Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T11:28:49.242Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Changes in induced hues at low luminance and following dark adaptation suggest rod-cone interactions may differ for luminance increments and decrements

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 July 2008

A.J. SHEPHERD  and
G. WYATT
A.J. SHEPHERD*
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, Birkbeck College, University of London, United Kingdom
G. WYATT
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, Birkbeck College, University of London, United Kingdom
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: A. J. Shepherd, School of Psychology, Birkbeck College, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK. E-mail: a.shepherd@bbk.ac.uk
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Color contrast describes the influence of one color on the perception of colors in neighboring areas. This study addressed two issues: (1) the accurate representation of the color changes; (ii) the underlying visual mechanisms. Observers matched the hue that was induced in a neutral square when it was set in one of four standard colored surrounds: “red” (+L(−M) relative to neutral), “green” (−L(+M)), “purple” (+S), and “yellow” (−S). The standard and matching displays were viewed haploscopically. The standard neutral square was either a luminance increment, or decrement, both of which appeared the complementary color to the surrounds in which they were inset. In Experiment 1, the surround luminance in each eye's display was either equal, at 18 cd·m−2, or the match surround luminance was reduced to 2.5 cd·m−2. The matches with equal surround luminances could be represented as vector shifts in a logarithmic MacLeod–Boynton (r, b) chromaticity diagram, as described previously (Shepherd, 1997, 1999). The low luminance matches were, however, displaced further from neutral, as if larger chromatic differences were needed. The precise direction of the displacements differed for luminance increments and decrements: the red, green and yellow decrement matches were also displaced vertically downwards in the MacLeod-Boynton diagram. In Experiment 2, dark-adapting before setting repeat color matches displaced the decrement matches vertically, but did not affect the increment matches. Thus, rod intrusion in S-cone pathways may have boosted the S-cone signal for the lowest luminance decrement matches in Experiment 1 and account for the vertical shift in MacLeod-Boynton co-ordinates. The distinct pattern of displacements for low luminance increments and decrements may be explained if the match is set at a cone-opponent, rather than a cone contrast, site and if rod signals have an input only to S-cone decrement, perhaps S-OFF, pathways.

