45 note 9} Ibid. p. 184.

^{page 46 note 1} Gesta Abbatum Monasterii Sancti Albani, ed. Riley, H. T., p. 73Google Scholar.

^{page 46 note 2} Ibid. p. 194.

^{page 46 note 3} Ibid. p. 217.

^{page 46 note 4} Willelmi Malmesbiriensis De Gestis Pontificum, ed. Hamilton, N. E. S. A., p. 431Google Scholar.

^{page 46 note 5} Willelmi Malmesbiriensis De Gestis Regum, ed.Stubbs, W., vol. i. pp, xxxxiiGoogle Scholar.

^{page 46 note 6} Willelmi Malmesbiriensis De Gestis Pontificum, ed. Hamilton, N. E. S. A., p. 194Google Scholar. He left his whole library to the monks of Bath. Cf. Dugdale, , Monasticon, ii. 268Google Scholar.

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^{page 46 note 8} Chronicon Monasterii de Abingdon, ed. Stevenson, J., ii. 44, 289Google Scholar.

^{page 47 note 1} Historical Introductions to the Rolls Series, by Stubbs, W., p. 437Google Scholar; Rashdall, H., The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages, vol. ii. part ii. p. 476Google Scholar.

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^{page 47 note 5} Gesta Abbatum Monasterii Sancti Albani, ed. Riley, H. T., i. 196Google Scholar.

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^{page 48 note 2} Chronicon Monasterii de Abingdon, ed. Stevenson, J., ii. 374–8Google Scholar.

^{page 48 note 3} MS. Bodley, 435, cap. xv. sect. viii.

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^{page 48 note 5} Customs of Augustinian Canons, ed. Clark, J. W., p. 62Google Scholar, and Clark, J. W., The Care of Books, p. 71Google Scholar.

^{page 48 note 6} Statuta primaria Prcemonstratensis Ordinis, cap. vii. p. 803, ap. Paige, Le, Bibliotheca Pram. Ord. ed. 1633Google Scholar.

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^{page 49 note 3} Dugdale, , Monasticon, vol. vi. part ii. p. xxxvGoogle Scholar.

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^{page 49 note 5} Lanfranci Opera Omnia, ed. Giles, , i. 296Google Scholar; cf. L'Abbaye du Bee et ses Écoles, par M. L'Abbé Porrée.

^{page 49 note 6} Migne, , Patrologiæ Cursus Completus, clxxxix. 1051Google Scholar.

^{page 49 note 7} Pignot, J. H., Histoire de l'Ordre de Cluny, ii. 414Google Scholar.

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^{page 50 note 1} Cf. Rashdall, H., Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages, vol. ii. part ii. p. 600, note 2Google Scholar.

^{page 50 note 2} Gesta Abbatum Monasterii Sancti Albani, ed. Riley, H. T., i. 73Google Scholar.

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^{page 50 note 4} Ibid. p. 396.

^{page 50 note 5} Memorials of St. Edmund's Abbey, ed. Arnold, T., i. 77, 78, 145Google Scholar.

^{page 50 note 6} Ibid. p. 296.

^{page 50 note 7} Ibid. p. 249.

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^{page 50 note 9} Memorials of St. Edmund's Abbey, ed. Arnold, T., i. 248Google Scholar.

^{page 51 note 1} Memorials of St. Edmund's Abbey, p. 247.

^{page 51 note 2} Ibid. p. 241.

^{page 51 note 3} Ibid. p. 324.

^{page 51 note 4} Labbe, , Sacrorum Conciliorum Collectio, ed. Cossart, , xxii. 227Google Scholar. Cf. the Lateran Council of 1215, xxii. 999, cap. xi.

^{page 51 note 5} Cf. Chronica Rogeri de Hoveden, ed. Stubbs, W., ii. 179Google Scholar, and William of Newburgh, , Historia Rerum Anglicarum, ed. Howlett, R., i. 219Google Scholar.

^{page 51 note 6} Wilkins, , Concilia, i. 498, 555Google Scholar.

^{page 51 note 7} Rashdall, H., Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages, vol. ii. part ii. p. 601Google Scholar.

^{page 51 note 8} MS. Harl. 1005, f. IO2^v. Cf. Memorials of St. Edmund's Abbey, ed. Arnold, T., iii. 182Google Scholar.

^{page 51 note 9} The Foundation of Waltham Abbey, ed. Stubbs, W., pp. 15, 35Google Scholar.

^{page 51 note 10} Dugdale, , Monasticon, vi. part i. p.79Google Scholar.

^{page 51 note 11} Böhmer, H., Die Fälschungcn Erzbischof Lanfrancs von Canterbury, p. 174Google Scholar; Dugdale, , Monasticon, vi. part ii. p. 615Google Scholar.

^{page 51 note 12} Dugdale, , Monasticon, vi. part i. pp. 304, 305Google Scholar.

^{page 52 note 1} Dugdale, , Monasticon, vi. parti, p. 240Google Scholar.

^{page 52 note 2} Gesta Abbatum Monasterii Sancti Albani, ed. Riley, H. T., i. 196Google Scholar.

^{page 52 note 3} Materials for the History of Thomas Becket, ed.Robertson, J. C., iii. 14Google Scholar.

^{page 52 note 4} Hope, W. H. St. John, The Abbey of St. Mary in Furness, pp. 34, 35Google Scholar.

^{page 52 note 5} Dugdale, , Monasticon, vol. vi. parti, p. xliiiGoogle Scholar.

^{page 52 note 6} There was a master of the schools at Malton in 1245. Cf. MS. Laud, 642, f. 3 (Bodleian Library).

^{page 52 note 7} Materials for the History of Thomas Becket, ed. Robertson, J. C., vol. iii. p. 4Google Scholar. Cf. Round, J. H., The Commune of London, p. 117Google Scholar.

^{page 52 note 8} Rashdall, H., The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages, vol. ii. part ii. pp. 601, 476Google Scholar. Cf. Mullinger, Bass, The University of Cambridge from the Earliest Times to 1535, p. 70Google Scholar.

^{page 53 note 1} Chronicon Monasterii de Abingdon, ed. Stevenson, J., ii. 284Google Scholar. ‘Ad tantum [Abbas Ethelelmus] etiam devolutus est ut prohiberet ne aliqua memoria neque memoratio fieret de sancto Athelwoldo, neque de sancto Edwardo; dixit enim esse Anglicos msticos nee etiam debere ecclesias quas ibi fiindaverunt.’ Cf. Willelmi Malmesbiriensis De Gestis Pontificum, ed. Hamilton, N. E. S. A., p. 420Google Scholar; Eadmer, , Historia Novorum, ed. Rule, M., pp. 350–353Google Scholar.

^{page 53 note 2} Lanfranci Omnia Opera, ed. Giles, J. A., ii. 264Google Scholar.

^{page 53 note 3} E.g. the Miracles of St. Thomas of Canterbury, cf. Materials for the History of Thomas Becket, ed. Robertson, J. C., vols. i., ii., iii.Google Scholar; the Miracles of St. Gilbert of Sempringham, cf. MS. Cotton, Cleopatra, B. 1, ff. 140^v–168.

^{page 53 note 4} Annales Monastici, ed. Luard, H. R., ii. 74Google Scholar.

^{page 53 note 5} Memorials of St. Edmund's Abbey, ed. Arnold, T., i. p. 62Google Scholar.

^{page 53 note 6} Ibid. p. 72.

^{page 53 note 7} Ibid. pp. 223, 297.

^{page 54 note 1} Cf. p. 24, note 8.

^{page 54 note 2} Gesta Abbatum Monasterii Sancti Albani, ed. Riley, H. T., i. 194–196Google Scholar.

^{page 54 note 3} Rashdall, H., Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages, i. 77Google Scholar.

^{page 54 note 4} Regula S. Benedicti, cap. lvii.

^{page 54 note 5} Labbe, , Sacrorum Conciliorum Collectio, ed. Cossart, , xxi. 528, cap. ixGoogle Scholar.

^{page 54 note 6} Vol. xxii. p. 373, cap. ii.

^{page 54 note 7} Vol. xxii. p. 1010, cap. xxii.

^{page 54 note 8} Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II, and Richard I., ed. Howlett, R., i. 131–134Google Scholar.

^{page 54 note 9} Simeonis Monachi Opera Omnia, ed. Arnold, T., i. 3 (R.S.)Google Scholar; Wharton, , Anglia Sacra, ii. 123Google Scholar. Cf. Les Monuments primitifs de la Règie Cistercienne, ed. Guignard, Ph., p. 266Google Scholar; Dugdale, , Monasticon, vol. vi. part ii. p. liGoogle Scholar.

