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The impulse response of S-cone pathways in detection of increments and decrements

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2008

KEIZO SHINOMORI  and
JOHN S. WERNER
KEIZO SHINOMORI*
Affiliation:
Department of Information Systems Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kami-city, Koichi, Japan
JOHN S. WERNER
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Sacramento, California
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Keizo Shinomori: Department of Information Systems Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada-town, Kami-city, Kochi 782-8502, Japan. E-mail: shinomori.keizo@kochi-tech.ac.jp
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Abstract

Impulse response functions (IRFs) were obtained from two-pulse detection thresholds using isoluminant stimuli that produced increments or decrements in S-cone excitation. The pulses were chromatically modulated at constant luminance (based on 18 Hz heterochromatic flicker photometry). Chromatic stimuli were presented as a Gaussian patch (±1 SD = 2.3°) in one of four quadrants around a central fixation cross on a CRT screen. Each of the two pulses (6.67 ms) was separated by an inter-stimulus interval (ISI) from 20 to 360 ms. Chromaticity of the pulses was changed from the equal-energy white of the background to a bluish or yellowish color along individually determined tritan lines (based on color matching under strong S-cone adaptation from a 420 nm background superimposed in Maxwellian view). Chromatic detection thresholds were determined by a four-alternative forced-choice method with staircases for each ISI interleaved in each session. Measurements were repeated in at least four sessions for each observer. IRFs were calculated by varying four parameters of an exponentially-damped sinewave. Both S-cone increment and decrement IRFs are characterized by a single excitatory phase and a much longer time course compared with IRFs derived for luminance modulation using the same apparatus and observers. S-cone increment IRFs are faster than S-cone decrement IRFs; the time to peak amplitude of S-cone increment and decrement IRFs is 50–70 and 100–120 ms, respectively. These results were used to derive the temporal contrast sensitivity for human observers of putative ON- and OFF-channels carrying signals from S-cones.

Keywords

S-conesKoniocellular pathwayTemporal visionImpulse responseON- and OFF-pathways
Type
Research Article
Information
Visual Neuroscience , Volume 25 , Issue 3 , May 2008 , pp. 341 - 347
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

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