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Spaces and spatialities in Paris between the ninth and nineteenth centuries: urban morphology generated by the management of otherness

Part of: Thinking Spatially: New Horizons for Urban History

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 April 2020

Hélène Noizet Open the ORCID record for Hélène Noizet [Opens in a new window]
Hélène Noizet*
Affiliation:
Université de Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, France
*
*Corresponding author: Email: helene.noizet@univ-paris1.fr
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Abstract

Based on the different type of ecclesiastical institutions, an analysis of the plots owned and developed by the different orders reveals that some spatial characteristics endure in the modern city. The degree of fragmentation and the nature of subsequent urban development is shown to be a function of the type of church established in the medieval period. The examples are based on detailed plot analysis in Paris.

Type
Research Article
Information
Urban History , Volume 47 , Special Issue 3: Thinking spatially: new horizons for urban history , August 2020 , pp. 401 - 420
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

Higher resolution, colour versions of the figures in this article can be viewed online as supplementary material. Follow the URL at the end of this article.

References

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6 Noizet, H., ‘Fabrique urbaine: a new concept in urban history and morphology’, Urban Morphology, 13 (2009), 55–66Google Scholar.

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8 Noizet, H., Bove, B. and Costa, L. (eds.), Paris de parcelles en pixels. Analyse géomatique de l'espace parisien médiéval et moderne (Paris, 2013)Google Scholar.

9 In France, the Merovingian period lasted from 481 to 751, and the Carolingian period lasted from 751 to 987.

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11 The monastic pole of St-Vaast is more substantial and more fragmented than the episcopal pole because the St-Vaast monastery is clearly older: its ruler was the only important ecclesiastical lord from the Merovingian period until the end of the eleventh century, since the bishop was not present in Arras until 1094.

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13 This funeral basilica, which archaeological evidence shows existed in the Merovingian period and which continued to do so at least until 866 (although we do not know its precise status) was later destroyed during Viking raids. It was refounded in 1060 under the auspices of King Henry I, as a collegiate institution of regular canons, before being swiftly transferred to the order of Cluny in 1079, under whose control it remained until the French Revolution. Mercier, A., La deuxième fille de Cluny. Grandeurs et misères de Saint-Martin-des-Champs (Paris, 2012), 12–20Google Scholar.

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15 It is, however, possible for specific districts, by means of a retrospective analysis of contemporary maps compared with land documentation from the late Middle Ages. Thus, the fine work of reconstructing the plots in medieval times for the neighbourhood of Les Halles in Paris is based on the census of the lordship of the bishop of Paris who listed the owners of plots within the bishop's domain: Boudon, F., Chastel, A., Couzy, H. and Hamon, F., Système de l'architecture urbaine. Le quartier des Halles à Paris, 2 vols. (Paris, 1977)Google Scholar. Nevertheless, such a reconstruction is not possible on a city-wide scale because these censuses were never available for the agglomeration's entire area.

16 Noizet, La fabrique de la ville.

17 J. Oberste, ‘Les Clunisiens et l'espace urbain en France. Les bourgs de Montierneuf à Poitiers et de St-Martin-des-Champs à Paris (XIe–XIVe siècles)’, Mélanges de l’École française de Rome – Moyen Âge [online], 124–1 (2012), http://mefrm.revues.org/344; DOI: 10.4000/mefrm.344, accessed 8 Aug. 2017.

18 G. Chouquer, ‘Le lotissement de la censive de St-Martin-des-Champs’, 2014, www.formesdufoncier.org/pdfs/FicheStMartinCensive.pdf, accessed 8 Aug. 2017.

19 The present-day street St-Martin, formerly a Roman north–south street, has been one of the main central axes on the north (right) bank of the River Seine since the Middle Ages. Bove, B., ‘Les périphéries de Paris au XIVe siècle: essai d'application de la théorie géographique aux sources médiévales’, in do Carmo Ribeiro, M. and Melo, A. Sousa (eds.), Evolução da paisagem urbana: cidade e periferia (Braga, 2014), 139–73Google Scholar; L. Hermenault, ‘La ville en mouvements. Circulations, échanges commerciaux et matérialité de la ville: pour une articulation systémique des facteurs d'évolution du tissu urbain parisien entre le XVe et le XIXe siècle’, University of Paris-1 Panthéon-Sorbonne Ph.D. thesis, 2017.

20 Prou, M., Recueil des actes de Philippe Ier, roi de France (1059–1108) (Paris, 1908), no. 53Google Scholar: ‘Preterea deprecatus est ut via que est ante monasterium Sancti Martini pro honore ejusdem ecclesie publice teneatur, et illa alia que sub monasterio est ad usum pauperum in agriculturam inmutetur.’

21 Godelier, M., The Mental and the Material: Thought Economy and Society, trans. Thom, Martin (Thetford, 1986)Google Scholar.

22 ‘Bernardines’ refers to the monks from the Cistercian abbey of Clairvaux, founded by St-Bernard; hence the name ‘Bernardines’.

23 Noizet, ‘Germain, Victor, Martin et les autres’.

24 ‘Heteronomous’ here means the opposite of ‘autonomous’: on the results-focused approach that contrasts spaces according to their degree of fluidity and spatialities according to their degree of intermediation. See Poncet, P., L'intelligence spatiale (Rennes, 2017)Google Scholar.

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