^{page 55 note 1} Descriptive Catalogue of Materials, ed. Hardy, T. D., ii. 82, 83 (R.S.)Google Scholar

^{page 55 note 2} Memorials of St. Edmund's Abbey, ed. Arnold, T., i. 26–92Google Scholar.

^{page 55 note 3} Historians of the Church of York, ed. Raine, J., vol. i. p. lii, pp. 240–260Google Scholar.

^{page 55 note 4} Memorials of St. Dunstan, ed. Stubbs, W., pp. 69–161Google Scholar.

^{page 55 note 5} Wharton, , Anglia Sacra, ii. 123–147Google Scholar.

^{page 55 note 6} Memorials of St. Dunstan, ed. Stubbs, W., 161–249Google Scholar.

^{page 55 note 7} Wharton, , Anglia Sacra, ii. 78–87Google Scholar.

^{page 55 note 8} Historians of the Church of York, ed. Raine, J., i. 161–226Google Scholar.

^{page 55 note 9} Ibid. ii. 1–59.

^{page 55 note 10} Ibid. ii. 42.

^{page 55 note 11} Cf. Gervasii Monachi Cantuariensis Opera Historica, ed. Stubbs, W., i. 86(R.S.)Google Scholar

^{page 55 note 12} The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, ed. Thorpe, B., ii. 235Google Scholar.

^{page 56 note 1} Cf. Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis, ed. Stubbs, W., vol. i. p. xiGoogle Scholar.

^{page 56 note 2} Gervasii Monachi Cantuariensis Opera Historica, ed. Stubbs, W., i. 87Google Scholar.

^{page 56 note 3} Florence of Worcester, Chronicon ex Chronicis, ed. B. Thorpe, English Historical Society.

^{page 56 note 4} Chronicon Abbatia Rameseiensis, ed. W. D. Macray.

^{page 56 note 5} Chronicon Monasterii de Abingdon, ed. J. Stevenson.

^{page 56 note 6} Liber Eliensis, ed. D. J. Stewart, Anglia Christiana Society.

^{page 56 note 7} Beati Lanfranci Archiepiscopi Cantuariensis Opera Omnia, ed. Giles, J. A., i. 281–313Google Scholar.

^{page 56 note 8} Eadmeri Opuscula duo de Vita S. Anselmi, ed. Rule, M., pp. 305–424Google Scholar.

^{page 56 note 9} Wharton, , Anglia Sacra, ii. 244–249Google Scholar.

^{page 56 note 10} Materials for the History of Thomas Becket, ed. Robertson, J. C., i., ii. 1–279. 299–323Google Scholar.

^{page 56 note 11} Memorials of St. Edmund's Abbey, ed. Arnold, T., i. 209–336Google Scholar.

^{page 57 note 1} MS. Cotton, Cleopatra, B I, ff. 33–168.

^{page 57 note 2} Eadmeri Hisloria Novorum in Anglia, ed. Rule, M., p. 1 (R.S.)Google Scholar

^{page 57 note 3} Willelmi Malmesbiriensis De Gestis Ponlificum Anglorum, ed. Hamilton, N. E. S. A., p. 4Google Scholar.

^{page 57 note 4} William of Malmesbury, , De Gestis Regum Anglorum, ed. Stubbs, W., ii. 467Google Scholar.

^{page 57 note 5} Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II, and Richard I., ed. Howlett, R., i. 3Google Scholar.

^{page 57 note 6} Willelmi Malmesbiriensis De Gestis Pontificum Anglorum, ed. Hamilton, N. E. S. A., p. 76Google Scholar.

^{page 58 note 1} Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II., and Richard I., ed. Hewlett, R., i. 11, 18Google Scholar.

^{page 58 note 2} Ibid. pp. 11–18.

^{page 58 note 3} Memorials of St. Dunstan, ed. Slubbs, W., p. 289Google Scholar.

^{page 58 note 4} Ibid. pp. 251–253.

^{page 58 note 5} Willelmi Malmesbiriensis De Gestis Pontificum Anglorum, ed. Hamilton, N. E. S. A., pp. 330, 331Google Scholar.

^{page 58 note 6} Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II., and Richard I., ed. Howlett, R., i. 80, 81Google Scholar.

^{page 58 note 7} Ibid. pp. 84, 308.

^{page 59 note 1} Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II., and Richard I., ed. Hewlett, R., i. 11Google Scholar.

^{page 59 note 2} Ibid. p. 12.

