Fetal Death Registration in Multiple Births: Anomalies and Clinical Significance

Abstract

Trends in the civil registration of fetal death in multiple gestations that has occurred before, but expelled from the womb after, 24 weeks' gestation are examined using England and Wales 1993–2004 registration obtained from the Office for National Statistics. Count was made of fetal death registrations in which fetus papyraceous, fetal death before 24 weeks' gestation or fetocide before 24 weeks' gestation was recorded. There were 3700 fetal death registrations among 217,595 twin, triplet and higher order multiple births in England and Wales between 1993 and 2004. In 354 (9.6%) of these fetal deaths, death was recorded as having occurred before 24 weeks' gestation. There has been a threefold increase in such fetal death registrations. It is a legal requirement of parents to register a fetal death. The definition of a fetal death that meets formal registration criteria is that the fetus is expelled from the womb after 24 weeks' gestation. However, if the fetal death occurs before 24 weeks, there is confusion, nationally and internationally, whether or not registration is legally required. Fetal death in a multiple gestation has serious clinical implications for a surviving co-conceptus and failure to inform parents of an early death in a multiple gestation may have important repercussions. Legal definition for the registration of fetal death requires international agreement and application.