Keywords

Color contrastChromatic inductionRod-cone interactionsIncrementDecrement
Type
Research Article
Information
Visual Neuroscience , Volume 25 , Issue 3 , May 2008 , pp. 387 - 394
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Arend, L. & Reeves, A. (1986). Simultaneous color constancy. Journal of the Optical Society of America A-Optics Image Science and Vision 3, 1743–1751.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bergstrom, S.S., Derefeldt, G. & Holmgren, S. (1978). Chromatic induction as a function of luminance relations. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 19, 265–276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buck, S.L. (1997). Influence of rod signals on hue perception: Evidence from successive scotopic contrast. Vision Research 37, 1295–1301.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buck, S.L., Knight, R.F. & Bechtold, J. (2000). Opponent-color models and the influence of rod signals on the loci of unique hues. Vision Research 40, 3333–3344.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cao, D.C., Pokorny, J. & Smith, V.C. (2005). Matching rod percepts with cone stimuli. Vision Research 45, 2119–2128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chichilnisky, E.J. & Wandell, B.A. (1995). Photoreceptor sensitivity changes explain color appearance shifts induced by large uniform backgrounds in dichoptic matching. Vision Research 35, 239–254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cicerone, C.M., Volbrecht, V.J., Donnelly, S.K. & Werner, J.S. (1986). Perception of blackness. Journal of the Optical Society of America A-Optics Image Science and Vision 3, 432–436.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hering, E. (1890). Outlines of a Theory of the Light Sense. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.Google Scholar
Hunt, R.W. (1952). Light and dark adaptation and the perception of color. Journal of the Optical Society of America A-Optics Image Science and Vision 42, 190–199.Google ScholarPubMed
Ingling, C.R. Jr. (1977). The spectral sensitivity of the opponent-color channels. Vision Research 17, 1083–1089.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ingling, C.R., Russell, P.W., Rea, M.S. & Tsou, B.H.P. (1978). Red-green opponent spectral sensitivity-disparity between cancellation and direct matching methods. Science 201, 1221–1223.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jameson, D. & Hurvich, L.M. (1959). Perceived color and its dependence on focal, surrounding, and preceding stimulus variables. Journal of the Optical Society of America A-Optics Image Science and Vision 49, 890–898.Google ScholarPubMed
Jameson, D. & Hurvich, L.M. (1961). Opponent chromatic induction: Experimental evaluation and theoretical treatment. Journal of the Optical Society of America A-Optics Image Science and Vision 51, 46–53.Google Scholar
Kinney, J.A.S. (1962). Factors affecting induced color. Vision Research 2, 503–525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klug, K., Herr, S., Ngo, I.T., Sterling, P. & Schein, S. (2003). Macaque retina contains an S-cone OFF midget pathway. Journal of Neuroscience 23, 9881–9887.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knight, R., Buck, S.L., Fowler, G.A. & Nguyen, A. (1998). Rods affect S-cone discrimination on the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test. Vision Research 38, 3477–3481.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knight, R., Buck, S.L. & Pereverzeva, M. (2001). Stimulus size affects rod influence on tritan chromatic discrimination. Color Research and Application 26, S65–S68.3.0.CO;2-D>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krauskopf, J., Zaidi, Q. & Mandler, M.B. (1986). Mechanisms of simultaneous color induction. Journal of the Optical Society of America A-Optics Image Science and Vision 3, 1752–1757.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McLellan, J.S. & Eskew, R.T. (2000). ON and OFF S-cone pathways have different long-wave cone inputs. Vision Research 40, 2449–2465.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Monnier, P. & Shevell, S.K. (2003). Large shifts in color appearance from patterned chromatic backgrounds. Nature Neuroscience 6, 801–802.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Monnier, P. & Shevell, S.K. (2004). Chromatic induction from S-cone patterns. Vision Research 44, 849–856.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nerger, J.L., Volbrecht, V.J., Ayde, C.J. & Imhoff, S.M. (1998). Effect of the S-cone mosaic and rods on red/green equilibria. Journal of the Optical Society of America a-Optics Image Science and Vision 15, 2816–2826.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schiller, P.H. (1992). The ON and OFF channels of the visual system. Trends in Neuroscience 15, 86–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shepherd, A.J. (1997). A vector model of color contrast in a cone-excitation color space. Perception 26, 455–470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shepherd, A.J. (1999). Remodelling color contrast: implications for visual processing and color representation. Vision Research 39, 1329–1345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shevell, S.K. (1992). Redness from short-wavelength-sensitive cones does not induce greenness. Vision Research 32, 1551–1556.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shinomori, K., Spillmann, L. & Werner, J.S. (1999). S-cone signals to temporal OFF-channels: Asymmetrical connections to postreceptoral chromatic mechanisms. Vision Research 39, 39–49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stabell, U. & Stabell, B. (1978). Scotopic hues of simultaneous contrast. Vision Research 18, 1491–1496.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stabell, U. & Stabell, B. (1994). Mechanisms of chromatic rod vision in scotopic illumination. Vision Research 34, 1019–1027.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trezona, P.W. (1970). Rod participation in the ‘blue’ mechanism and its effect on color matching. Vision Research 10, 317–332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trezona, P.W. (1974). Additivity in the tetrachromatic color matching system. Vision Research 14, 1291–1303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Troost, J.M. & de Weert, C.M. (1991). Naming versus matching in color constancy. Percept Psychophysics 50, 591–602.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Troost, J.M., Wei, L. & de Weert, C.M. (1992). Binocular measurements of chromatic adaptation. Vision Research 32, 1987–1997.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vassilev, A., Mihaylova, M.S., Racheva, K., Zlatkova, M. & Anderson, R.S. (2003). Spatial summation of S-cone ON and OFF signals: effects of retinal eccentricity. Vision Research 43, 2875–2884.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walkey, H.C., Barbur, J.L., Harlow, J.A., Hurden, A., Moorhead, I.R. & Taylor, J.A.E. (2005). Effective contrast of colored stimuli in the mesopic range: A metric for perceived contrast based on achromatic luminance contrast. Journal of the Optical Society of America a-Optics Image Science and Vision 22, 17–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walkey, H.C., Barbur, J.L., Harlow, J.A. & Makous, W. (2001). Measurements of chromatic sensitivity in the mesopic range. Color Research and Application 26, S36–S42.3.0.CO;2-S>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walraven, J. (1976). Discounting the background—the missing link in the explanation of chromatic induction. Vision Research 16, 289–295.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whittle, P. (1986). Increments and decrements: Luminance discrimination. Vision Research 26, 1677–1691.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whittle, P. (1994). The Psychophysics of Contrast Brightness. In Lightness, Brightness and Transparency, ed. Gilchrist, A., pp. 35–110. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Whittle, P. & Challands, P.D.C. (1969). The effect of background luminance on the brightness of flashes. Vision Research 9, 1095–1110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed