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Midkine expression is regulated by the circadian clock in the retina of the zebrafish

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 October 2009

ANDA-ALEXANDRA CALINESCU ,
PAMELA A. RAYMOND  and
PETER F. HITCHCOCK
ANDA-ALEXANDRA CALINESCU
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan The Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
PAMELA A. RAYMOND
Affiliation:
The Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
PETER F. HITCHCOCK*
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan The Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
*
*Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Peter F. Hitchcock, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, W. K. Kellogg Eye Center, 1000 Wall Street, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105-0714. E-mail: peterh@umich.edu
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Abstract

The retina displays numerous processes that follow a circadian rhythm. These processes are coordinated through the direct action of light on photoreceptive molecules and, in the absence of light, through autocrine/paracrine actions of extracellular neuromodulators. We previously described the expression of the genes encoding the secreted heparin-binding growth factors, midkine-a (mdka) and midkine-b (mdkb), in the retina of the zebrafish. Here, we provide evidence that the expression of mdka and mdkb follows a daily rhythm, which is independent of the presence or absence of light, and we propose that the expression of mdka is regulated by the circadian clock. Both qualitative and quantitative measures show that for mdka, the levels of mRNA and protein decrease during the night and increase during the subjective day. Qualitative measures show that the expression of mdkb increases during the second half of the subjective night and decreases during the second half of the subjective day. Within horizontal cells, the two midkine paralogs show asynchronous circadian regulation. Though intensely studied in the contexts of physiology and disease, this is the first study to provide evidence for the circadian regulation of midkines in the vertebrate nervous system.

Keywords

mdkamdkbHorizontal cellsCircadian rhythms
Type
Brief Communication
Information
Visual Neuroscience , Volume 26 , Issue 5-6 , November 2009 , pp. 495 - 501
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

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