Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 February 2017
1 Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, Bonn (Germany), 23 June 1979, in force 1 Nov. 1983, available at: http://www.cms.int; Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), Washington, DC (United States (US)), 3 Mar. 1973, in force 1 July 1975, available at: https://www.cites.org.
2 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), 5 June 1992, in force 29 Dec. 1993, available at: http://www.cbd.int ; Convention on the Law of Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses, New York, NY (US), 21 May 1997, in force 17 Aug. 2014, available at: http://www.unwatercoursesconvention.org. For a detailed analysis of the range of instruments and sectors in which management at the level of ecosystems and the ecosystem approach has been considered see de Lucia, V., ‘Competing Narratives and Complex Genealogies: The Ecosystem Approach and Environmental Law’ (2015) 27(1) Journal of Environmental Law, pp. 91–117 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
3 Waltner-Toews, D. & Kay, J., ‘The Evolution of an Ecosystem Approach: The Diamond Schematic and an Adaptive Methodology for Ecosystem Sustainability and Health’ (2005) 10(1) Ecology and Society CrossRefGoogle Scholar, Art. 38 (online), available at: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol10/iss1/art38.
4 CBD COP-5, Decision V/6 ‘Ecosystem Approach’, UN Doc. No. UNEP/CBD/COP/5/23, 22 June 2000, Annex III.
5 De Lucia, n. 2 above, p. 94.
6 Lowe, V., ‘Sustainable Development and Unsustainable Arguments’, in A. Boyle & D. Freestone (eds), International Law and Sustainable Development: Past Achievements and Future Challenges (Oxford University Press, 1999), pp. 24–38 Google Scholar.
7 See, e.g., Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat, Ramsar (Iran), 2 Feb. 1971, in force 21 Dec. 1975, available at: http://www.ramsar.org; European Union (EU) Directive 2000/60/EC Establishing a Framework for Community Action in the Field of Water Policy [2000] OJ L 327.
8 CBD COP-7, Decision VII/11 ‘Ecosystem Approach’, UN Doc. No. UNEP/CBD/COP/7/21, 13 Apr. 2004, Annex.
9 EU Directive 2014/89/EU Establishing a Framework for Maritime Spatial Planning [2014] OJ L 257/135.
10 CBD COP-2, Decision II/10 ‘Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine and Coastal Biological Diversity’, UN Doc. UNEP/CBD/COP/2/19, 30 Nov. 1995.
11 See, e.g., McIntyre, O., ‘The Emergence of an “Ecosystem Approach” to the Protection of International Watercourses under International Law’ (2004) 13(1) Review of European, Community and International Environmental Law, pp. 1–14 CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Lee, J., ‘The Preservation of Freshwater Ecosystems of International Watercourses and the Integration of Rules: An Interpretative Mechanism’ (2013) 38(2) Water International, pp. 156–165 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
12 Craig, R.K., ‘Learning to Think about Complex Environmental Systems in Environmental and Natural Resources Law and Legal Scholarship: A Twenty-Year Retrospective’ (2012–13) 24 Fordham Environmental Law Review, pp. 87–102 Google Scholar.
13 Elliott, E.D., ‘Environmental Law at a Crossroad’ (1992) 20(1) Northern Kentucky Law Review, pp. 1–22 Google Scholar; Craig, ibid.; Ruhl, J.B., ‘Law’s Complexity: A Primer’ (2008) 24(4) Georgia State University Law Review, pp. 885–911 Google Scholar.