^{page 59 note 3} Memorials of St. Dunstan, ed. Stubbs, W., p. 250Google Scholar.

^{page 59 note 4} Ibid. p. 288.

^{page 59 note 5} Memorials of St. Edmund's Abbey, ed. Arnold, T., i. 107Google Scholar.

^{page 59 note 6} Liber Eliensis, ed. Stewart, D. J., p. 94Google Scholar.

^{page 59 note 7} Memorials of St. Edmund's Abbey, ed. Arnold, T., i. 26–92Google Scholar.

^{page 59 note 8} Historians of the Church of York, ed. Raine, J., ii. 60–97Google Scholar.

^{page 60 note 1} Eadmeri Historia Novorum in Anglia, ed. Rule, M., p. 52Google Scholar.

^{page 60 note 2} Ibid.

^{page 60 note 3} Florence of Worcester, Chronicon ex Chronicis, ed. Thorpe, B., ii. 29, 99Google Scholar.

^{page 60 note 4} Willelmi Malmesbiriensis De Gestis Regum, ed. Stubbs, W., ii. 498Google Scholar, and De Gestis Pontificum Anglorum, ed. Hamilton, N. E. S. A., p. 85Google Scholar.

^{page 60 note 5} Eadmeri Historia Novorum in Anglia, ed. Rule, M., p. 57Google Scholar.

^{page 60 note 6} Ibid. p. 63.

^{page 60 note 7} Ibid. pp. 58–63.

^{page 60 note 8} ‘Epistolarum Sancti Anselmi’ lib. iii. No. C; Migne, , Patrologiæ Cursus Completes, clix. 138Google Scholar.

^{page 60 note 9} Historians of the Church of York, ed. Raine, J., ii. 110Google Scholar: ‘Sed si fas est dici, adhuc habet ecclesia decimantes mentam et anethum, et colantes culicem et deglutientes camelum, de manuali investituta tumultuantes, de electionis et consecrationis libertate nihil mutientes.’

^{page 61 note 1} Historians of the Church of York, ed. Raine, J., ii. 98–220Google Scholar.

^{page 61 note 2} Printed for the first time as an appendix to Kirche undStoat in England and in der Normandie im XI. und XII. Jahrhundert, by Böhmer, H., pp. 436–497Google Scholar.

^{page 61 note 3} Historians of the Church of York, ed. Raine, J., ii. 228–258Google Scholar.

^{page 61 note 4} Böhmer, H., Kirche und Staat, p.480Google Scholar: ‘Hoc itaque decretum inter eos ordinavit beatus Gregorius et hoc reverenter exsecutus est beatus Augustinus, nec legitur quod alter ab altero consecratus sit vel professionem fecerit. Hoc, inquam, decretum nulli unquam mutare vel destruere jure licuit, nec etiam apostolicæ sedi. Sicut dicit papa Zozimus scribens Narbonensibus: “Contra statuta patrum aliquid concedere vel mutare, nee huius sanctæ sedis potest auctoritas.” Apud nos enim inconvulsis radicibus vivit antiquitas, cui sancti patres sanxere reverentiam.’ Cf. Historians of the Church of York, ed. Raine, J., ii. 248Google Scholar: ‘Solent enim Romani pontifices de observandis indeclinabiliter decretis antecessorum suorum ante consecrationem suam profiteri, et mihi quisquam audeat imponere quatinus ecclesise meæ privilegia debeam evacuare? Quod si forte alicuius occasionis tantum nefas presumam attingere, certum est quod spiritalis reus adulterii quia primam fidem irritam feci. Hinc profecto beatus Gregorius scribit ita: “Grave nimis,” inquit, “et contra sacerdotale constat esse propositum velle cuiusquam ecclesiæ privilegia olim indulta confundere.” Quod autem nee ipsi summo pontifici liceat sanctorum patrum traditionibus contraire Zosimus papa sic testatur: “Contra statuta,” inquit, “patrum aliquid concedere vel mutare, nee huius quidem sedis potest auctoritas.”’

