Cloning and tissue localization of a novel zebrafish RdgB homolog that lacks a phospholipid transfer domain

Abstract

The retinal degeneration B (RdgB) protein family is characterized by an amino-terminal phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (PITP) domain, several hydrophobic domains, and a highly conserved carboxyl terminus. We identified a zebrafish RdgB homolog (pl-RdgB) that lacks the amino-terminal PITP domain, while retaining over 45% amino acid identity with the two mouse RdgB proteins (M-RdgB1 and M-RdgB2). Unlike the widespread retinal expression observed for other vertebrate RdgB homologs, pl-RdgB is restricted in the retina to the cone cell inner segments. The pl-RdgB protein is also expressed in the brain, although its distribution is different than the other RdgB homologs. Analogous to M-RdgB2, pl-RdgB protein is extracted from a retinal homogenate by guanidine and not by Triton X-100. Thus, pl-RdgB and likely all the identified RdgB homologs are not integral membrane proteins, but may associate with the membrane through protein–protein interactions. While expression of either murine RdgB homolog restored the defective light response and prevented retinal degeneration in rdgB mutant flies, expressing zebrafish pl-RdgB in Drosophila rdgB² null mutants slowed retinal degeneration without restoring the electrophysiological light response. Thus, pl-RdgB may define a previously unrecognized protein family, which includes the other RdgB homologs, that act through a protein complex to maintain photoreceptor viability.