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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 February 2009
There are three sources, distinct in character, which supply materials whereby historians may be able to study the military characteristics of the period under discussion. The authentic Government records, existing either in printed form, as Palgrave's ‘Writs,’ Rymer's ‘Foedera,’ ‘Statutes of the Realm,’ and the like, or among the vast mass of original documents still lying unpublished in the Public Record Office, show the conditions of military service under the King. Numerous chronicles, as those of Geoffrey le Baker, ‘Annales Londonienses’ and others, the works of partisan clerks or monks, which form the second source, give a prejudiced and often an exaggerated account of the movements of Lancaster, Mortimer and the King, marked by an inaccuracy which was doubtless due to the writers' dependence upon second-hand information. The third source is that which has recently been made more accessible, though not to the extent which may be desired, by the publication of various local records in the Reports of the Historical Manuscripts Commissioners and of such useful works as the ‘Calendars of the City of London Letter Books’ and Miss M. Bateson's ‘Calendar of the Records of the Borough of Leicester.’ This new source of historical facts has an advantage over the other two in that it deals with events chronicled at the very time of their occurrence, and also places on record, without comment, mere statements of facts, including also the personal evidence of the chief actors in, and originators of, the incidents under consideration. The great historical value of this third source calls attention to the need for further publications of borough records such as the Memoranda Rolls of the City of London, a calendar of which Dr. Reginald Sharpe has now commenced. It is from these Memoranda Rolls, which contain letters from the King and from Henry of Lancaster, that the present paper attempts to throw new light upon the history of Mortimer's ascendency during the years 1327 to 1330.
page 152 note 1 P.R.O. Mem. Roll, 24Google Scholar Ed. III. m. 16Google Scholar; Exchq. Accts. 18/7.Google Scholar
page 153 note 1 City Mem. Roll A I, m. 7, n. 9.Google Scholar
page 154 note 1 City Mem. Roll A I, m. ix.Google Scholar
page 154 note 2 P.R.O. Assize Roll, 2–3Google Scholar Edw. III, No. 551, m. 2.Google Scholar
page 154 note 3 Story of a Condottiere, by Temple-Leader, and Marcotti, Giuseppe, trans. by Leader Scott, p. 9.Google Scholar
page 154 note 4 Parl. Writs, vol. ii.Google Scholar
page 155 note 1 City Mem. Roll A I, m. ixGoogle Scholar; Cal. Letter Book F, p. 206Google Scholar; P.R.O. Mem. Roll, 24Google Scholar Edw. III, m. 16.Google Scholar
page 155 note 2 City Mem. Roll A III, m. 20.Google Scholar
page 155 note 3 P.R.O. Scutage Roll, 2Google Scholar Edw. III.
page 156 note 1 P.R.O. Excheq. K. R. 18/7Google Scholar. See also Mem. Roll 24Google Scholar Edw. III, m. 16.Google Scholar
page 157 note 1 City Mem. Roll A I, m. 2.
page 158 note 1 ‘Et tempore istius Archiepiscopi (Walter Reginald) fuit tempus Ryfflariorum London in dicta civitate et extra circumquaque …’ Birchington's Vitæ Archiep' Cant'. (Anglia Sacra). From this reference it would appear that the name was especially applied to a certain definite outbreak of ruffianism in London and elsewhere in the earlier half of the fourteenth century.
page 158 note 2 City Mem. Roll A I, m. 16, n. 19Google Scholar. ‘… homines suspensi ad furcas domini Regis, videlicet apud le Elmes, prope Tybourne.’ One of these men was a John le Hosyere.
page 159 note 1 City Mem. Roll A I, m. vi (8) dors.Google Scholar
page 159 note 2 City Mem. Roll A I, m. xxiiiGoogle Scholar (27) dors. Cotun denied the accusation ‘jurando super corpus Christi.’
page 160 note 1 A writ was issued, dated New Sarum, 10 20, 1328Google Scholar, commanding the institution of inquiries. City Mem. Roll A I, m. 29Google Scholar. Also P.R.O. Assize Roll 551Google Scholar, m. 2, 2–3 Edw. III.
page 160 note 2 City Mem. Roll A I, m. xxiv (28) dors. See Appendix B.Google Scholar
page 161 note 1 City Mem. Roll, A I, m. xxiii (27) dors.Google Scholar
page 161 note 2 Ibid. xxxi.
page 164 note 1 Misc. of the Exchequer, 4/27, 4/28.
page 164 note 2 Political History of England, by Tout, T. F., vol. iii, chap, xiv, p. 299.Google Scholar
page 164 note 3 The Seven Edwards, by Patmore, K. A., p. 92.Google Scholar
page 164 note 4 Exchq. Accts., 15/2Google Scholar. Men-at-arms with Henry, of Lancaster, , 09 8, 10Google Scholar Edw. III, and remaining at Stirling with the said Earl, , 09 8–11 12, 10 Edw. III.Google Scholar
page 165 note 1 Since this paper was read Mr. Jas. Young has pointed out to me an entry in De Banco Roll, 161Google Scholar, Mich., 34Google Scholar Edw. I, m. 391dGoogle Scholar, which clearly shows that John Chaucer, who joined the troops of Henry of Lancaster, was the son of Mary, the wife of Robert Chaucer, by her first husband, John Heyron. John Chaucer, brother of Thomas Heyron, was therefore born before the year 1310.
page 165 note 2 Coram Rege Roll, Hilary, , 19 Edw. II, No. 263, m. 13.Google Scholar