Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 February 2009
This essay explores the concept of collective memory as a component of political culture in pre- and especially post-Reformation provincial towns. Pre-Reformation political culture depended heavily on a collective memory shaped by traditional religious experience and institutions. When so many of these were destroyed by the Reformation, it became necessary for the ruling elites of provincial towns to create alternative cultural forms, and thus to refashion a usefully legitimizing political culture. Three forms of this refashioned and legitimizing collective memory – civic regalia, civic portraiture and historical writing – are examined as they applied to the provincial urban milieu in the years c. 1540–1640.
1 It is first explored in the works of Maurice Halbwachs (1877–1945); especially Les cadres sociaux de la mémoire (Paris, 1952; 1st pub. 1925)Google Scholar, and La mémoires collective (Paris, 1950)Google Scholar trans, as On Collective Memory (ed. Douglas, M., 1950)Google Scholar; The Collective Memory, ed. and trans. Ditter, F.J. and Ditter, V.Y. (New York, 1980)Google Scholar and most recently by Coser, L.A. (Chicago, 1992).Google Scholar
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20 Deposition of Walter Hamon, Serjeant to the Mayor, in the case of Countess and Earl of Pembroke v. Inhabitants of Shaftesbury, PRO, E.134/18, James I, East. I.
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31 Robert Jannys, John Marsham, and Augustine Steward, all mayors and leading citizens of Norwich, died in 1530, 1532 and 1570 respectively. Yet all were painted (perhaps from earlier drawings) in the early seventeenth century. Bury St Edmunds did not acquire a portrait of its late fifteenth-century benefactor Jankyn Smith until 1616. Nicholas Thorne, Mayor of Bristol in 1545, was first painted in 1624. The double portrait of John and Joan Cooke, Mayor and Mayoress of Gloucester of c. 1600, came as much as sixty years after their deaths.
32 See, the portrait of Giles Tooker of Salisbury, clutching the charter he did so much to obtain for the borough, reprinted in Haskins, C., Salisbury Corporation Pictures and Plate, 2 (Salisbury, 1910; 1st pub. 1888), 9–12.Google Scholar
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37 The neglect of unpublished town histories of this and subsequent periods is common amongst nearly all who have written of the genre. Notable exceptions include Barry, ‘Provincial town culture’ for the subsequent period, and Daniel Woolf, whose work in progress, The Origins of English Historical Thought, promises to be the definitive treatment.
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