^{page 61 note 5} Böhmer, H., Kirche und Staat, pp. 437–452Google Scholar, e.g. p. 445. ‘Non tamen Romanos pontifices dampnare volumus, set Christum et apostolos suos ipsis præferimus, et ordinis unitatem dividere et dignitatem episcopalem in aliquo minuere nolumus. … Verbi gratia: ut est ilia sententia Gelasii papæ, quae dicit: “Illud etiam adnecti placuit, ut facultates ecclesiæ et dioceses, quæ ab aliquibus possidentur episcopis, jure sibi vendicent, quod tricennalis lex conclusit, quia et ultra triginta annos nulli liceat pro eo appellare, quod legum tempus excludit.“’ Cf. Historians of the Church of York, ed. Raine, J., ii. 249Google Scholar: ‘Et quidem in sæcularibus judiciis solent minores potestates cum suis inferioribus quæcunque inter se discrepare videntur, in sua curia tractare nee ante majoris potestatis curiæ præsentari, quam justitiæ veritatem in sua deprehendantur violasse, nec judicatur ibi debere quemquam subire judicium donee investiatur, unde sine judicio passus est spoliari. Qua in re nec sacri canones dissentire videntur, qui etiam ad veritatis diffinitionem triginta vel quadraginta annorum investituram in rebus ecclesiasticis satis esse testantur.’

^{page 62 note 1} Böhmer, H., Kirche und Staat, p. 436Google Scholar: ‘Secundum summi pontificis personam super omnes homines est, secundum hominis personam inter homines, secundum peccatoris personam infra homines.’ Cf. Historians of the Church of York, ed. Raine, J., ii. 250Google Scholar: ‘Quocirca viderit sanctæ sedis Apostolicæ summa justitia, si spoliari debet per surreptionem unius hominis quod potuit haberi per spatium tanti temporis.’

^{page 62 note 2} Böhmer, H., Kirche und Staat, p.246Google Scholar; Historians of the Church of York, ii. 251.

^{page 62 note 3} Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II., and Richard I., ed. Howlett, R., i. 56Google Scholar.

^{page 63 note 1} Materials for the History of Thomas Becket, ed.Robertson, J. C., iii. 323–325, iv. 44–55Google Scholar.

^{page 63 note 2} Dugdale, , Monasticon, vol. vi. part ii. p. xviiGoogle Scholar.

^{page 63 note 3} E.g. the following sought papal protection:—St.Augustine's, Canterbury, in 1139, Jaffé, , Regesta Pontificum Romanorum, ed. 1885, No. 8004Google Scholar; Malmesbury, in 1151, ibid. No. 9466; Sherborne, in 1146, ibid. No. 8855; Rochester, in 1146, ibid. No. 8870; Westminster, in 1146, ibid. No. 8878; Peterborough, in 1146, ibid. No. 8965; Abingdon, in 1152, ibid. No. 9567. Malmesbury and Peterborough also obtained privileges of election and exemption from episcopal jurisdiction. Cf. Jaffé, No. 9466, Registrum Malmesbiriense, ed. Brewer, J. S., i. 346, 348Google Scholar.

^{page 63 note 4} Chronicon Abbatiæ Rameseiensis, ed. Macray, W. D., pp. 99, 176Google Scholar.

^{page 63 note 5} Chronicles and Memorials of the Reign of Richard I., vol. ii. p. xliiiGoogle Scholar.

^{page 64 note 1} Wilkins, , Concilia, i. 434Google Scholar.

^{page 64 note 2} Dugdale, , Monasticon, vol. vi. part ii. p. xxvGoogle Scholar.

^{page 64 note 3} Labbe, , Sacrorum Conciliorum Collectio, ed. Cossart, , p. 231Google Scholar.

^{page 64 note 4} ‘De Fide Ecclesiæ contra Judeos,’ addressed to Anselm by Gilbert Crispin; Migne, , Patrologiæ Cursus Completus, clix. 1063Google Scholar.

^{page 64 note 5} Martyred in 1144; cf. The Jews of Angevin England, ed. Jacobs, J., p. 19Google Scholar.

^{page 64 note 6} Martyred in 1168; cf. ibid. p. 45.

^{page 64 note 7} Martyred in 1181; cf. ibid. p. 75.

^{page 64 note 8} ‘Arma contra Judeos,’ ‘Magister Andrea contra Judeos,’ ‘[Liber] qui vocatur Bartholomeus contra Judeos;’ cf. W. B. Rye, A Memorial of the Priory of St. Andrew at Rochester.

^{page 64 note 9} ‘Petrus Aleunei contra Judeos;’ cf. Supplement to Coates, History of Reading, ed. 1802.

^{page 64 note 10} Jewish Quarterly, July 1898.

^{page 64 note 11} Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II., and Richard I., ed. Howlett, R., i. 298Google Scholar.

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