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Lab generated retina: Realizing the dream

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 May 2014

CARLA B. MELLOUGH ,
JOSEPH COLLIN ,
EVELYNE SERNAGOR ,
NICHOLAS K. WRIDE ,
DAVID H.W. STEEL  and
MAJLINDA LAKO
CARLA B. MELLOUGH
Affiliation:
Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
JOSEPH COLLIN
Affiliation:
Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
EVELYNE SERNAGOR
Affiliation:
Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
NICHOLAS K. WRIDE
Affiliation:
Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom Sunderland Eye Infirmary, Sunderland, United Kingdom
DAVID H.W. STEEL
Affiliation:
Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom Sunderland Eye Infirmary, Sunderland, United Kingdom
MAJLINDA LAKO*
Affiliation:
Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
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Abstract

Blindness represents an increasing global problem with significant social and economic impact upon affected patients and society as a whole. In Europe, approximately one in 30 individuals experience sight loss and 75% of those are unemployed, a social burden which is very likely to increase as the population of Europe ages. Diseases affecting the retina account for approximately 26% of blindness globally and 70% of blindness in the United Kingdom. To date, there are no treatments to restore lost retinal cells and improve visual function, highlighting an urgent need for new therapeutic approaches. A pioneering breakthrough has demonstrated the ability to generate synthetic retina from pluripotent stem cells under laboratory conditions, a finding with immense relevance for basic research, in vitro disease modeling, drug discovery, and cell replacement therapies. This review summarizes the current achievements in pluripotent stem cell differentiation toward retinal cells and highlights the steps that need to be completed in order to generate human synthetic retinae with high efficiency and reproducibly from patient-specific pluripotent stem cells.

Keywords

Neural retinaRetinal pigmented epitheliumHuman pluripotent stem cellsDifferentiationAge related macular degeneration (AMD)Hereditary retinal dystrophies (HRDs)
Type
Review Articles
Information
Visual Neuroscience , Volume 31 , Issue 4-5: Strategies for Restoring Sight in Retinal Dystrophies , September 2014 , pp. 317 - 332
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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